Chemical constituents from the stem of .

A new biphenyl compound: 5-aldehyde-4'-hydroxy-2,2'-dimethoxybiphenyl (), along with 11 known phenolic compounds () were isolated from the stem of Linn. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, including MS, UV, IR, 1 D and 2 D NMR. Compounds and showed weakly cytotoxicity against MCF-7, with IC values of 32.

Nicotine depresses facial stimulation-evoked molecular layer interneuron-Purkinje cell synaptic transmission via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mouse cerebellar cortex.

Nicotine modulates cerebellar physiology function by interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and is involved in modulation of cerebellar cortical circuitry functions. Here, we investigated the effect of nicotine on sensory stimulation-evoked molecular layer interneuron-Purkinje cell (MLI-PC) synaptic transmission mouse cerebellar cortex using in vivo cell-attached recording technique and pharmacological methods. The results show that micro-application of nicotine to the cerebellar molecular layer significantly decreased sensory stimulation-evoked MLI-PC synaptic transmission in mouse cerebellar cortex.

A new isoflavone from the fruits of and its antibacterial activity.

A new isoflavone ()-5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-[3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butenyl] isoflavone () together with seven known isoflavones () were isolated from the fruits of the . Their structures were established on the basis of 1 D, 2 D-NMR spectroscopic data and HR-ESI-MS analysis. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against five pathogenic bacteria .

Phenolic glycosides from the stems of Homalium stenophyllum.

The phytochemical investigation of the stems of Homalium stenophyllum afforded seven new phenolic glycosides (1-5 and 8-9) and two known compounds (6 and 7). Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of NMR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric data and chemical hydrolysis. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory activities against the NO production in LPS-induced macrophages were evaluated.

One new piperazinedione isolated from a mangrove-derived fungus JX-5.

One new piperazinedione derivative, nigerpiperazine A (), along with six known compounds () were isolated from the fungus JX-5 from mangrove . Nigerpiperazine A () was elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and C NMR chemical shift calculations, compounds and were determined by X-ray and the CD spectra. The absolute configuration of was identified by X-ray for the first time.

A conceptual framework to untangle the concept of urban ecosystem services.

Urban ecosystem service (UES) is becoming an influential concept to guide the planning, design, and management of urban landscapes towards urban sustainability. However, its use is hindered by definitional ambiguity, and the conceptual bases underpinning its application remain weak. This is exemplified by two different but equally valid interpretations of UES: "urban ", referring to ecosystem services from analogs of natural and semi-natural ecosystems within urban boundaries, and " services", a much broader term that includes the former group as well as urban services in a city.

Social media, nature, and life satisfaction: global evidence of the biophilia hypothesis.

Humans may have evolved a need to connect with nature, and nature provides substantial cultural and social values to humans. However, quantifying the connection between humans and nature at a global scale remains challenging. We lack answers to fundamental questions: how do humans experience nature in different contexts (daily routines, fun activities, weddings, honeymoons, other celebrations, and vacations) and how do nature experiences differ across countries? We answer these questions by coupling social media and artificial intelligence using 31,534 social media photographs across 185 countries.

Using social media user attributes to understand human-environment interactions at urban parks.

Urban parks and green spaces are among the few places where city dwellers can have regular contact with nature and engage in outdoor recreation. Social media data provide opportunities to understand such human-environment interactions. While studies have demonstrated that geo-located photographs are useful indicators of recreation across different spaces, recreation behaviour also varies between different groups of people.

Three new methylated Δ-pregnene steroids from the Polyalthia laui-derived fungus Stemphylium sp. AZGP4-2.

Three new methylated Δ-pregnene steroids, stemphylisteroids A-C (1-3) were isolated from the medicinal plant Polyalthia laui-derived fungus Stemphylium sp. AZGP4-2. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data.

Four New Chromone Derivatives from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

Four previously unreported chromones, 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-8-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one (1), (5R,7S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-propyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-4-one (2), (5R,7S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-4-one (3), and (5R,7S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-[(E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-4-one (4), as well as one known analogue 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one (5) were isolated from the fermentation broth of the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides derived from the mangrove Ceriops tagal. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of 2-4 were determined by comparison the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.

Two new cephalochromin derivative from the sp. ZG22.

Two new cephalochromin derivatives, prenylcephalochromin A (), prenylcephalochromin B (), along with cephalochromin () were isolated from the sp. ZG22 obtained from a collected from the Hainan. The structures of two new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods.

Aristololactam alkaloids from the roots of .

A novel aristololactam alkaloid, dasymalactam A (), together with nine known analogues (), were isolated from the roots of . Their structures were elucidated by IR, NMR and MS spectrums and comparisons with data reported in the literature. All compounds demonstrated weak cytotoxicity against Hela, MCF-7, A-549, MGC-803, and COLO-205 human cancer cell lines.

Particulate matter mitigation via plants: Understanding complex relationships with leaf traits.

Elevated levels of airborne particulate matter (PM) pose health risks to populations living in many cities worldwide. To remediate the impact of air pollution, urban greening has been increasingly explored as a possible way to remove PM from the surroundings. However, existing research focuses mainly on species-specific assessments within temperate climates that may not necessarily grow outside of their local regions.

Three new polyketides from a mangrove-derived fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

Three new polyketides, (2S)-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (1), (2'R)-2-(2'-hydroxypropyl)-4-methoxyl-1,3-benzenediol (2), and 4-ethyl-3-hydroxy-6-propenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (3) were isolated from the culture broth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, an endophytic fungus derived from the mangrove Ceriops tagal. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectra and HR-ESI-MS data. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparing with the experimental and calculated ECD spectrum.

3,4- seco-Norclerodane Diterpenoids from the Roots of Polyalthia laui.

Ten new clerodane diterpenoids, polylauioids A-J (1-10), and five known analogues (11-15) were isolated from the roots of Polyalthia laui. Among the new compounds, 3 and 8 are artifacts. The structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and by comparison with published NMR spectroscopic data.

One new Lignan derivative from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lipsiense.

One new lignan derivative 2,3-dimethyl-4-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-naphthalene (), together with four known analogues (), were isolated from acetone extract of the fruiting bodies of collected in the Hainan Province, China. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. Compound showed insecticidal activity against newly hatched karvae of .

Suppression of SMOC2 reduces bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibition of TGF-β1/SMADs pathway.

Although the initiation and modulation of lung fibrosis has been widely investigated, the pathogenesis was not well understood. Secreted modular calcium-binding protein 2 (SMOC2) as the secreted protein acidic is enriched in cysteine (SPARC) family of matricellular proteins, which are important in regulating cell-matrix interactions. Here we aimed to calculate the effects and molecular mechanism of SMOC2 on the progression and severity of lung fibrosis in murine bleomycin (BLM)-induced mice.

Furofuran lignans and alkaloids from Clinacanthus nutans.

One new furofuran lignan 2-methoxy-9β-hydroxydiasesamin (1), and four analogues (2-5), together with eight alkaloids (6-13), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the aerial part of Clinacanthus nutans. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. All the compounds were isolated from the genus of Clinacanthus for the first time.

A new norisoprenoid from the leaves of Ficus pumila.

One new norisoprenoid 3,9-dihydroxy dihydro actinidiolide (1), together with eleven known compounds (2-12), were isolated from ethanol extract of the leaves of Ficus pumila collected in Hainan Province, China. Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 and 10-12 were isolated from the F.

A new morphinandienone alkaloid from the stems of Fissistigma tungfangense.

A new morphinandienone alkaloid, fissistigmine A (1), together with three known alkaloids (2-4), were isolated and identified from the stems of Fissistigma tungfangense. Among them, fissistigmine A (1) represents the first example of a novel naturally occurring morphinandienone alkaloid with a unique cleavage of the C-9-N-17 bond. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities via examining their anti-proliferative effects on synoviocytes in vitro.

Bioactive Phenolic and Isocoumarin Glycosides from the Stems of Homalium paniculiflorum.

Two new phenolic glycosides ( and ) and two new isocoumarin glycosides ( and ), along with 14 known compounds (-), were isolated from the stems of . Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. All new compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities via examining the inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse macrophage RAW 264.

Biologically active oligostilbenes from the stems of and chemotaxonomic significance.

Phytochemical investigation of the stems of (Dipterocarpaceae) led to the isolation and structural elucidation of twenty-seven oligostilbenes (), including a new natural compound . The structure of was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including NMR, MS and ECD data, and the known compounds were identified by comparisons with those reported in the literature. The absolute configuration of was first time determined by a combination of NOESY spectrum and quantum chemical computation.

Eudesmanolides and Other Constituents from the Flowers of Wedelia trilobata.

Two eudesmane sesquiterpene lactones, wedetrilides B (1) and C (2), along with five known analogues (3 - 8), an ent-kaurane diterpenoid (9), a steroid (10), as well as cinnamic acid derivatives (11 - 13), were isolated from the flowers of Wedelia trilobata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of their NMR data with those of related compounds. Furthermore, the structures of 1 and 3 - 5 were confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analyses.

A new12-membered lactone from the stems of Ficus auriculata.

A new lactone ficusine D (1), together with six known compounds (2-7) were isolated from the stems of the Ficus auriculata. The new compound 1 was a rare 12-membered lactone containing a quinone ring skeleton. The structure of the 1 was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data.