Sequential HPV16 variant infections in the genital epithelium and anal canal of men.

This study aimed to assess HPV16 variant period prevalence and sequential acquisition at genital and anal sites in men from the USA and Latin America, using data from the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study cohort. Among 635 men with genital and 115 with anal HPV16, 53 men tested positive for any HPV16 variant at both sites, and HPV16 A1 was most prevalent at both sites, more so at the anal canal. Sequential acquisition of HPV16 A1 occurred in 30.

Design of a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase III trial evaluating the 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to prevent persistent oral HPV infection in men living with human immunodeficiency virus: ULACNet trial 201.

HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has increased significantly among men, especially among men living with HIV. HPV vaccines have proven efficacy in preventing persistent anogenital HPV infections. However, less is known regarding vaccine efficacy against persistent oral HPV infection, the obligate precursor of OPSCC.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analyses reveal tumor heterogeneity and immune remodeling involved in pituitary neuroendocrine tumor progression.

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) can be invasive or aggressive, yet the mechanisms behind these behaviors remain poorly understood, impeding treatment advancements. Here, we integrat single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, analyzing over 177,000 cells and 35,000 spots across 57 tissue samples. This comprehensive approach facilitates the identification of PitNETs tumor populations and characterizes the reconfiguration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as PitNETs progress and invade.

Isolated Limb Infusion/Perfusion for Unresectable Acral Versus Non-Acral Melanoma In-Transit Metastases.

Background: Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) has a worse prognosis than non-ALM subtypes and poorly understood genetic profile, limiting therapy options. This study compares outcomes of isolated limb infusion or perfusion (ILI/ILP) in patients with ALM or non-ALM.

Methods: A multi-institution retrospective review including patients with unresectable melanoma in-transit metastases (ITM) treated with ILI/ILP from 2002 to 2023.

Isolated Limb Infusion or Perfusion as First-Line Versus Second-Line Therapy for In-Transit Metastatic Melanoma.

Background: In-transit metastases (ITM) develops in 10% of patients with high-risk melanoma. Isolated limb infusion and perfusion (ILI/ILP) are well-established therapies for ITM, but the ideal line of therapy has not been defined. This study compared ILI/ILP as first- versus second-line therapy.

Influence of Coping, Esteem, and Resilience on Caregiver Distress in Pancreatic Cancer Patient-Caregiver Dyads.

Through survey and analysis of pancreas cancer patient-caregiver dyads, we aimed to identify patient and caregiver characteristics that influence and determine the impact of caregiver coping strategies, self-esteem, and resilience on caregiver distress. This was a cross-sectional, observational study including pancreatic cancer patients and their caregivers. Demographics of patients and caregivers were collected.

Isolated Limb Infusion as First, Second, or Third or Later-Line Therapy for Metastatic In-Transit Melanoma.

Background: Ten percent of patients with melanoma develop in-transit metastases (ITM). Isolated limb infusion (ILI) is a well-established therapy for unresectable ITM on the extremities, but the ideal sequencing/line of therapy of ILI has not been defined. This study evaluates ILI as first-line, second-line, or third or later-line therapy.

Multinational epidemiological analysis of oral human papillomavirus incidence in 3,137 men.

Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Although OPC incidence is increasing globally, knowledge of oral HPV infection rates is limited. Here we carried out an observational epidemiological analysis of oral HPV incidence in 3,137 men enrolled from the United States, Mexico and Brazil between 2005 and 2009.

Household Dependence on Forest Resources in the Luki Biosphere Reserve, Democratic Republic of CONGO.

This study was aimed at examining the contribution of forest products to rural livelihoods and the socio-economic factors that influence household forest dependence in the Luki Biosphere Reserve. A structured questionnaire poll of 193 households randomly chosen from two enclaves in the Luki Biosphere Reserve, and focus group discussions were used to gather the data. For data analysis, a binary logistic regression model was used.

The influence of stress on mental health among Chinese college students: The moderating role of psychological suzhi.

Depending on its duration, stress can be divided into chronic and acute stress, both of which can be detrimental to an individual's mental health. Psychological suzhi may act as a protective factor that buffers the adverse effects of stress. This study aimed to explore the moderating role of psychological suzhi in the relationship between these two types of stress and mental health based on a dual-factor model of mental health.

Monomodular and multifunctional processive endocellulases: implications for swine nutrition and gut microbiome.

Poor efficiency of dietary fibre utilization not only limits global pork production profit margin but also adversely affects utilization of various dietary nutrients. Poor efficiency of dietary nutrient utilization further leads to excessive excretion of swine manure nutrients and results in environmental impacts of emission of major greenhouse gases (GHG), odor, nitrate leaching and surface-water eutrophication. Emission of the major GHG from intensive pork production contributes to global warming and deteriorates heat stress to pigs in tropical and sub-tropical swine production.

Factors associated with prior completion of colorectal cancer and hepatitis C virus screenings among community health center patients: a cross-sectional study to inform a multi-behavioral educational intervention.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) and liver cancer are two of the leading causes of cancer death in the United States and persistent disparities in CRC and liver cancer incidence and outcomes exist. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the main contributors to liver cancer. Effective screening for both CRC and HCV exist and are recommended for individuals based upon age, regardless of gender or sex assigned at birth.

Effectiveness of perioperative chemotherapy and radical cystectomy in treating bladder cancer.

Background: Despite abundant evidence supporting the use of perioperative chemotherapy from clinical trials, no study to date has comprehensively evaluated its use in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in the real-world setting. Little is known regarding the impact of pretreatment disease stage and real-world factors such as patient comorbidities preventing timely completion of therapy on its effectiveness. This study aims to assess the usage of perioperative chemotherapy and examines its impact on pathologic downstaging rates and recurrence free survival in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.

Collagen 1-mediated CXCL1 secretion in tumor cells activates fibroblasts to promote radioresistance of esophageal cancer.

Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is commonly treated with radiotherapy; however, radioresistance hinders its clinical effectiveness, and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we develop patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from 19 patients with ESCC to investigate the mechanisms driving radioresistance. Using RNA sequencing, cytokine arrays, and single-cell RNA sequencing, we reveal an enrichment of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-derived collagen type 1 (Col1) and tumor-cell-derived CXCL1 in non-responsive PDXs.

Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.

Context: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could induce the "cytokine storm" due to overactivation of immune system and accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome as a serious complication. Vitamin C has been effective in improving lung function of patients by reducing inflammation.

Objective: The aim was to explore the therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation for patients with COVID-19 using meta-analysis.

Sociocultural factors associated with physical activity in Black prostate cancer survivors.

Purpose: Prostate cancer disproportionately affects Black men. Physical activity protects long-term health and quality of life outcomes in prostate cancer survivors. This study aimed to identify sociocultural factors related to physical activity among Black prostate cancer survivors to inform culturally tailored intervention development.

The intratumor microbiome is associated with microsatellite instability.

Intratumoral microbes may have multifunctional roles in carcinogenesis. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is associated with higher tumor immunity and mutational burden. Using whole transcriptome and whole genome sequencing microbial abundance data, we investigated associations of intratumoral microbes with MSI, survival, and MSI-relevant tumor molecular characteristics across multiple cancer types including colorectal cancer (CRC), stomach adenocarcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma.

Spatial scale applicability of 4-Scale geometrical optics model canopy reflectance simulation.

Accurately clarifying the applicable spatial scale of 4-Scale model is conducive to improving the accuracy of its application in canopy reflectance simulation of different vegetation types, and to further improving the inversion accuracy of leaf area index, canopy density, and other parameters. Two forest plots (one for broad-leaved forest and one for mixed forest) with each area of 100 m×100 m in Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm, Shangzhi, Heilongjiang, were divided into the spatial scales of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 m, respectively. The 4-Scale model was used to simulate forest canopy reflectance.

Delineation of clinical course, outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare, post-thymic T-cell neoplasm with a diverse clinical course. T-PLL is typically associated with a poor prognosis; however, a subset of patients have inactive disease on initial presentation. There is a lack of accurate delineation of the disease based on initial clinical presentation and pathological assessment, hindering clinical decision-making.

Epithelial cells activate fibroblasts to promote esophageal cancer development.

Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) develops through multistage epithelial cancer formation, i.e., from normal epithelium, low- and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive carcinoma.

Patient-caregiver dyads in pancreatic cancer: identification of patient and caregiver factors associated with caregiver well-being.

We aimed to examine the psychosocial well-being in the pancreas cancer patient-caregiver dyad, and determine patient and caregiver characteristics that predict caregiver distress. This was a cross-sectional, observational study. Demographics and caregiving characteristics were gathered from patients and caregivers.