Understanding and overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer.

Cancer evolution can engender tumours with the ability to resist multiple treatments with distinct chemical structures and mechanisms of action, and this multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype has long been a substantial challenge in cancer therapy. Despite the established benefits of systemic treatments including chemotherapies, molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapies across various cancers, MDR inevitably occurs at some point during the course of the disease and its treatment in most patients. Since the discovery of MDR in the 1960s, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms has deepened.

Storage Impact on Chlamydospore Germination of Arthrobotrys flagrans in Sodium Alginate Pellets.

This study aims to determine the shelf life of four batches of sodium alginate pellets containing the Arthrobotrys flagrans chlamydospores different storage conditions. Results showed that the germination rates of the chlamydospores in batches A and B increased in varying degrees at the indoor storage for 1 month but until 17 months of storage gradually declined to 0.52% and 0.

Storage Impact on Chlamydospore Germination of Arthrobotrys flagrans in Sodium Alginate Pellets.

This study aims to determine the shelf life of four batches of sodium alginate pellets containing the Arthrobotrys flagrans chlamydospores different storage conditions. Results showed that the germination rates of the chlamydospores in batches A and B increased in varying degrees at the indoor storage for 1 month but until 17 months of storage gradually declined to 0.52% and 0.

Axial length as a predictor of myopic macular degeneration: a meta-analysis and clinical study.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between axial length (AL) and the severity of myopic macular degeneration (MMD).

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from their inception until October 1, 2023, to identify population-based or hospital-based studies reporting AL across different grades of MMD. Only studies employing the International Photographic Classification and Grading System for Myopic Maculopathy (META-PM) were included.

Impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism testing on the risk of stent thrombosis in patients with carotid artery stenting.

Objective: We aimed to identify the impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism testing on clinical outcomes in patients who have undergone carotid artery stenting (CAS).

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. CYP2C19 polymorphisms were identified based on the presence of two normal functional alleles in normal metabolizers (NMs), a normal functional allele and a nonfunctional allele in intermediate metabolizers and two nonfunctional alleles in poor metabolizers.

Associations between CAG repeat size, brain and spinal cord volume loss, and motor symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: a cohort study.

Background: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a hereditary disease caused by abnormally expanded CAG repeats in the ATXN3 gene. The study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for assessing therapeutic efficacy by investigating the associations between expanded CAG repeat size, brain and spinal cord volume loss, and motor functions in patients with SCA3.

Methods: In this prospective, cross-observational study, we analyzed 3D T1-weighted MRIs from 92 patients with SCA3 and 42 healthy controls using voxel-based morphometry and region of interest approaches.

The effectiveness of randomized controlled psychosocial interventions on body image among nonclinical women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Women are vulnerable to body image disturbances, prompting numerous interventions to improve their body image. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis of such interventions is lacking. This study reviewed interventions designed to enhance body image among nonclinical women and quantified their effectiveness.

Proliferative potential and angiogenic characteristics of blood outgrowth endothelial cells derived from middle-aged and older adults.

Objectives: Autologous blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) have been proposed to induce therapeutic angiogenesis for treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the proliferative potential and angiogenic characteristics of BOECs among middle-aged and older adults, the population particularly susceptible to CVDs.

Methods: BOECs were isolated from 48 peripheral blood samples of subjects aged 56 ± 4 years.

An acridone based fluorescent dye for lipid droplet tracking and cancer diagnosis.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are spherical organelles that localize in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Different proteins are embedded on the surface of LDs, so LDs play a vital role in the physiological activities of cells. The dysregulation of LDs is associated with various human diseases, such as diabetes and obesity.

A Novel Grading System for Diffuse Chorioretinal Atrophy in Pathologic Myopia.

Introduction: This study aims to quantitatively assess diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (DCA) in pathologic myopia and establish a standardized classification system utilizing artificial intelligence.

Methods: A total of 202 patients underwent comprehensive examinations, and 338 eyes were included in the study. The methodology involved image preprocessing, sample labeling, employing deep learning segmentation models, measuring and calculating the area and density of DCA lesions.

Fundus Tessellated Density of Pathologic Myopia.

Purpose: The study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the fundus tessellated density (FTD) in different categories of pathologic myopia (PM) using fundus photographs with the application of artificial intelligence.

Methods: A retrospective review of 407 PM (META-PM, Category 2-Category 4) eyes was conducted, employing a biomimetic mechanism of human vision and integrated image processing technologies for FTD extraction and calculation. Different regions of interest were analyzed, including circle O4.

Cognitive impairment associated with cerebellar volume loss in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.

Background: Many neuroscience and neurology studies have forced a reconsideration of the traditional motor-related scope of cerebellar function, which has now expanded to include various cognitive functions. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3; the most common hereditary ataxia) is neuropathologically characterized by cerebellar atrophy and frequently presents with cognitive impairment.

Objective: To characterize cognitive impairment in SCA3 and investigate the cerebellum-cognition associations.

Clinical Features of Fundus Tessellation and Its Relationship with Myopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: This study aims to assess the existing literature on fundus tessellation (FT), focusing on its prevalence, associated factors, distribution, and progression.

Methods: Systemic methods were employed to search and gather published literature on FT from databases such as the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Web of Science (WOS), and Elsevier on July 1, 2023. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) criteria.

Illness anxiety, infertility stress, resilience and thyroid-stimulating hormone among infertile people undergoing ART treatment in China.

Objective: Infertile people undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in China may experience severe infertility-related stress and illness anxiety (IA). However, little relevant research has been conducted until now.

Design: This study investigated the IA of 340 infertile people undergoing ART treatment, including 43 males, 292 females and 5 who preferred not to answer, in 2 tertiary general public hospitals in Wen Zhou, China.

Association of lung-intestinal microecology and lung cancer therapy.

In recent years, the incidence of lung cancer is increasing. Lung cancer has become one of the most malignant tumors with the highest incidence in the world, which seriously affects people's health. The most important cause of death of lung cancer is metastasis.

Nivolumab and relatlimab for the treatment of melanoma.

Melanoma is a highly lethal type of skin cancer. Although an early diagnosis, in combination with surgery for nonmetastatic melanomas, significantly increases the probability of survival, there are no efficacious treatments for metastatic melanoma. Nivolumab and relatlimab are monoclonal antibodies that selectively interact with and block the proteins programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation protein 3 (LAG-3), respectively, and thus, their activation by their cognate ligands.

CAR T cells: engineered immune cells to treat brain cancers and beyond.

Malignant brain tumors rank among the most challenging type of malignancies to manage. The current treatment protocol commonly entails surgery followed by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, however, the median patient survival rate is poor. Recent developments in immunotherapy for a variety of tumor types spark optimism that immunological strategies may help patients with brain cancer.

[Statolith microstructure and growth characteristics of in the northwest Indian Ocean].

Statolith is one of the most important hard tissues to study the age, growth, population structure and life history of cephalopods. In order to stuty statolith microstructure and growth characteristics of in the northwest Indian Ocean, 1009 samples were collected by Chinese light falling-net fishery fleets during investigation and production in the northwest Indian Ocean from February to May of 2019. Total statolith length (TSL), lateral dome length (LDL), wing length (WL) and maximum width (MW) were taken as the indicators of morphological feature of the statolith, combined with the age data, the statolith microstructure and growth characteristics of were studied.

Association between malnutrition risk and hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Background And Aims: Malnutrition is a prevalent problem occurring in different diseases. Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a severe complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Few studies have evaluated the association between malnutrition risk and hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute stroke.

[Distribution of surface components in spray-dried powder of binary system of berberine hydrochloride and dextran based on hydrodynamic size].

The present study explored the correlation between the hydrodynamic size(i.e., hydrated particle size) and the surface component distribution of spray-dried powder based on the binary system model of berberine hydrochloride and dextran.

Objectification and ambiguity of body image in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A mixed-method study.

Background: The manifestations of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), including acne, hirsutism, obesity, uncertain fertility, etc., can make women anxious, worried, or even depressed with their appearance and body. However, little relevant research has been conducted in the Chinese context.

Microbiota in health and diseases.

The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, microbiota can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota. The microbial communities are in symbiosis with the host, contributing to homeostasis and regulating immune function.