Assessing the global flux of organic carbon transported from terrestrial surfaces to oceans by rivers.

The magnitude and distribution of organic carbon (OC) transport from the terrestrial surface to the oceans is not well understood on a global scale. This hinders our understanding of terrestrial and marine carbon cycles. In this study, we determined the characteristics of OC flux.

B cell-targeted therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus: Current status and perspectives.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease. Its pathogenesis is characterized by excessive autoantibody production, immune complex deposition, and damage to multiple organs. Currently, clinicians use immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids to treat SLE; however, the overall treatment outcomes remain suboptimal.

Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-Glioma Effects of Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Derived from L.: A Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Study.

Introduction: L. a widely used tropical fruit, has been historically valued as a medicinal plant. Modern pharmacological research has identified several compounds in its pericarp, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which possess antioxidant and anticancer properties.

β-Mangostin targets and suppresses glioma via STING activation and tumor-associated microglia polarization.

Glioma, a common and highly malignant central nervous system tumor, markedly influences patient prognosis via interactions with glioma-associated macrophages. Previous research has revealed the anticancer potential of β-mangostin, a xanthone derivative obtained from the mangosteen fruit. This research investigated the role of β-mangostin on microglia in the glioma microenvironment and evaluated the efficacy of β-mangostin combined with anti-PD-1 antibody (αPD-1) in glioma-bearing mice.

Threat of soil formation rate to health of karst ecosystem.

Karst ecosystems are important to several billion people, so it is necessary to accurately diagnose and evaluate the health of these ecosystems for socioeconomic development; however, the existing evaluation methods have many limitations, so they cannot accurately evaluate the ecosystem health in karst areas. In particular, they ignore the influence and restriction of the soil formation rate on the ecosystem health. To this end, we established a new index to represent the actual health status of karst ecosystems.

Elabela-apelin-12, 17, 36/APJ system promotes platelet aggregation and thrombosis via activating the PANX1-P2X7 signaling pathway.

The elabela-apelin/angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated protein (APJ) system is an important regulator in certain thrombosis-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cerebral infarction. Our previous reports have revealed that apelin exacerbates atherosclerotic lesions. However, the relationship between the elabela-apelin/APJ system and platelet aggregation and atherothrombosis is unclear.

High-resolution mapping of the global silicate weathering carbon sink and its long-term changes.

Climatic and non-climatic factors affect the chemical weathering of silicate rocks, which in turn affects the CO concentration in the atmosphere on a long-term scale. However, the coupling effects of these factors prevent us from clearly understanding of the global weathering carbon sink of silicate rocks. Here, using the improved first-order model with correlated factors and non-parametric methods, we produced spatiotemporal data sets (0.

The Role of Zinc in Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation.

Zinc is an essential trace element for bone growth and bone homeostasis in the human body. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent progenitors existing in the bone marrow stroma with the capability of differentiating along multiple lineage pathways. Zinc plays a paramount role in BMSCs, which can be spurred differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, or adipocytes, and modulates the formation and activity of osteoclasts.

Effects of adenovirus-mediated knockdown of IRAK4 on synovitis in the osteoarthritis rabbit model.

Background: The use of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) inhibitor as a treatment for the inflammatory joint disease is a promising method. However, its underlying mechanism in osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to look into the effects of adenovirus-mediated knockdown of IRAK4 on synovitis in the OA rabbit model.

Apelin/APJ signaling activates autophagy to promote human lung adenocarcinoma cell migration.

Aims: Beclin1(BECN1) is known as an autophagy-related protein and the expression is promoted by apelin in lung adenocarcinoma cells, suggesting that apelin activates autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma. However, the functions of apelin-induced autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and deterioration are still unknown. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of apelin-induced autophagy on lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and deterioration.

The responses of weathering carbon sink to eco-hydrological processes in global rocks.

Eco-hydrological processes affect the chemical weathering carbon sink (CS) of rocks. However, due to data quality limitations, the magnitude of the CS of rocks and their responses to eco-hydrological processes are not accurately understood. Therefore, based on Global Erosion Model for CO fluxes (GEM-CO model), hydrological site data, and multi-source remote sensing data, we produced a 0.

Mitochondrial unfolded protein response: A novel pathway in metabolism and immunity.

Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mitoUPR) is a mitochondria stress response to maintain mitochondrial proteostasis during stress. Increasing evidence suggests that mitoUPR participates in diverse physiological processes especially metabolism and immunity. Although mitoUPR regulates metabolism in many aspects, it is mainly reflected in the regulation of energy metabolism.

Potential role of mitochondria in synoviocytes.

Synoviocytes are located in the synovium lining layer, which is composed of macrophage-like synoviocytes (MLS) and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) with different characteristics. Mitochondria, which exist in most cells, are two membrane-covered organelles. In addition to providing the necessary ATP for synoviocytes, mitochondria are involved in the regulation of redox homeostasis and the integration of synoviocytes death signals.

TLRs Play Crucial Roles in Regulating RA Synoviocyte.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease comparing the inflammation of synovium. Macrophage-like synoviocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (synoviocytes) are crucial ingredients of synovium. Therein, a lot of research has focused on synoviocytes.

Ferritinophagy activation and sideroflexin1-dependent mitochondria iron overload is involved in apelin-13-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy.

Excess iron accumulation and cardiac oxidative stress have been shown as important mediators of cardiac hypertrophy, whereas it remains largely elusive about the occurrence of mitochondrial iron overload and its significance during cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study, we aim to investigate the role of NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy and SFXN1-dependent mitochondria iron overload in apelin-13-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy. Apelin-13 significantly promotes ferric citrate (FAC)-induced total cellular and mitochondria ion production, as well as mitochondria ROS contents.

Autophagic regulation of platelet biology.

Platelets, developed from megakaryocytes, are characterized by anucleate and short-life span hemocyte in mammal vessel. Platelets are very important in the cardiovascular system. Studies indicate the occurrence of autophagy platelets and megakaryocytes.

Apelin/APJ system: A potential therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction-related diseases.

APJ is a G protein-coupled receptor and its endogenous ligand is apelin. Studies have shown that apelin/APJ system is widely distributed in the body, especially highly expressed in the vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Numerous reports have demonstrated that apelin/APJ system plays an important role in the regulation of ECs function.

PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy promotes apelin-13-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by AMPKα and exacerbates atherosclerotic lesions.

Aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Our previous studies have demonstrated that apelin-13/APJ confers a proliferative response in VSMC, however, its underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of mitophagy in apelin-13-induced VSMC proliferation and atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice.

Function and regulation of apelin/APJ system in digestive physiology and pathology.

Apelin is an endogenous ligand of seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin and APJ are distributed in various tissues, including the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract and even in tumor tissues. Studies show that apelin messenger RNA is widely expressed in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues, including stomach and small intestine, which is closely correlated with GI function.

Apelin/APJ system: A critical regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell.

APJ, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, is first identified through homology cloning in 1993. Apelin is endogenous ligand of APJ extracted from bovine stomach tissue in 1998. Apelin/APJ system is widely expressed in many kinds of cells such as endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, especially vascular smooth muscle cell.