sesquiterpenes stimulate root growth and ramification of host and non-host plants by coordinating plant auxin signaling pathways.

Prior to physical contact, ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can regulate plant root growth and ramification by emitting volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the underlying mechanisms of these VOC effects, as well as the key signaling molecules within the VOC blends, are largely unknown. Under sterile conditions, we studied the effects of the VOCs on the root growth of or before physical contact.

Unravelling the complex relationship between Suillus bovinus and Gomphidius roseus through investigation of their sporocarps in Pinus massoniana forests.

Background: The co-occurrence of sporocarps has revealed many intimate associations between different ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi species. The co-occurrence of sporocarps of Suillus bovinus and Gomphidius roseus, two edible ECM fungi, is well recognized; however, the interactions between them remain largely unknown. This study investigated the relationship between these two fungi occurring in Pinus massoniana forests through phenological, microbiome, and metabolome analyses.

Unveiling Microbial Dynamics: How Forest Aging Shapes the Microbial Communities of .

Plants host diverse microbial communities essential for nutrient acquisition, growth, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite their importance, the variation and stability of these communities during forest succession remain poorly understood. This study investigated the microbial communities in forests at different stand ages (12, 22, 30, and 40 years).

Cell-free epigenomes enhanced fragmentomics-based model for early detection of lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality, highlighting the need for innovative non-invasive early detection methods. Although cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis shows promise, its sensitivity in early-stage lung cancer patients remains a challenge. This study aimed to integrate insights from epigenetic modifications and fragmentomic features of cfDNA using machine learning to develop a more accurate lung cancer detection model.

Morphogenesis and metabolomics reveal the compatible relationship among , , and their co-host, .

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and dark septate endophytes (DSEs) can both form a symbiotic relationship with the same host plant. However, the interactions that occur among these two types of fungi and their co-hosts are largely unknown. Here, we investigated interactions that occur among the ECM fungus , the DSE , and their co-host .

Morphological and Transcriptional Characteristics of the Symbiotic Interaction between and .

Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) function has been well studied; however, there is little detailed information regarding the establishment of ECM symbioses. We investigated the morphological and transcriptional changes that occur during the establishment of the - ECM. promoted the growth of via the release of volatile organic compounds and exudates during the pre-symbiotic stage.

Stimulation of Hyphal Ramification and Sporulation in by Root Extracts Is Host Phosphorous Status-Dependent.

A simulation of the environment inhabited by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi could provide clues as to how to cultivate these obligate biotrophs axenically. Host intraradical and rhizospheric environments, root extracts and exudates in particular, would be crucial for AM fungi to complete their life cycles. In this study, we analyzed and compared the effects of root exudates (RE) and root extracts (RET) of white clover () on the asymbiotic growth of the AM fungus in vitro, and furtherly analyzed the chemical components of different RET with the LC-MS/MS technique in order to establish an asymbiotic cultivation system for this important and hardly domesticated AM fungus.

Fungal diversity within the phyllosphere of Pinus massoniana and the possible involvement of phyllospheric fungi in litter decomposition.

Fungi play key roles in forest ecosystems and help to shape the forest's diverse functions. However, little is known about the diversity of phyllospheric fungi or their possible relationships with fungal communities residing in different micro-environments of Pinus massoniana forests. We investigated seven different sample types: mature needles (NM), dead needles (ND), needles falling as litter (L), fermenting needles (F), humus (H), top soil (0-20 cm) (TS), and secondary soil (20-40 cm) (SS).

Hypermethylation of as a Novel Tumor Suppressor Involved in Tumor Growth and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer.

Background/aims: The role of DHRS3 in human cancer remains unclear. Our study explored the role of in gastric cancer (GC) and its clinicopathological significance and associated mechanisms.

Materials: Bisulfite-assisted genomic sequencing PCR and a Mass-Array system were used to evaluate and quantify the methylation levels of the promoter.

Comparative gene expression profile analysis of ovules provides insights into Jatropha curcas L. ovule development.

Jatropha curcas, an economically important biofuel feedstock with oil-rich seeds, has attracted considerable attention among researchers in recent years. Nevertheless, valuable information on the yield component of this plant, particularly regarding ovule development, remains scarce. In this study, transcriptome profiles of anther and ovule development were established to investigate the ovule development mechanism of J.

Mirror Bisulfite Sequencing: A Method for Single-Base Resolution of Hydroxymethylcytosine.

Although the role of 5-methylcytosine has been well studied, the biological role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine still remains unclear because of the limited methods available for single-base detection of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Here, we present mirror bisulfite sequencing for 5hmC detection at a single CpG site by synthesizing a DNA strand to mirror the parental strand. This semiconservative duplex is sequentially treated with β-glucosyltransferase and M.

Neuronal Expression of Opioid Gene is Controlled by Dual Epigenetic and Transcriptional Mechanism in Human Brain.

Molecular mechanisms that define patterns of neuropeptide expression are essential for the formation and rewiring of neural circuits. The prodynorphin gene (PDYN) gives rise to dynorphin opioid peptides mediating depression and substance dependence. We here demonstrated that PDYN is expressed in neurons in human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and identified neuronal differentially methylated region in PDYN locus framed by CCCTC-binding factor binding sites.

Transcriptome-Wide Detection of 5-Methylcytosine by Bisulfite Sequencing.

While low-throughput RNA bisulfite sequencing is the method of choice to assess the methylation status of specific cytosines in candidate RNAs, the combination of bisulfite treatment of RNA with today's high-throughput sequencing techniques opens the door to methylation studies at nucleotide resolution on a transcriptome-wide scale. Below we describe a protocol for the transcriptome-wide analysis of total or fractionated poly(A)RNA in cells and tissues. Although the nature of the bisulfite sequencing protocol makes it comparably easy to translate from a low to a high-throughput approach, several critical points require attention before starting such a project.

Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing Determination of Distinctive DNA Hypermethylated Genes in the Progression to Colon Cancer in African Americans.

Background and Aims. Many studies have focused on the determination of methylated targets in colorectal cancer. However, few analyzed the progressive methylation in the sequence from normal to adenoma and ultimately to malignant tumors.

Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere.

Spores are important propagules as well as the most reliable species-distinguishing traits of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. During surveys of AM fungal communities, spore enumeration and spore identification are frequently conducted, but generally little attention is given to the age and viability of the spores. In this study, AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere were characterized as live or dead by vital staining and by performing a germination assay.

Practical guidelines and consideration of using RRHP for 5hmC detection.

5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an epigenetic modification, which has been associated with gene expression in many biological contexts. Reduced representation hydroxymethylation profiling was developed as an enzymatic-based method for genome-wide 5hmC detection. It exploits β-glucosyltransferase to inhibit enzymatic cleavage of adapters ligated to a genomic library, allowing only fragments with glucosylated 5hmC residues at adapter junctions to be amplified and sequenced.

H19 lncRNA alters DNA methylation genome wide by regulating S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.

DNA methylation is essential for mammalian development and physiology. Here we report that the developmentally regulated H19 lncRNA binds to and inhibits S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), the only mammalian enzyme capable of hydrolysing S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). SAH is a potent feedback inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases that methylate diverse cellular components, including DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and neurotransmitters.

The phosphate transporters LjPT4 and MtPT4 mediate early root responses to phosphate status in non mycorrhizal roots.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis improves host plant phosphorous (P) status and elicits the expression of AM-inducible phosphate transporters (PTs) in arbuscule-containing cells, where they control arbuscule morphogenesis and P release. We confirmed such functions for LjPT4 in mycorrhizal Lotus japonicus. Promoter-GUS experiments showed LjPT4 transcription not only in arbusculated cells but also in root tips, in the absence of the fungus: here LjPT4 transcription profile depended on the phosphate level.

Effect of volatiles versus exudates released by germinating spores of Gigaspora margarita on lateral root formation.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi influence the root system architecture of their hosts; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Ectomycorrhizal fungi influence root architecture via volatiles. To determine whether volatiles also play a role in root system changes in response to AM fungi, spores of the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita were inoculated on the same plate as either wild type (WT) Lotus japonicus, the L.

RRHP: a tag-based approach for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine mapping at single-site resolution.

Current methods for genomic mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) have been limited by either costly sequencing depth, high DNA input, or lack of single-base resolution. We present an approach called Reduced Representation 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Profiling (RRHP) to map 5hmC sites at single-base resolution by exploiting the use of beta-glucosyltransferase to inhibit enzymatic digestion at the junction where adapters are ligated to a genomic library. Therefore, only library fragments presenting glucosylated 5hmC residues at the junction are sequenced.

JBP1-seq: a fast and efficient method for genome-wide profiling of 5hmC.

We developed a novel approach, J-binding protein 1 sequencing (JBP1-seq), that combines the benefits of an improved recombinant JBP1 protein, Nextera-based library construction, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for genome-wide profiling of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Compared with the original JBP1, this new recombinant JBP1 was biotinylated in vivo and conjugated to magnetic beads via biotin-streptavidin interactions. These modifications allowed a more efficient and consistent pull-down of β-glucosyl-5-hydroxymethylcytosine (β-glu-5hmC), and sequence-ready libraries can be generated within 4.

MRTF-A and STAT3 synergistically promote breast cancer cell migration.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide which is closely related to metastasis. But the exact molecular mechanism on metastasis is still not fully understood; we now report that both MRTF-A and STAT3 play important role in breast cancer migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, MRTF-A and STAT3 synergistically increased MDA-MB-231 cell migration by promoting the expression of migration markers Myl-9 and Cyr-61.

Re-expression and epigenetic modification of maspin induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells mediated by myocardin.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. It is well known that oncogene activation and anti-oncogene inactivation affect the development and progression of breast cancer, but the role of oncogene activation and anti-oncogene inactivation in breast cancer is still not fully understood. We now report that maspin acts as a tumor suppressor gene to induce MCF-7 cell apoptosis.

DNA methylome profiling identifies novel methylated genes in African American patients with colorectal neoplasia.

The identification of genes that are differentially methylated in colorectal cancer (CRC) has potential value for both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions specifically in high-risk populations such as African Americans (AAs). However, DNA methylation patterns in CRC, especially in AAs, have not been systematically explored and remain poorly understood. Here, we performed DNA methylome profiling to identify the methylation status of CpG islands within candidate genes involved in critical pathways important in the initiation and development of CRC.