Differential phagocytosis induces diverse macrophage activation states in malignant gliomas.

Background: Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and glioblastoma (GBM) are aggressive brain tumors with limited treatment options. Macrophage phagocytosis is a complex, tightly regulated process governed by competing pro-phagocytic and anti-phagocytic signals. CD47-SIRPα signaling inhibits macrophage activity, while radiotherapy (RT) can enhance tumor immunogenicity.

Risks of prematurity and low birth weight associated with trimester-specific prenatal benzodiazepine exposure.

Background: Intrauterine exposure of the developing fetus or neonate to bendodiazepine may lead to fetal abnormalities or adverse reactions. We sought to investigate whether benzodiazepine use before or during different trimesters of pregnancy had different associations with incident preterm births (PTB) or small for gestational age (SGA) infants.

Methods: We conducted a 13-year longitudinal cohort study incorporating population-wide, sibling, and paternal comparisons.

Prevalence and clinical outcomes of recompensation in decompensated cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: The prevalence and clinical outcomes of recompensation in patients with decompensated cirrhosis remain unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical outcomes among decompensated patients who achieve recompensation.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE from inception until 15 July 2025.

Diabetes prevalence and management patterns in US adults, 2001-2023.

Background: Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. We aimed to characterize secular trends in diabetes prevalence, control of glucose and associated comorbidities, and medication use.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Series data from 2001 to 2023.

Quantification of hepatic steatosis on post-contrast computed tomography scans using artificial intelligence tools.

Purpose: Early detection of steatotic liver disease (SLD) is critically important. In clinical practice, hepatic steatosis is frequently diagnosed using computed tomography (CT) performed for unrelated clinical indications. An equation for estimating magnetic resonance proton density fat fraction (MR-PDFF) using liver attenuation on non-contrast CT exists, but no equivalent equation exists for post-contrast CT.

The Rising Global Burden of MASLD and Other Metabolic Diseases (2000-2021).

Background: Metabolic diseases are a public health threat to diverse populations worldwide. This study aims to update the epidemiological trends of metabolic diseases across regions and sociodemographic stratifications using the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021.

Methods: This study focused on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) along with obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Conversion of Soluble Polyimines to Covalent Organic Framework Films and Composites.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been demonstrated for promising applications across research areas and industries. As research in the field advances, there is an increasing need for processing techniques for printing and fabricating COFs, as well as for synthesizing COF composites for advanced materials. To achieve this goal, a versatile approach allowing the synthesis of COFs through polyimines has been developed.

Meta-Analysis: Effects of Steatotic Liver Disease-Associated Genetic Risk Alleles on Longitudinal Outcomes.

Background: Genetic variants associated with risk of steatotic liver disease (SLD) may also influence clinical events.

Aims: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the impact of SLD-associated genetic variants on hepatic and extrahepatic complications in SLD.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Medline databases from inception through July 4th, 2024 for studies on adults with SLD that reported effects of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, HSD17B13 and GCKR variants on the incidence of cirrhosis, major adverse liver outcomes (MALO), cardiovascular disease, extrahepatic malignancy and overall or cause-specific mortality.

The Effects of Whole Body Vibration Training on Neuromuscular Property in Individuals with Spinocerebellar Ataxia: A Pilot Study.

BackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a neurodegenerative disease causing weakness and balance disorders that affected quality of life. Whole body vibration (WBV) had been reported to facilitate neuromuscular contraction in healthy people and athletes.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether four weeks of WBV training can enhance central and peripheral muscle strength and balance performances in patients with SCA.

Categorizing prediction modes within low-pLDDT regions of AlphaFold2 structures.

AlphaFold2 protein structure predictions are widely available for structural biology uses. These predictions, especially for eukaryotic proteins, frequently contain extensive regions predicted below the pLDDT 70 level, the rule-of-thumb cutoff for high confidence. This work identifies major modes of behavior within low-pLDDT regions through a survey of human proteome predictions provided by the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database.

Social determinants of health influence the risk of cirrhosis: A diverse nationwide cohort study.

Background And Aims: Cirrhosis is a leading cause of mortality in the United States, with significant disparities influenced by social determinants of health (SDOH). This study evaluated the effects of SDOH on the risk of cirrhosis in a nationwide cohort of patients.

Approach And Results: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study from the All of Us Research Program (AOURP), enrolled from 2017 to 2022.

Increased Mortality Among Lean Versus Non-Lean Adults With MASLD: A Multicenter Study.

Background And Aim: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Since the adoption of the new terminology from the Delphi Consensus statement, there has not been a large multicenter cohort study of MASLD among lean versus non-lean individuals. This study aims to assess prevalence and incidence outcomes among lean and non-lean individuals with MASLD in a diverse patient cohort.

Anthropometric Measures and Mortality Risk in Individuals With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background/aims: As the primary anthropometric measure in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), waist circumference (WC) may more accurately reflect the visceral fat distribution than body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to compare the prognostic value of BMI, WC and WC-related indices including waist-hip ratio (WHR), body shape index (BSI) and weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) in individuals with MASLD.

Methods: The study population was derived from four large-scale cohorts: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2017-2020 and NHANES III), the Kailuan Cohort and the UK Biobank Cohort.

Boredom proneness and inattention in children with and without ADHD: the mediating role of delay aversion.

Objective: A high tendency to boredom and delay aversion are commonly observed traits among children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. However, the interplay between boredom, delay aversion, and ADHD symptoms remains unclear. It is unknown, for example, whether a predisposition to boredom predicts difficulties in sustaining attention because of susceptibility to delay aversion.

Mitochondrial protein OPA1 is required for the expansion of effector CD8 T cells.

Short-lived effector cells are characterized metabolically by a highly glycolytic state, driving energy and biomass acquisition, whereas memory-fated T cells have historically been described as meeting these requirements through mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we show that the mitochondrial protein optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) is critical for rapidly dividing CD8 T cells in vivo, the requirement for which is most pronounced in effector CD8 T cells. More specifically, OPA1 supports proper cell cycle initiation and progression and the viability and survival of CD8 T cells during clonal expansion.

New NIR-Activated Organic Molecule-Based Nanocomposite as an Efficient Sensitizer for Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer.

Acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-configured molecules with coplanar dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']thieno[3,2-b:3',2'-b']dipyrrole (DTPT) as the core are promising organic semiconductor materials utilized in organic photovoltaic devices owing to their efficient charge transportation capabilities. In addition to optoelectronic applications, they are potential in photothermal and photodynamic applications due to their light-absorption properties. This study evaluates the utilization of DTPT-based fused-ring-conjugated small molecules with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption as stable organic photosensitizers for phototherapy by forming nanoparticles (NPs) with D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS).

Human genetics of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: from variants to cause to precision treatment.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by increased hepatic steatosis with cardiometabolic disease and is a leading cause of advanced liver disease. We review here the genetic basis of MASLD. The genetic variants most consistently associated with hepatic steatosis implicate genes involved in lipoprotein input or output, glucose metabolism, adiposity/fat distribution, insulin resistance, or mitochondrial/ER biology.

Combating Burnout Amongst Residents Through Fostering Resilience: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundBurnout, marked by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and depletion of professional efficacy, is rampant among residents. With deleterious effects on productivity, conduct and patient care, resident programs have increasingly emphasized resilience training to combat burnout. However, the personalized nature of burnout complicates the effective design of such programs.