Establishing a universal IVRP method for quadrivalent HPV vaccines to replace in vivo potency tests.

Several human papillomavirus (HPV) L1-based virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines are in development to meet future global vaccination needs. Type-specific monoclonal antibodies with good reactivity to all types of vaccines are urgently needed to evaluate vaccine potency. In this study, binding activity, neutralizing activity, conformational sensitivity, immunodominance in human serum, and versatility were compared among antibodies.

Optimization and validation of a virus-like particle pseudotyped virus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2.

Spike-protein-based pseudotyped viruses were used to evaluate vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, they cannot be used to evaluate the envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. The first generation of virus-like particle (VLP) pseudotyped viruses contains these four structural proteins, but their titers for wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are relatively low, even lower for the omicron variant, rendering them unsuitable for neutralizing antibody detection.

Structure of the Newcastle Disease Virus L protein in complex with tetrameric phosphoprotein.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to Paramyxoviridae, which contains lethal human and animal pathogens. NDV RNA genome is replicated and transcribed by a multifunctional 250 kDa RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein). To date, high-resolution structure of NDV L protein complexed with P protein remains to be elucidated, limiting our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Paramyxoviridae replication/transcription.

Structures of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alert noteworthy sites for the potential approaching variants.

• Deletion of residues 156–157 warps the neighboring beta-sheet and leads NTD and RBD to shift. • T859N stabilizes the packing of the 630 loop motif to make RBD standing transition more difficult. • The overall structures of the closed state S complex from different variants resemble each other.

Structural Basis for the Immunogenicity of the C-Terminus of VP1 of Echovirus 3 Revealed by the Binding of a Neutralizing Antibody.

Echovirus 3 (E3), a serotype of human enterovirus B (HEV-B), causes severe diseases in infants. Here, we determined the structures of E3 with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6D10 by cryo-EM to comprehensively understand the specificities and the immunological characteristic of this serotype. The solved cryo-EM structures of the F-, A-, and E-particles of E3 bound with 6D10 revealed the structural features of the virus-antibody interface.

An Engineered IgG-VHH Bispecific Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies are shown to be effective therapeutics for providing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) protection. However, recurrent variants arise and facilitate significant escape from current antibody therapeutics. Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) represent a unique platform to increase antibody breadth and to reduce neutralization escape.

Characterization of the enhanced infectivity and antibody evasion of Omicron BA.2.75.

Recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant, BA.2.75, displayed a growth advantage over circulating BA.

Structural and functional characterizations of infectivity and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with increased fitness is spreading rapidly worldwide. Analysis of cryo-EM structures of the spike (S) from Omicron reveals amino acid substitutions forging interactions that stably maintain an active conformation for receptor recognition. The relatively more compact domain organization confers improved stability and enhances attachment but compromises the efficiency of the viral fusion step.

Memory B cell repertoire from triple vaccinees against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Omicron (B.1.1.

An ultrapotent pan-β-coronavirus lineage B (β-CoV-B) neutralizing antibody locks the receptor-binding domain in closed conformation by targeting its conserved epitope.

New threats posed by the emerging circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2 highlight the need to find conserved neutralizing epitopes for therapeutic antibodies and efficient vaccine design. Here, we identified a receptor-binding domain (RBD)-binding antibody, XG014, which potently neutralizes β-coronavirus lineage B (β-CoV-B), including SARS-CoV-2, its circulating variants, SARS-CoV and bat SARSr-CoV WIV1. Interestingly, antibody family members competing with XG014 binding show reduced levels of cross-reactivity and induce antibody-dependent SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, suggesting a unique mode of recognition by XG014.

Metallothionein-1G suppresses pancreatic cancer cell stemness by limiting activin A secretion NF-κB inhibition.

Resistance to chemotherapy is a long-standing problem in the management of cancer, and cancer stem cells are regarded as the main source of this resistance. This study aimed to investigate metallothionein (MT)-1G involvement in the regulation of cancer stemness and provide a strategy to overcome chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). MT1G was identified as a critical factor related with gemcitabine resistance in PDAC cells by mRNA microarray.

Efficacy and Safety of High-Viscosity Bone Cement Vertebroplasty in Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures with Intravertebral Cleft.

Objective: To evaluate and compare clinical outcomes and cement leakage of high-viscosity bone cement versus low-viscosity bone cement vertebroplasty in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with intravertebral cleft.

Methods: The study included 72 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with intravertebral cleft, who were divided into high-viscosity cement (HVC) (38 cases) and low-viscosity cement (LVC) (34 cases) groups according to the viscosity of bone cement used. Cement leakage, visual analog scale score, Oswestry Disability Index, and kyphotic angle (KA) were evaluated.