Nanomedicines for the treatment of genitourinary neoplasms.

Genitourinary neoplasms, accounting for 20-25 % of all malignant tumors, are associated with high mortality rates and pose significant challenges to clinical treatment. Especially for young patients who have reproductive demands, pharmacotherapy is a promising non-surgical strategy to improve the survival rate and quality of life. However, the distinctive interface between physiological milieu complicates effective drug delivery.

Temporal Trend Analysis of Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter Disease Burden in High-Income Countries Between 1990 and 2021.

Background: Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (AF/AFL) disease is a common arrhythmia that poses a significant health risk to the older population. With an aging population worldwide, the incidence and mortality rates of AF/AFL show notable gender differences, presenting a challenge to public health systems. This study focused on the AF/AFL disease burden trends in high-income European Union 15+ (EU15+) countries.

Accelerating Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia via Metal-Support Interactions in Ni-WS Catalysts.

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) is a promising route for both treating NO-containing wastewater and enabling sustainable ammonia (NH) synthesis. While two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) catalysts have been widely investigated as catalysts in various electrocatalytic reactions, their practical application in NORR remains hindered by inherently sluggish kinetics and insufficient stability. Metal-support interaction (MSI), which enhances charge transfer and stabilizes catalytic sites, offers a compelling strategy to address these challenges.

Genetically encoded biosensor for monitoring spatiotemporal dynamics of CCR2 ligands in culture and in vivo.

Chemokines regulate immune cell migration in development, homeostasis and inflammation, but the precise spatiotemporal pattern of chemokine release in vivo remains elusive due to the constraints of existing detection methodologies. Here, we report the engineering and characterization of a genetically encoded green fluorescent chemokine sensor, named CRAFi-CCR2, which utilizes the CCR2 receptor as a sensing moiety. In astrocytes, hCRAFi-CCR2, derived from the human CCR2B receptor, exhibited ~300% increase in fluorescence in response to mCCL2, with nanomolar affinity (2.

Gut symbiotic bacteria enhance reproduction in Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) by regulating juvenile hormone III and 20-hydroxyecdysone pathways.

Background: The insect gut microbiota forms a complex, multifunctional system that significantly affects phenotypic traits linked to environmental adaptation. Strong reproductive potential underpins the migratory success, population growth and destructive impact of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.

Prominent supramolecular systems for cancer Therapy: From structural design to tailored applications.

Supramolecular materials represent a powerful class of platforms in cancer diagnosis and therapy, owing to their dynamic architectures, stimuli responsiveness, and high biocompatibility. This review focused on three representative categories-Pillarene-based systems, virus-mimetic nanoparticles (VMNs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-each offering unique structural and functional properties. Pillarene-based assemblies enable precise host-guest interactions, by being classified into amphiphilic, ionic, and chiral varieties, the robust drug loading and controlled release capabilities of the Pillarene family were emphasized.

Federated Aggregation With Interlayer Personalized Contribution: Preference-Based Optimization Between Performance and Privacy.

Currently, due to the different distribution of data for each user, many personalized federated learning (PFL) methods have emerged to meet the personalized needs of different users. However, existing methods have two problems: 1) in the aggregation process, the contribution between the internal layers of the client model is not considered and 2) it is difficult to match the quantitative weight information of both user privacy protection and performance with their qualitative preferences during the training process. Therefore, we first propose a framework for federated aggregation with interlayer personalized contribution named FedIPC, which completes model aggregation based on the contribution of internal layers and improves client model performance.

A sensitive soma-localized red fluorescent calcium indicator for in vivo imaging of neuronal populations at single-cell resolution.

Recent advancements in genetically encoded calcium indicators, particularly those based on green fluorescent proteins, have optimized their performance for monitoring neuronal activities in a variety of model organisms. However, progress in developing red-shifted GECIs, despite their advantages over green indicators, has been slower, resulting in fewer options for end users. In this study, we explored topological inversion and soma-targeting strategies, which are complementary to conventional mutagenesis, to re-engineer a red genetically encoded calcium indicator, FRCaMP, for enhanced in vivo performance.

Angiogenesis, signaling pathways, and animal models.

The vasculature plays a critical role in homeostasis and health as well as in the development and progression of a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases (and their complications), chronic inflammatory diseases, ophthalmic diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. As such, the growth of the vasculature mediates normal development and physiology, as well as disease, when pathologically induced vessels are morphologically and functionally altered owing to an imbalance of angiogenesis-stimulating and angiogenesis-inhibiting factors. This review offers an overview of the angiogenic process and discusses recent findings that provide additional interesting nuances to this process, including the roles of intussusception and angiovasculogenesis, which may hold promise for future therapeutic interventions.

A Sensitive Soma-localized Red Fluorescent Calcium Indicator for Multi-Modality Imaging of Neuronal Populations In Vivo.

Recent advancements in genetically encoded calcium indicators, particularly those based on green fluorescent proteins, have optimized their performance for monitoring neuronal activities in a variety of model organisms. However, progress in developing red-shifted GECIs, despite their advantages over green indicators, has been slower, resulting in fewer options for end-users. In this study, we explored topological inversion and soma-targeting strategies, which are complementary to conventional mutagenesis, to re-engineer a red genetically encoded calcium indicator, FRCaMP, for enhanced performance.

Utilisation of Peplau's Interpersonal Relationship Theory in Nursing Enhances the Recovery Outcomes of Patients with Renal Cancer Undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy.

Background: Patients undergoing laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) for renal cancer face multifaceted challenges that can affect their physical, psychological, and emotional well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nursing based on Peplau's theory on the recovery outcomes of patients treated with LRN for renal cancer, focusing on their nutritional status, spiritual well-being, and quality of life (QOL) after the surgical procedure.

Methods: A total of 148 patients with renal cancer who underwent LRN at our hospital between January 2023 and January 2024 were initially selected and grouped according to the type of postoperative nursing approach.

Aerobic exercise prevents renal osteodystrophy via irisin-activated osteoblasts.

Renal osteodystrophy is commonly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to disrupted mineral homeostasis. Given the impaired renal function in these patients, common antiresorptive agents, including bisphosphonates, must be used with caution or even contraindicated. Therefore, an alternative therapy without renal burden to combat renal osteodystrophy is urgently needed.

Development and reproduction of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on the 3 artificial diets in the laboratory.

Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a major pest of many fruit trees. The large-scale artificial propagation technology of the insect is the basis for the field application of the sterile insect technique and biological control products based on host mass reproduction. However, a low-cost diet with easily accessible materials remains lacking.

[Anti-tumor therapy strategy of CAR-T cells based on stem cell memory and central memory cells].

Cancer immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy has gained revolutionary success in the treatment of hematologic tumors; however, it only gains limited success in solid tumors. For example, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has shown significant effects and potential for curing patients with B-cell malignancies. In contrast, it remains a challenge for CAR-T cell therapy to gain similar success in solid tumors.

Enhancing nitrogen removal in combined sewage overflows by using bio-fluidized bed with ceramic waste powder carriers: effects and mechanisms.

Micron-size ceramic waste powder (< 75 μm and 75-150 μm) was used as the carrier in a high-concentration powder carrier bio-fluidized bed (HPB) to treat simulated overflow sewage (CSOs). The sludge extracellular polymers (EPS), electron transfer capacity of EPS, nitrogen removal pathways, and microbiological characteristics were analyzed to gain insights into the nitrogen removal pathways and mechanisms. The results showed that only the effluent from the HPB (< 75 μm) could meet the stringent pollutant discharge standards in China of 50 mg/L for COD and 15 mg/L for total nitrogen from beginning to end.

The evaluation on control potential using X-ray to irradiate adult Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Background: The sterile insect technique (SIT), involving the rearing of larvae for pupation followed by irradiating pupae, is employed for environmentally friendly invasive pest management. Despite its effectiveness, the cost of pupae production poses challenges for small farmers in developing countries. Alternatively, utilizing insect trapping techniques can capture abundant adult insects in their natural habitats, but application potential of adult SIT approach remains unclear.

The Relationship between Negative Emotions and Atrial Fibrillation: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: The relationship between negative emotions and atrial fibrillation (AF) has garnered significant attention, yet observational studies have yielded contradictory findings regarding the causal associations between the two. Our study sought to provide genetic evidence for a causal relationship between negative emotions and AF through Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods: Utilizing genetic variations associated with negative emotions and AF as instrumental variables (IVs), a two-sample MR study was implemented.

Effects of a Remote Multimodal Psychoeducational Intervention Nursing Program on Mental Health and Quality of Life of Renal Cell Carcinoma Survivors: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Undergoing surgery for renal cell carcinoma can potentially compromise the mental well-being and overall quality of life of survivors. Long-term psychological education interventions that are delivered remotely through various modalities have shown promise in enhancing the psychological well-being and quality of life of cancer patients. This study investigates the effect of remote multimodal psychoeducational interventions on mental well-being and quality of life of renal cell carcinoma survivors.

An Internal Marking Method for Adult Smith Using an Artificial Diet Containing Calco Oil Red N-1700.

As a migratory invasive pest, (fall armyworm, FAW) has recently posed a serious threat to food security in newly invaded areas (especially in Africa and Asia). Understanding its migration (or dispersal) patterns in newly invaded areas is crucial for regional forecasting and management efforts. By screening an appropriate marking technique to conduct mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiments, the migration patterns of the FAW can be effectively studied.

40 Hz light flickering facilitates the glymphatic flow via adenosine signaling in mice.

The glymphatic-lymphatic system is increasingly recognized as fundamental for the homeostasis of the brain milieu since it defines cerebral spinal fluid flow in the brain parenchyma and eliminates metabolic waste. Animal and human studies have uncovered several important physiological factors regulating the glymphatic system including sleep, aquaporin-4, and hemodynamic factors. Yet, our understanding of the modulation of the glymphatic system is limited, which has hindered the development of glymphatic-based treatment for aging and neurodegenerative disorders.

Tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy.

Anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs), which mainly target the vascular endothelial growth factor-A signaling pathway, have become a therapeutic option for cancer patients for two decades. During this period, tremendous clinical experience of anti-angiogenic therapy has been acquired, new AADs have been developed, and the clinical indications for AAD treatment of various cancers have been expanded using monotherapy and combination therapy. However, improvements in the therapeutic outcomes of clinically available AADs and the development of more effective next-generation AADs are still urgently required.

Effective Prevention and Treatment of Acute Leukemias in Mice by Activation of Thermogenic Adipose Tissues.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are common hematological malignancies in adults. Despite considerable research advances, the development of standard therapies, supportive care, and prognosis for the majority of AML and ALL patients remains poor and the development of new effective therapy is urgently needed. Here, it is reported that activation of thermogenic adipose tissues (TATs) by cold exposure or β3-adrenergic receptor agonists markedly alleviated the development and progression of AML and ALL in mouse leukemia models.

Identifying determinants of spatial agglomeration of healthcare resources by using spatial econometric methods: a longitudinal study in China.

Background: Healthcare resources are necessary for individuals to maintain their health. The Chinese government has implemented policies to optimize the allocation of healthcare resources and achieve the goal of equality in healthcare for the Chinese people since the implementation of the new medical reform in 2009. Given that no study has investigated regional differences from the perspective of healthcare resource agglomeration, this study aimed to investigate China's healthcare agglomeration from 2009 to 2017 in China and identify its determinants to provide theoretical evidence for the government to develop and implement scientific and rational healthcare policies.