Optimizing extracellular matrix for endothelial differentiation using a design of experiments approach.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a vital role in stem cell differentiation to endothelial cells in vivo and is also important for the specification of endothelial cells in vitro. Individual ECM components have previously been shown to support endothelial differentiation; here, we use a Design of Experiments approach to optimize ECM composition to more effectively drive endothelial differentiation. We found that a combination of Collagen I, Collagen IV, and Laminin 411 could induce endothelial differentiation well beyond that found with Matrigel, the most commonly used differentiation substrate for endothelial cells.

The Yin and Yang of replicative aging and rejuvenation.

Budding yeast undergoes replicative aging through asymmetric cell divisions. Yeast mother cells progressively age as they generate successive daughter cells, until they ultimately die. However, their daughters are born rejuvenated, that is, most of them recover a full lifespan potential, with little impact of their mothers' age at their birth.

Adaptive fluoride removal across concentration scales: Potential roles of microbial and acicular gypsum interactions in nitrogen and phosphate cycling.

Fluoride contamination in groundwater is a critical environmental and public health concern. Traditional remediation methods, including chemical precipitation and adsorption, are hindered by low nucleation efficiency at low fluoride concentrations and severe microbial inhibition under high fluoride stress. This study introduces an adaptive two-stage remediation system that synergistically integrates abiotic and biotic mechanisms to achieve effective fluoride removal across concentration scales.

Toward robust and reproducible pluripotent stem cell expansion in bioprinted GelMA constructs.

Combining the technologies of 3D bioprinting and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has allowed for the creation of tissues with organ-level function in the lab, a promising technique for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Expanding the stem cells in bioprinted tissues prior to differentiation allows for high cell density, which is important for the formation of cell-cell junctions necessary for macroscale function upon differentiation. Yet, stem cell expansion, critical to successful differentiation, depends heavily on the composition of the bioprinted scaffold.

Association between post-arrest 12-lead electrocardiographic features and neurologically intact survival for patients of in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) may provide prognostic information for in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). This study aimed to identify post-arrest ECG features and their temporal changes associated with IHCA outcomes. This single-center retrospective study included patients experiencing IHCA between 2005 and 2022.

Gut colonization of suppresses colitis-associated colon cancer development.

Colon cancer development may be initiated by multiple factors, including chronic inflammation, genetic disposition, and gut dysbiosis. The loss of beneficial bacteria and increased abundance of detrimental microbes exacerbates disease progression. () is a human gut microbe, and its colon colonization is enhanced by a seaweed-supplemented diet.

Pre-arrest atrial fibrillation and neurological recovery after cardiac arrest among hospitalized patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke in hospitalized patients with severe sepsis. Post-cardiac arrest patients experience conditions similar to sepsis. This study investigated whether pre-arrest AF is associated with poor neurological recovery following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).

Pyrogenic carbon modulating TCE dehalogenation through snorkeling electrons under sulfate-reducing conditions.

Microbial dehalogenation, using obligate and facultative organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB), has been widely used to remediate halohydrocarbon-polluted sites. Owing to the scarcity of OHRB, and poor efficiency in H-mediating interspecies electron transfer, microbial dehalogenation relying on OHRB is easily disturbed by Fe(III), sulfate, and nitrate as electron competitors. In the present study, pyrogenic carbon, featuring electron snorkeling, was introduced into the process of microbial dehalogenation, which facilitated the electron transfer from electro-active microbes to halohydrocarbon, then invigorating dehalogenation.

Lanthanide Inorganic Nanoparticles Enhance Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles Afterglow Luminescence for In Vivo Afterglow/Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Dual/multimodal imaging strategies are increasingly recognized for their potential to provide comprehensive diagnostic insights in cancer imaging by harnessing complementary data. This study presents an innovative probe that capitalizes on the synergistic benefits of afterglow luminescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), effectively eliminating autofluorescence interference and delivering a superior signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, it facilitates deep tissue penetration and enables noninvasive imaging.

Non-Surgical Strategies for Managing Skeletal Deformities in a Child with X-Linked Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Ricket: Insights and Perspectives.

This case report sheds light on the management of skeletal deformity in a young child with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), emphasizing the significance of a timely orthotic intervention alongside pharmacological treatment, which is a strategy not frequently highlighted in the XLH literature. The patient, a 2-year-and-7-month-old female, presented with classic XLH symptoms, including short stature, pronounced genu varum, and hypophosphatemia, with deformities observed in both the coronal and sagittal planes of the femur and tibia. Despite initial reliance on pharmacotherapy, which proved insufficient for skeletal realignment, the integration of orthotic treatment at age 3 marked a pivotal turn in the management strategy.

Identification of a novel, MSC-induced macrophage subtype via single-cell sequencing: implications for intervertebral disc degeneration therapy.

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common pathological condition associated with low back pain. Recent evidence suggests that mesenchymal signaling cells (MSCs) promote IVD regeneration, but underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. One postulated mechanism is via modulation of macrophage phenotypes.

A novel perfusion bioreactor promotes the expansion of pluripotent stem cells in a 3D-bioprinted tissue chamber.

While the field of tissue engineering has progressed rapidly with the advent of 3D bioprinting and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), impact is limited by a lack of functional, thick tissues. One way around this limitation is to 3D bioprint tissues laden with hiPSCs. In this way, the iPSCs can proliferate to populate the thick tissue mass prior to parenchymal cell specification.

Application of novel nanobubble-contained electrolyzed catalytic water to cleanup petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated soils and groundwater: A pilot-scale and performance evaluation study.

Soil and groundwater contamination caused by petroleum hydrocarbons is a severe environmental problem. In this study, a novel electrolyzed catalytic system (ECS) was developed to produce nanobubble-contained electrolyzed catalytic (NEC) water for the remediation of petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and groundwater. The developed ECS applied high voltage (220 V) with direct current, and titanium electrodes coated with iridium dioxide were used in the system.

Permanganate activation by glucose-derived carbonaceous materials for highly efficient degradation of phenol and p-nitrophenol: Formation of hydroxyl radicals and multiple roles of carbonaceous materials.

Owing to its inertness toward refractory organic pollutants and the release of Mn, the use of permanganate was limited in soil and groundwater remediation. The present study proposed an improvement strategy based on glucose-derived carbonaceous materials, which enhanced the potential of permanganate degrading organic pollutants. The glucose-derived carbonaceous material with 1000 °C charring temperature was named C1000, which was exploited in activating KMnO for the elimination of refractory organic contaminants.

Cleanup of Cr(VI)-polluted groundwater using immobilized bacterial consortia via bioreduction mechanisms.

Cr(VI) bioreduction has become a remedial alternative for Cr(VI)-polluted site cleanup. However, lack of appropriate Cr(VI)-bioreducing bacteria limit the field application of the in situ bioremediation process. In this study, two different immobilized Cr(VI)-bioreducing bacterial consortia using novel immobilization agents have been developed for Cr(VI)-polluted groundwater remediation: (1) granular activated carbon (GAC) + silica gel + Cr(VI)-bioreducing bacterial consortia (GSIB), and (2) GAC + sodium alginate (SA) + polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) + Cr(VI)-bioreducing bacterial consortia (GSPB).

Sialylation of cell surface glycoconjugates modulates cytosolic galectin-mediated responses upon organelle damage : Minireview.

Sialylation is an important terminal modification of glycoconjugates that mediate diverse functions in physiology and disease. In this review we focus on how altered cell surface sialylation status is sensed by cytosolic galectins when the integrity of intracellular vesicles or organelles is compromised to expose luminal glycans to the cytosolic milieu, and how this impacts galectin-mediated cellular responses. In addition, we discuss the roles of mammalian sialidases on the cell surface, in the organelle lumen and cytosol, and raise the possibility that intracellular glycan processing may be critical in controlling various galectin-mediated responses when cells encounter stress.

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Levels on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Liver Morphology in under Cage Culture with Flowing Freshwater.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and liver morphology in under cage culture with flowing freshwater. Fish (initial body weight 25.70 ± 0.

Base-mediated ketenimine formation from -sulfonylthioimidates for the synthesis of 5-amino-1-vinyl/aryl-1,2,3-triazoles.

-Sulfonylthioimidate was converted to ketenimine under basic conditions. The reaction with vinyl/aryl azides was induced to cause dipolar cycloaddition to form 5-amino-1-vinyl/aryl-1,2,3-triazoles. The advantages of this method are high efficiency, structural diversity of products favorable yields and applicability to gram-scale operations.

Multifaceted Sulfone-Carbazole-Based D-A-D Materials: A Blue Fluorescent Emitter as a Host for Phosphorescent OLEDs and Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Up-Conversion Electroluminescence.

Electroluminescence (EL) from the singlet-excited (S) state is the ideal choice for stable, high-performing deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) owing to the advantages of an adequately short radiative lifetime, improved device durability, and low cost, which are the most important criteria for their commercialization. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of three donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D)-configured deep-blue fluorescent materials (denoted as , , and ) composed of a thioxanthone or diphenyl sulfonyl acceptor and phenyl carbazolyl donor. These systems exhibit strong deep-blue photoluminescence (422-432 nm) in solutions and redshifted emission (472-486 nm) in thin films.

Comparison of the Retention Rates of Synthetic and Natural Astaxanthin in Feeds and Their Effects on Pigmentation, Growth, and Health in Rainbow Trout ().

The coloring efficiency and physiological function of astaxanthin in fish vary with its regions. The aim of this study was to compare the retention rates of dietary astaxanthin from different sources and its effects on growth, pigmentation, and physiological function in . Fish were fed astaxanthin-supplemented diets (LP: 0.

Emerging Halide Perovskite Ferroelectrics.

Halide perovskites have gained tremendous attention in the past decade owing to their excellent properties in optoelectronics. Recently, a fascinating property, ferroelectricity, has been discovered in halide perovskites and quickly attracted widespread interest. Compared with traditional perovskite oxide ferroelectrics, halide perovskites display natural advantages such as structural softness, low weight, and easy processing, which are highly desirable in applications pursuing miniaturization and flexibility.

Toxicity determination, pollution source delineation, and microbial diversity evaluation of PAHs-contaminated sediments for an urban river.

The Feng-Sang River is a metropolitan river in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. In this study, Feng-Sang River sediments were analyzed to investigate the distributions and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), potentially carcinogenic PAHs (TEQ), and toxic equivalence quotient (TEQ) were applied to evaluate influences of PAHs on ecosystems and microbial diversities.