Effectiveness and safety of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have become a key treatment for ovarian cancer, particularly in patients with BRCA mutations or homologous recombination deficiency (HRD).

Methods: This umbrella review synthesizes findings from 35 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy and safety of PARPi in ovarian cancer.

Results: Across studies, PARPi significantly improved progression-free survival, with the most pronounced benefit in BRCA-mutated and HRD-positive populations.

The development and validation of the irrational beliefs scale for people living with HIV.

Objective: To develop a culturally adapted scale measuring HIV-related irrational beliefs among PLHIV in China, and to examine its psychometric properties.

Methods: The study was conducted from 05/2022 to 11/2023 with four stages. Stage 1: a pool of items was constructed through semi-structured interviews with 48 PLHIV; Stage 2: 14 multidisciplinary experts were invited to evaluate the content validity of the scale; Stage 3: the test-retest reliability of the scale was conducted with 31 PLHIV; and Stage 4: a convenience sampling was used to conduct an online and on-site survey of PLHIV in eight designated institutions of antiretroviral treatment in Luzhou and Anyue regions.

Tight junction proteins and intestinal health in preterm infants.

The intestinal epithelial barrier consists of a single layer of cells that separate the gut lumen from the rest of the body. It regulates and protects the intestinal tract immunologically and mechanically. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common conditions requiring emergency surgery in the neonatal intensive care unit and is associated with a septic shock-like state contributing to multi-organ dysfunction.

Human gut commensal modulates the host lipidome and delivers anti-inflammatory outer membrane vesicles to suppress colitis in an -deficient mouse model.

Correlative studies have linked human gut microbes to specific health conditions. is one such microbial genus negatively linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the protective role of in IBD is understudied, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown.

Comparison of continuous versus on-demand proton pump inhibitor therapy in symptom control of patients with Barrett's esophagus.

Background: Whether continuous proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is superior to on-demand therapy for symptom control of Barrett's esophagus patients is unclear. The study aimed to compare the efficacies of the symptom control and the frequency of co-existent erosive esophagitis in patients with Barrett's esophagus by either continuous or on-demand PPI therapy.

Methods: We randomly assigned (1:1) consecutive adult patients with symptomatic Barrett's esophagus to receive on-demand or continuous esomeprazole (40 mg q.

[Review of Methods and Risk Assessment of Microplastics from Food Sources].

Microplastics are becoming an emerging environmental pollutant of great concern. Microplastics present in large quantities in the environment can accumulate in the human food system, thus threatening human health. Characterizing microplastic contamination in food is important for scientifically assessing the risk of human intake.

Clinical implications of human Parvovirus B19 infection on autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases.

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a human pathogen from the Parvoviridae family that primarily targets and replicates in erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs). While its symptoms are typically self-limiting in healthy individuals, B19V can cause or exacerbate autoimmune diseases in vulnerable patients. This review integrates the involvement of B19V in the development and worsening of several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), hematological disorders (thalassemia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia), vasculitis, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), dermatological disease (systemic sclerosis, psoriasis), autoimmune thyroid disease, myocarditis, and myasthenia gravis, and autoinflammatory disease of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD).

The embryo stage at fresh ET does not affect the cumulative live birth rate in women with a thin endometrium: a retrospective matched-controlled cohort study.

Background: The blastocyst-stage embryo has been considered more advantageous for increasing the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) at fresh embryo transfer (ET) compared to the cleavage-stage embryo. However, it remains uncertain whether this advantage extends to specialized subpopulations, such as women with thin endometrium (TE), who are characteristic of impaired endometrial receptivity. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the difference in the CLBR between cleavage-stage and blastocyst-stage embryos at fresh ET specifically in women with TE.

Enabling systemic identification and functionality profiling for Cdc42 homeostatic modulators.

Maintaining body homeostasis is the ultimate key to health. There are rich resources of bioactive materials for the functionality of homeostatic modulators (HMs) from both natural and synthetic chemical repertories. HMs are powerful modern therapeutics for human diseases including neuropsychiatric diseases, mental disorders, and drug addiction (e.

G-Protein Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease: Spatial Expression Validation of Semi-supervised Deep Learning-Based Computational Framework.

Systemic study of pathogenic pathways and interrelationships underlying genes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) facilitates the identification of new targets for effective treatments. Recently available large-scale multiomics datasets provide opportunities to use computational approaches for such studies. Here, we devised a novel sease ene entification (digID) computational framework that consists of a semi-supervised deep learning classifier to predict AD-associated genes and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network-based analysis to prioritize the importance of these predicted genes in AD.

Pain perception enhancement in consecutive second-eye phacoemulsification cataract surgeries under topical anesthesia.

Cataract is the main cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide while the only effective cure for cataract is still surgery. Consecutive phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia has been the routine procedure for cataract surgery. However, patients often grumbled that they felt more painful during the second-eye surgery compared to the first-eye surgery.

Colonic crypt stem cell functions are controlled by tight junction protein claudin-7 through Notch/Hippo signaling.

The tight junction protein claudin-7 is essential for tight junction function and intestinal homeostasis. Cldn7 deletion in mice leads to an inflammatory bowel disease-like phenotype exhibiting severe intestinal epithelial damage, weight loss, inflammation, mucosal ulcerations, and epithelial hyperplasia. Claudin-7 has also been shown to be involved in cancer metastasis and invasion.

[Effect of single basal application of controlled-release blended fertilizer on reactive nitrogen loss, carbon and nitrogen footprint during summer maize growth period].

To elucidate the agronomic and environmental effects of single basal application of controlled-release blended fertilizer in summer maize, and optimize management measures of nitrogen fertilizer for grain production in North China Plain, we conducted a field experiment in Dezhou Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Shandong Province. There were four treatments: CK (no N fertilizer), FFP (farmer's fertilizing practice, 240 kg N·hm), OPT (optimized nitrogen application, 210 kg N·hm), and CRBF (controlled-release blended fertilizer with single basal application, 210 kg N·hm). We compared maize yield and reactive nitrogen loss, and quantitatively evaluated the carbon and nitrogen footprints by using life cycle assessment method.

Enabling Systemic Identification and Functionality Profiling for Cdc42 Homeostatic Modulators.

Unlabelled: Homeostatic modulation is pivotal in modern therapeutics. However, the discovery of bioactive materials to achieve this functionality is often random and unpredictive. Here, we enabled a systemic identification and functional classification of chemicals that elicit homeostatic modulation of signaling through Cdc42, a classical small GTPase of Ras superfamily.

Hepatotoxicity evaluations of different surface charged carbon quantum dots in vivo and in vitro.

Recently, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have become popular because of their simple synthesis and potential applications. Although CQDs have high biocompatibility, their biotoxicity must be verified to reduce the possible risks associated with large-scale application. In this study, the hepatotoxicity of three CQD types, namely diammonium citrate (AC)-based (CQDs-AC), spermidine trihydrochloride (Spd)-based (CQDs-Spd), and AC- and Spd-based CQDs (CQDs-AC/Spd), were evaluated in vivo and in vitro.

ADSC-Exos outperform BMSC-Exos in alleviating hydrostatic pressure-induced injury to retinal ganglion cells by upregulating nerve growth factors.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have protective effects on the cornea, lacrimal gland, retina, and photoreceptor cell damage, which may be mediated by exosomes (exos) released by MSCs.

Aim: To investigate the ameliorating effect of exos derived from different MSCs on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury induced by hydrostatic pressure.

Methods: The RGC injury model was constructed by RGC damage under different hydrostatic pressures (40, 80, 120 mmHg).

Intestinal metaplasia in follow-up endoscopies among Asian patients with short-segment Barrett's esophagus: Regression, sampling error, and associated factors.

Background: The percentage of and factors associated with the regression of Barrett's esophagus (BE) or its characteristic intestinal metaplasia (IM) remain unclear, and conflicting results have been reported because of diverse regression and sampling error definitions. Thus, we investigated the rates of IM regression, sampling error, and associated factors.

Methods: Forty-two patients with proven short-segment BE with IM who underwent two follow-up endoscopies with biopsies of Barrett's mucosa were retrospectively analyzed.

Effects of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Inactivated Vaccine on the Outcome of Frozen Embryo Transfers: A Large Scale Clinical Study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a life-threatening infectious disease that has become a global pandemic.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine on the outcome of frozen embryo transfer (FET).

Methods: We grouped patients who underwent FET between August 2021 and March 2022 based on their vaccination status, number of doses, and the interval between the last dose and the FET, and then compared the differences in pregnancy outcomes among the groups.