Protocol for the Systematic Quantitative Ultrastructural Analysis of Mitochondria in Cardiac Tissue.

Mitochondria play a crucial role in adapting to fluctuating energy demands, particularly in various heart diseases. In addition to functional analyses such as the measurement of ROS or ATP, analysis of mitochondrial ultrastructure can be used to draw further conclusions about their functions and effects in tissue. In this protocol, we introduce a set of measurements to compare the ultrastructural and functional characteristics of human left ventricular mitochondria, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

RANK-ligand inhibition to combat sarcopenia with underlying osteoporosis: a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled trial.

Background: Sarcopenia is an age-related disease characterized by gradual loss of muscle strength and muscle mass. Osteosarcopenia is the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia, which poses an increased risk of falls and fractures. Currently, there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for treating sarcopenia.

Establishment of Subtrochanteric Fracture in Pre-Clinical Animal Model.

Objective: About 7%-34% of the femur fracture contributes to subtrochanteric fracture, and only very little research is available about these fractures when compared to common hip fractures. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop a clinically relevant and reproducible open fracture model in rabbits at the subtrochanteric region to understand the fracture healing mechanism at this site and to explore treatment effects of biophysical intervention in future studies.

Methods: An open osteotomy was created in 32 adult New Zealand white rabbits at the subtrochanteric region, followed by customized titanium internal fixations.

Exploring motor unit and neuromuscular junction dysfunction in aging and sarcopenia: insights from electromyography in systematic review.

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a vital interface between motor neurons and muscle fibers, and alterations in its structure and function can substantially influence the onset and progression of sarcopenia. Electromyography (EMG) is a critical tool to assess motor unit and NMJ function, providing insights into neuromuscular activation patterns and the integrity of motor unit communication. However, its implications for aging and muscle performance during sarcopenia have not been fully discussed.

An Optimized Ex Vivo Protocol for Quantitative Electrophysiological Assessment of Neuromuscular Junctions and Skeletal Muscle Function Using the Aurora System.

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is critical for muscle function, and its dysfunction underlies conditions such as sarcopenia and motor neuron diseases. Current protocols for assessing NMJ function often lack standardized stimulation parameters, limiting reproducibility. This study presents an optimized ex vivo method to evaluate skeletal muscle and NMJ function using the Aurora Scientific system, incorporating validated stimulation protocols for both nerve and muscle to ensure consistency.

Advances in immune mechanisms and developing immune-targeted therapies for osteoporosis: A systematic review.

Osteoporosis is characterized by the widespread deterioration of bone mass and microarchitecture. It poses an increasingly significant socioeconomic threat in light of the aging population. Emerging research highlights the crucial role played by crosstalk between bone cells and other components in the skeletal system, including immune cells, to maintain bone homeostasis.

A potential novel predictor of 1-year mortality in elderly hip fracture patients-albumin haemoglobin index.

Purpose: Hip fractures in the elderly are associated with high 1-year mortality rates. Identifying reliable prognostic markers is essential for improving outcomes. The albumin haemoglobin index (AHI), previously studied in gastrointestinal surgery, has not been evaluated in hip fracture patients.

Targeting mitochondria in bone and cartilage diseases: A narrative review.

Mitochondria are essential regulators of bone health, controlling cell differentiation, cellular energy production, immune function, osteogenesis, and osteoclast activity. Their dysfunction is linked to orthopedic disorders such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteomyelitis, contributing to impaired bone homeostasis and increased fracture risk. While mitochondrial research has been more advanced in fields such as cardiology and neurology, emerging therapeutic strategies from these areas are beginning to show potential for translation into orthopedics.

Systematic review of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in aging: A focus on neuromuscular junctions.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are widely regarded as primary drivers of aging and are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. The degeneration of motor neurons during aging is a critical pathological factor contributing to the progression of sarcopenia. However, the morphological and functional changes in mitochondria and their interplay in the degeneration of the neuromuscular junction during aging remain poorly understood.

Primary diaphyseal tuberculosis of the tibia, presenting as a pathological fracture - A case report.

Background: Isolated involvement of the shaft of a long bone is a rare presentation of skeletal tuberculosis (TB). To our knowledge, primary skeletal TB of the tibia manifesting as a pathological fracture has not been widely reported. We report a case of primary TB of the right tibia in an immunocompetent 85-year-old woman.

Very high prevalence of osteosarcopenia in hip fracture patients: risk and protective factors.

Background: Hip fractures are one of the most serious forms of osteoporotic fractures. Osteosarcopenia is a growing geriatric giant with increased risk of falls, fractures, disability and mortality. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenia amongst hip fracture patients.

Atypical Femur Fractures-An Analysis of 69 Patients from 15 Years.

: Bisphosphonates are effective in preventing osteoporotic fractures. However, the risk of atypical femur fractures (AFFs) increases with long-term bisphosphonate use. There are few existing publications on the analysis of clinical outcomes of atypical femur fracture cases in Chinese patients.

Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibration Attenuates Sarcopenia by Modulating Mitochondrial Quality Control via Inhibiting miR-378.

Background: Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and muscle strength, significantly contributes to falls, diminished quality of life, and mortality. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly implicated in sarcopenia, the underlying mechanisms are not fully discovered. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV), a recommended treatment by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to reduce fall risk, remains poorly understood of the mechanism on improving skeletal muscle quality.

Vibration therapy as an intervention for trochanteric hip fractures - A randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Hip fractures are one of the most serious forms of fragility fractures. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) is a biophysical intervention that provides non-invasive, systemic mechanical stimulation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the efficacy of LMHFV in trochanteric hip fracture elderly patients to (i) accelerate trochanteric fracture healing and (ii) improve clinical and functional outcomes.

Defective Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Accelerates Skeletal Muscle Aging by Impairing Autophagy/Myogenesis.

Background: Regenerative capacity of skeletal muscles decreases with age. Deficiency in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is associated with skeletal muscle weakness as well as epithelial cell senescence. However, whether and how CFTR plays a role in skeletal muscle regeneration and aging were unclear.

Characterization of LIPUS Parameters Suitable for Hip Bone Fracture.

Objective: To investigate the effects of ultrasound treatment on the healing of hip bone fractures using frequencies of 0.5 MHz and 1.5 MHz with constant intensity (30 mW/cm) at the fractured site.

From Clinical to Benchside: Lacticaseibacillus and Faecalibacterium Are Positively Associated With Muscle Health and Alleviate Age-Related Muscle Disorder.

Sarcopenia is an age-related muscle disorder that increases risks of adverse clinical outcomes, but its treatments are still limited. Gut microbiota is potentially associated with sarcopenia, and its role is still unclear. To investigate the role of gut microbiota in sarcopenia, we first compared gut microbiota and metabolites composition in old participants with or without sarcopenia.

Short-chain fatty acids enhance muscle mass and function through the activation of mTOR signalling pathways in sarcopenic mice.

Background: Sarcopenia is a prevalent muscle disorder in old people leading to higher fracture rate, mortality, and other adverse clinical outcomes. Evidence indicates that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are beneficial gut microbial metabolites, were reduced in old people with sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine whether the use of SCFAs as a supplement can be a therapeutic strategy of sarcopenia in a pre-clinical model.

Multidisciplinary approach and host optimization for fracture-related infection management.

In orthopaedic trauma, fracture-related infections (FRI) are still dreadful challenges that can cause non-union, amputation and even death. Standardization of general treatment strategies for FRI is still lacking. Due to the complexity of FRI, a multidisciplinary approach addressing host status, state of the fracture and causative microorganism has been applied in the management of FRI.

Identification of Osteosarcopenia by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography.

Osteosarcopenia is a prevalent geriatric disease with a significantly increased risk of adverse outcomes than osteoporosis or sarcopenia alone. Identification of older adults with osteosarcopenia using High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (HR-pQCT) could allow better clinical decision making. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of HR-pQCT to differentiate osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and osteosarcopenia in older adults, with a primary outcome to derive a model to distinguish older adults with osteosarcopenia from those with low bone mineral density only, and to examine important HR-pQCT parameters associated with osteosarcopenia.

Treatment effects, adverse outcomes and cardiovascular safety of romosozumab - Existing worldwide data: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Romosozumab is a novel monoclonal antibody that binds to sclerostin, and has dual effects of increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption, giving it a unique mechanism of action. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis based on existing worldwide data on treatment effects and safety of romosozumab in randomized controlled trials.

Methods: A systematic search was carried out on four databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL).

Harnessing immunomodulation to combat sarcopenia: current insights and possible approaches.

Sarcopenia is a complex age-associated syndrome of progressive loss of muscle mass and strength. Although this condition is influenced by many factors, age-related changes in immune function including immune cell dynamics, and chronic inflammation contribute to its progression. The complex interplay between the immune system, gut-muscle axis, and autophagy further underscores their important roles in sarcopenia pathogenesis.

Application of image recognition-based tracker-less augmented reality navigation system in a series of sawbone trials.

Background: This study introduced an Augmented Reality (AR) navigation system to address limitations in conventional high tibial osteotomy (HTO). The objective was to enhance precision and efficiency in HTO procedures, overcoming challenges such as inconsistent postoperative alignment and potential neurovascular damage.

Methods: The AR-MR (Mixed Reality) navigation system, comprising HoloLens, Unity Engine, and Vuforia software, was employed for pre-clinical trials using tibial sawbone models.