Epidemiological Patterns of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in Equine Populations from Urumqi and Ili, Xinjiang, China.

Gastrointestinal parasitic diseases pose significant health risks to equine populations. This study investigated the epidemiological patterns of equine gastrointestinal parasites in Xinjiang by analyzing 83 fecal samples collected from Ili ( = 62) and Urumqi ( = 21) between August and November 2024. The modified McMaster technique was employed to quantify fecal egg counts (EPG) and was complemented by morphological identification to assess infection dynamics related to geography, breed specificity, and management practices.

H3K14 lactylation exacerbates neuronal ferroptosis by inhibiting calcium efflux following intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke.

Inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis is essential for mitigating neural damage and enhancing recovery in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH). Lactate accumulation correlates with ICH severity, yet the role of lactate-derived histone lactylation, a novel epigenetic modification, in ferroptosis and its mechanisms is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of histone lactylation on neuronal ferroptosis in ICH models, both in vitro and in vivo.

Effects of L. polysaccharide on the intestinal immune function and microbiota of broilers.

Introduction: Ficus carica L. polysaccharides (FLPs) are groups of biologically active compounds extracted from Ficus carica L.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed the structure of FLPs, predicted their immune enhancement pathway, and detected the impact of FLPs on the growth performance, immune function, and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens.

Characterization of a highly pathogenic porcine Teschoviruses 5 emerged in Western China.

Porcine teschovirus (PTV) is a devastating virus that targets the central nervous system and led to great economic losses in Europe between the 1920s and 1960s. Since 1973, PTV variants with lower pathogenicity have been prevalent globally, whereas highly pathogenic PTV strains have rarely emerged. In 2022, diarrhea with high mortality occurred on a pig farm in Gansu China.

Invades Non-Phagocytic Cells by Clathrin-Dependent Endocytic Pathways and Escapes from Phagocytic Vesicles.

() is capable of causing pneumonia, arthritis, mastitis, and various other ailments in cattle of all age groups, posing a significant threat to the healthy progression of the worldwide cattle industry. The invasion of non-phagocytic host cells serves as a pivotal mechanism enabling to evade the immune system and penetrate mucosal barriers, thereby promoting its spread. To investigate the differences in invasion into four types of non-phagocytic cells (Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells, bovine embryo tracheal (EBTr) cells and bovine turbinate (BT) cells) and further elucidate its invasion mechanism, this study first optimized the experimental methods for invasion into cells.

Variation in innate immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in piglets at different ages.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) poses a significant threat to pigs, with piglets under seven days old facing a mortality rate of up to 100 %. This study aimed to explore the maturation of the immune system in piglets across different age groups and their corresponding immune responses to PEDV infection. Real-time quantitative PCR was employed to assess the relative mRNA expression of inflammation-related factors in infected pigs compared to non-infected counterparts at varying ages.

Pomegranate flower polysaccharide improves mastitis in mice by regulating intestinal flora and restoring the blood-milk barrier.

This study explored the inhibitory effect of pomegranate flower polysaccharide (PFPS) on mastitis through and models. PFPS is a new type of polysaccharide isolated and extracted from pomegranate flowers. The result revealed that PFPS consists of GalA, Ara, and Gal, and the residues consist of 1,4-GalpA, 1,4-Galp, and 1,3,6-Galp, which contain HG-type and RG-I-type pectin structural domains.

TGF-β1 impairs IgA class switch recombination and production in porcine Peyer's patches B cells.

Secretory IgA is crucial for preventing the invasion of entero-pathogens via intestinal mucosa. While it is well-established that Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) regulates IgA production in human and mouse B cells, our previous investigation revealed different functions of TGF-β1 in IgA generation in pigs compared with humans and mice, with the underlying mechanism remaining elusive. In this study, IgM B cells from porcine Peyer's patches (PPs) were isolated and stimulated with recombinant porcine TGF-β1 to evaluate the effect of TGF-β1 on pigs.

Porcine lung tissue slices: a culture model for PRCV infection and innate immune response investigations.

Respiratory coronaviruses (RCoVs) significantly threaten human health, necessitating the development of an ex vivo respiratory culture system for investigating RCoVs infection. Here, we successfully generated a porcine precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs) culture system, containing all resident lung cell types in their natural arrangement. Next, this culture system was inoculated with a porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), exhibiting clinical features akin to humans who were infected by SARS-CoV-2.

TLR9 mediates IgA production in the porcine small intestine during PEDV infection.

IgA plays a vital role in defending against the infectious pathogens. However, the specific regulatory pathways involved in IgA secretion in the context of PEDV infection have remained elusive. Therefore, in this study, we explore the molecular mechanisms underlying IgA secretion in response to infection, with a particular focus on PEDV, a devastating enteric virus affecting global swine production.

[Advances in molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage].

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common subtype of stroke with high disability and high mortality rates. Due to the hypertension with arteriosclerosis, hemopathy and cerebrovascular amyloidosis, the influx of blood from ruptured vessels into the brain destroys the cerebral parenchyma and results in dysfunction of central nervous system because of hematoma compression and a series of toxic metabolites. The cerebral parenchyma consists of gray and white matter.

Targeted macrophage phagocytosis by Irg1/itaconate axis improves the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke and peritonitis.

Background: Macrophages are innate immune cells whose phagocytosis function is critical to the prognosis of stroke and peritonitis. cis-aconitic decarboxylase immune-responsive gene 1 (Irg1) and its metabolic product itaconate inhibit bacterial infection, intracellular viral replication, and inflammation in macrophages. Here we explore whether itaconate regulates phagocytosis.

IL-10 protects against OPC ferroptosis by regulating lipid reactive oxygen species levels post stroke.

Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially on lipids, induces massive cell death in neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and causes severe neurologic deficits post stroke. While small compounds, such as deferoxamine, lipostatin-1, and ferrostatin-1, have been shown to be effective in reducing lipid ROS, the mechanisms by which endogenously protective molecules act against lipid ROS accumulation and subsequent cell death are still unclear, especially in OPCs, which are critical for maintaining white matter integrity and improving long-term outcomes after stroke. Here, using mouse primary OPC cultures, we demonstrate that interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine playing roles in reducing neuroinflammation and promoting hematoma clearance, significantly reduced hemorrhage-induced lipid ROS accumulation and subsequent ferroptosis in OPCs.

ZNF281 inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis to facilitate metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Zinc finger protein 281 (ZNF281) has been shown to promote tumor progression. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated. In this study, ZNF281 knockdown increased the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, accompanied with increment of mitochondrial content, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and levels of TCA cycle intermetabolites.

Characterization and Assessment of Sheep-Origin Probiotic Bacillus licheniformis B63 Strain for Potential Use in Intestinal Health and Disease.

Bacterial diarrhea causes serious losses for the sheep industry. Antibiotic resistance acquired by diarrheal bacteria is still a hurdle in the care of animal health. Thus, it is urgent to develop effective alternatives to antibiotics for controlling bacterial diarrhea.

TGF-β1 reduces the differentiation of porcine IgA-producing plasma cells by inducing IgM B cells apoptosis via Bax/Bcl2-Caspase3 pathway.

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) performs a critical role in maintaining homeostasis of intestinal mucosa regulation and controls the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of many immune cells. In this study, we discovered that the infection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a coronavirus, upregulated TGF-β1 expression via activating Tregs. Besides, recombinant porcine TGF-β1 decreased the percentage of CD21 B cells within the lymphocyte population in vitro.

PEDV promotes the differentiation of CD4T cells towards Th1, Tfh, and Treg cells via CD103DCs.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) can infect all ages of pigs, particularly newborn piglets with a mortality almost reaching to 80-100%, causing significant economic losses to the global pig industry. The mucosal immune response is crucial for PEDV prevention, in which specific dendritic cells (DCs) and differentiated T cells play vital roles. In this study, CD103DCs were differentiated successfully with retinoic acid (RA) treatment in vitro.

H3K9 trimethylation dictates neuronal ferroptosis through repressing .

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. We have previously shown that ferroptosis contributes to neuronal loss in ICH mice. The overload of iron and dysfunction of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) promote neuronal ferroptosis post-ICH.

Oral administration of Lactic acid bacteria inhibits PEDV infection in young piglets.

Since the emergence of the highly pathogenic porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain in 2010, the prevention of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in pig farms remains problematic. To find the reasons behind the high mortality in young piglets, the relative mRNA expression of inflammation-related factors in infected pigs of different ages as well as uninfected pigs were detected by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the mRNA expression of these factors including IL-6 and TNF-α was more increased in infected younger piglets than infected older pigs.

Genomic characterization and pathogenicity analysis of a porcine deltacoronavirus strain isolated in western China.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteric virus that was first identified in 2012. Although PDCoV has been detected worldwide, there is little information about its circulation in western China. In this study, fecal samples were collected from piglets with watery diarrhea in western China between 2015 and 2018 for the detection of PDCoV.

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) at or near cancer mutation hot spots as potential targets for early cancer detection.

Objective: Universal noninvasive genomic screening to detect cancer and/or fetal DNA in plasma at all stages of development is highly warranted. Since 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) emerged as an intermediate metabolite in active DNA demethylation, there have been increasing efforts to elucidate its function as a stable modification of the genome. In the current study, we demonstrate that discrete 5hmC sites within 80 bp hotspot regions exist in a greater proportion of cancer versus normal cells.

Ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells mediates white matter injury after hemorrhagic stroke.

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) differentiate to myelin-producing mature oligodendrocytes and enwrap growing or demyelinated axons during development and post central nervous diseases. Failure of remyelination owing to cell death or undifferentiation of OPCs contributes to severe neurologic deficits and motor dysfunction. However, how to prevent the cell death of OPCs is still poorly understood, especially in hemorrhagic diseases.

Reduction of lactoferrin aggravates neuronal ferroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in hyperglycemic mice.

Diabetic hyperglycemia aggravates the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH) in the clinic. In addition to hematoma expansion and increased inflammation, how diabetic hyperglycemia affects the outcomes of ICH is still unclear. We found that streptozotocin-induced diabetic hyperglycemia not only increased neutrophil infiltration, but also changed the gene expression profile of neutrophils, including lactoferrin (Ltf) encoding gene Ltf.