Acylated Canna edulis starch improves type 2 diabetes in vitro and in vivo via gut microbiota-derived SCFA enrichment.

In this study, acylated starch from Canna edulis starch was syntheized by reacting it with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and investigated its fermentation properties using fecal samples from healthy individuals and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in vitro. Additionally, the correlation was analyzed between intestinal flora and T2DM indicators through in-vivo animal experiments. The in-vitro fermentation results showed that, compared to controls, Canna edulis butyrylated starch (PSB) increased butyric acid concentration by 6.

The synergistic regulatory mechanism of SmPAL1 and its interacting protein SmRCA in promoting the accumulation of phenolic compounds and inhibiting the synthesis of terpenoids.

This study investigates the synergistic regulatory mechanisms of SmPAL1 and its interacting protein SmRCA in Salvia miltiorrhiza, a medicinal plant known for its phenolic acid and terpenoid compounds. SmPAL1, identified as a "valve" key regulatory gene, plays a key role in phenolic acid biosynthesis. Using gene editing, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses, we explored the impact of SmPAL1 on metabolic pathways in transgenic hairy roots.

Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides improve hyperlipidemia with respect to lipid synthesis and intestinal flora modulation.

Chronic high-fat diet can lead to fatty liver metabolism, hyperlipidemia disorders, and other diseases. Polysaccharides are natural lipid-lowering agents. Nevertheless, the lipid-lowering mechanism of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides (IOP) needs to be clarified.

Lacticaseibacillus casei JS-2 from 'Jiangshui' Reduces Uric Acid and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Hyperuricemia.

Lacticaseibacillus casei (JS-2) is a novel probiotic isolated from "Jiangshui", a kind of traditional folk fermented food, which has a significant effect on hyperuricemia (HUA). In vitro experimental results showed that JS-2 has a high degradation ability and selectivity for uric acid (UA). The animal test results indicated that after two weeks of treatment, JS-2 could significantly reduce the level of UA in the serum of HUA quails ( < 0.

MuSK Regulates Neuromuscular Junction Nav1.4 Localization and Excitability.

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the linchpin of nerve-evoked muscle contraction. Broadly, the NMJ transduces nerve action potentials into muscle fiber action potentials (MFAPs). Efficient neuromuscular transmission requires cholinergic signaling, which generates endplate potentials (EPPs), and excitation, the amplification of an EPP by postsynaptic voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.

Characterization and Nutritional Intervention Effects of Type 5 Resistant Starch in Hyperlipidemia Mice.

Numerous reports have indicated that the type 3 resistant starch (RS3) derived from can regulate lipid metabolism. However, it remains unclear whether the type 5 resistant starch (RS5) exhibits similar effects. In this study, RS5 was prepared from native starch and lauric acid through a hydrothermal method for the first time, and its nutritional intervention effects on hyperlipidemia in mice were investigated.

Therapeutic potential of RS3-resistant starch in alleviating neuroinflammation and apoptosis in a Parkinson's disease rat model.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Miao medicinal RS3-resistant starch on behavioral performance and substantia nigra neuron apoptosis-related indicators in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Among the experimental groups, except for the control group, we induced PD rat models by subcutaneous injection of rotenone in the neck and back. After model induction, a 28-day drug intervention was conducted.

Structural analysis of type 3 resistant starch from during simulated digestion and its post-digested residue impact on human gut microbiota.

Introduction: Resistant starch (RS) has garnered attention for its health benefits, including modulating the gut microbiota and promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

Methods: This study investigates structural changes of type 3 resistant starch from (CE) during simulated digestion and explores its health-relevant properties using healthy individuals' fecal microbiota.

Results: CE, prepared with a RS content of 59.

In vitro fecal fermentation of acylated porous Canna edulis starch and corresponding stabilized Pickering emulsions.

In this study, acylated porous Canna edulis starch with varying degrees of substitution (DS) were prepared and employed for stabilizing Pickering emulsions. Subsequently, the fermentation characteristics of them were investigated. Enzymatically produced porous starch (PS) was esterified with acetic, propionic, butyric, or valeric anhydrides, yielding acetylated (PSA-0.

Type 3 resistant starch from Canna edulis reduce lipid levels in patients with mild hyperlipidemia through altering gut microbiome: A double- blind randomized controlled trial.

Type 3 resistant starch from Canna edulis (Ce-RS3) is an insoluble dietary fiber which could improve blood lipids in animals, but clinically robust evidence is still lacking. We performed a double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of Ce-RS3 on lipids in mild hyperlipidemia. One hundred and fifteen patients were included followed the recruitment criteria, and were randomly allocated to receive Ce-RS3 or placebo (native starch from Canna edulis) for 12 weeks (20 g/day).

Comparative study on the structure characterization and activity of RS5 made from Canna edulis native starch and high-amylose corn starch.

In this study, the high amylose corn starch and Canna edulis native starch were compounded with lauric acid and fermented by human fecal inoculation in vitro. Changes in beneficial metabolite profile and microbiota composition were evaluated. The structural properties showed that both NS-12C and HAMS-12C formed V-shaped crystals under the same preparation method, but NS-12C had a higher composite index and resistance content than HAMS-12C.

JS-3 Isolated from "Jiangshui" Ameliorates Hyperuricemia by Regulating Gut Microbiota and iTS Metabolism.

A diet high in purines can impair the function of the gut microbiota and disrupt purine metabolism, which is closely associated with the onset of hyperuricemia. Dietary regulation and intestinal health maintenance are key approaches for controlling uric acid (UA) levels. Investigating the impacts of fermented foods offers potential dietary interventions for managing hyperuricemia.

Structure properties of Canna edulis RS3 (double enzyme hydrolysis) and RS4 (OS-starch and cross-linked starch): Influence on fermentation products and human gut microbiota.

This study investigated the in vitro fermentation characteristics of different structural types of Canna edulis resistant starch (RS). RS3 was prepared through a double enzyme hydrolysis method, and RS4 (OS-starch and cross-linked starch) was prepared using octenyl succinic anhydride and sodium trimetaphosphate/sodium tripolyphosphate, respectively. The RS3 and RS4 samples were structurally analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction analysis.

Study of the self-assembly, drug encapsulating and delivering characteristics of short chain amylose-based type 3 resistant starch nanoparticles from Canna edulis.

In developing type 3 resistant starch (RS3) from Canna edulis for use as functional food ingredients, we investigated the synthesis of C. edulis RS3 nanoparticles. Simultaneously, we explored the potential of C.

Addition of Canna edulis starch and starch nanoparticles to stabilized Pickering emulsions: In vitro digestion and fecal fermentation.

Starch nanoparticles (SNPs) were prepared through acid hydrolysis of Canna edulis native starch and modified with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) to yield OS-starch and OS-SNPs. These modified particles were used to stabilize curcumin-loaded Pickering emulsions. Effects on gut microbiota during in vitro fecal fermentation were examined.

Genetic diversity, population structure, and DNA fingerprinting of Ailanthus altissima var. erythrocarpa based on EST-SSR markers.

Ailanthus altissima var. erythrocarpa is an A. altissima variety with high economic, ecological and ornamental value, but there have been no reports on the development of SSR primers for it.

Carboxymethyl chitosan and octadecylamine-coated liposome-containing WPTS: design, optimization, and evaluation.

Liposomes (LPs) are a delivery system for stabilizing pharmaceuticals with limited use due to their propensity to congregate and fuse. A proposed method of addressing these problems is polymer coating. In this study, the potential of octadecylamine (ODA)-coated liposomes and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS/ODA-LPs) for enhancing Wacao pentacyclic triterpene saponin (WPTS) transport capacity was investigated.

Kcr-FLAT: A Chinese-Named Entity Recognition Model with Enhanced Semantic Information.

The performance of Chinese-named entity recognition (NER) has improved via word enhancement or new frameworks that incorporate various types of external data. However, for Chinese NER, syntactic composition (in sentence level) and inner regularity (in character-level) have rarely been studied. Chinese characters are highly sensitive to sentential syntactic data.

Plateau potentials contribute to myotonia in mouse models of myotonia congenita.

It has long been accepted that myotonia (muscle stiffness) in patients with muscle channelopathies is due to myotonic discharges (involuntary firing of action potentials). In a previous study, we identified a novel phenomenon in myotonic muscle: development of plateau potentials, transient depolarizations to near -35 mV lasting for seconds to minutes. In the current study we examined whether plateau potentials contribute to myotonia.

, acting as a molecular valve, plays a key regulatory role in the primary and secondary metabolism of tanshinones in .

Red sage, the dry root and rhizome of the herbaceous plant Bunge, is widely used for treating various diseases. The low content of tanshinones (terpenoids) has always restricted development of the industry. Here, we found that , a rate-limiting enzyme-coding gene located at the intersection of primary and secondary metabolism, can effectively change the transcription level and secondary metabolome profile of hairy roots of , and significantly increase the content of tanshinones.