Designing a 2000-Calorie Balanced Indian Diet for Diabetic Adults: Controlled Fat Intake and 50% Energy From Carbohydrates.

Setting:  The study was planned with the objective of developing a balanced diet menu based on Indian traditional food items, incorporating formatted fat and 50% of energy from carbohydrates, in line with general dietary recommendations. This was undertaken in the absence of any clear, viable, or India-specific menus or guidelines for constructing such a diet. The fat formatting, guided by metabolic expert recommendations and derived from routine/local foods, adds a unique aspect to the newly formulated menu.

Ring canals in the larval adipose of buffer stress response.

Cells in metabolically active tissues with high biosynthetic and secretory demands often use robust stress-responsive mechanisms to maintain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Coordinating such robust stress response mechanisms requires intercellular communication and coordination. Such modalities of intercellular communication have been relatively understudied in the context of stress tolerance.

Emerging roles for integrated stress response signaling in homeostasis.

Across phyla, organisms have evolved signaling mechanisms to cope with cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic stressors. The integrated stress response (ISR) is a prime example of such a mechanism and has well-defined roles from yeast to humans in dealing with stress burdens imposed by nutrient deprivation, protein misfolding, infectious agents, and oxidative stress. As with many fundamental cellular processes, the complexity of ISR signaling increases with evolutionary complexity.

Study on external consistency of health management information system data at district level across India.

Background: The WHO has provided toolkit for data quality review of Health Management Information System (HMIS) data, with external consistency of coverage rate being one dimension.

Objective: To assess the level of external consistency of HMIS data compared with National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) data at district level across India.

Methods: We used secondary data on health service delivery indicators across districts at meso-level collected from HMIS and NFHS-5 website.

Comparison of analysis of serum free light chains in a cartridge-based protein analyzer Mispa i3 with Roche Cobas 8000.

Serum-free light-chain assays are important in the diagnosis and in monitoring therapeutic responses of plasma cell disorders and are complementary to serum protein electrophoresis. The serum-free light-chain assay detects the light-chain portion of immunoglobulin in its free form with high sensitivity. In combination with serum protein electrophoresis and serum immunofixation electrophoresis, the free light-chain assay serves an important role in predicting disease progression in monoclonal gammopathy.

Deciphering protein aggregation: Insights into morphology, contributing factors, and molecular pathologies.

Protein aggregation research stands at the cutting edge of biomedical science, offering crucial insights into the molecular underpinnings of neurodegenerative and amyloid-associated diseases. Significant advancements in deciphering the structural, biophysical, and molecular intricacies of protein misfolding are driving the development of innovative therapies. Emerging approaches, from small molecule inhibitors to sophisticated polymer-based therapeutics, hold great promise for alleviating the toxic impacts of aggregation with the potential to prevent, delay, or even reverse disease progression.

Cryo-EM structure provides insights into the unusual heptameric assembly of rice (Oryza sativa L.) ClpB1 AAA+ ATPase.

Heat stress disrupts the protein homeostasis leading to the accumulation of toxic aggregated proteins in the cell. ClpB disaggregase belonging to the AAA+ ATPase superfamily removes the aggregated toxic proteins. ClpB is present ubiquitously in bacteria, yeast, protozoans and plants and plays a role in acquired heat tolerance.

2.0 Å cryo-EM structure of the 55 kDa nucleoplasmin domain of AtFKBP53.

The knowledge of three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathology and for devising drugs targeting specific molecules. Single particle cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) has become indispensable for this purpose, particularly for large macromolecules and their complexes. However, its effectiveness has been limited in achieving near-atomic resolution for smaller macromolecules.

Structure-function studies of a nucleoplasmin isoform from Plasmodium falciparum.

An organized regulation of gene expression and DNA replication is vital for the progression of the complex life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), involving multiple hosts and various stages. These attributes rely on the dynamic architecture of chromatin governed by several factors, including histone chaperones. Nucleoplasmin class of histone chaperones perform histone chaperoning function and participate in various developmental processes in eukaryotes.

Insights into the structural and biophysical mechanisms of benzamidine-driven inhibition of human lysozyme aggregation.

Amyloid fibril formation is a hallmark of several protein misfolding diseases, including systemic hereditary amyloidosis (SHA), in which lysozyme aggregates into plaques, causing inflammation to various tissues. SHA is a rare disease with no current drug treatment options. In our efforts to identify potential therapeutics for SHA, we investigated the inhibitory effects of benzamidine (BEN) on the human lysozyme fibrillation (HLF).

Sexually dimorphic ATF4 expression in the fat confers female stress tolerance in .

Metabolic differences between males and females have been well documented across many species. However, the molecular basis of these differences and how they impact tolerance to nutrient deprivation is still under investigation. In this work, we use to demonstrate that sex-specific differences in fat tissue metabolism are driven, in part, by dimorphic expression of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) transcription factor, ATF4.

Host-microbiota interplay in arsenic metabolism: Implications on host glucose homeostasis.

Arsenic (As), a naturally occurring element with unique properties, has been recognized as the largest mass poisoning in the world by the World Health Organization (WHO). Approximately 200 million people worldwide are exposed to toxic levels of arsenic due to natural and anthropogenic activities. This widespread exposure necessitates a deeper understanding of microbe-arsenic interactions and their potential influence on host exposure and health risks.

Blends of Silk Waste Protein and Polysaccharides for Enhanced Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Perspectives.

Wound healing is a highly sophisticated process, and therefore, a pioneering approach for designing excellent wound dressings with desirable characteristics vital for maintaining the external wound environment by assessing the inherent conditions of a patient for effective wound healing. Silk fibroin (SF), a versatile biocompatible material, has garnered significant attention for its potential in the field of wound healing and tissue regeneration. When SF is blended with polysaccharides, their synergistic properties can result in a material with enhanced bioactivity and tunable mechanical properties that facilitate the controlled release of therapeutic agents.

Imaging Neural Activity in Intact, Semirestrained Larvae.

The larval nerve cord, which is the equivalent of the vertebrate spinal cord, houses the circuits required to process somatosensory stimuli (e.g., tactile, temperature, vibration, and self-movement) and generate the patterned muscle contractions underlying movement and behavior.

Unique tau- and synuclein-dependent metabolic reprogramming in neurons distinct from normal aging.

Neuronal cells are highly specialized cells and have a specific metabolic profile to support their function. It has been demonstrated that the metabolic profiles of different cells/tissues undergo significant reprogramming with advancing age, which has often been considered a contributing factor towards aging-related diseases including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. However, it is unclear if the metabolic changes associated with normal aging predispose neurons to disease conditions or a distinct set of metabolic alterations happen in neurons in AD or PD which might contribute to disease pathologies.

Characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana chromatin remodeler DEK3 for its interaction with histones and DNA.

Chromatin structure and dynamics regulate all DNA-templated processes, such as transcription, replication, and repair. Chromatin binding factors, chromatin architectural proteins, and nucleosome remodelers modulate chromatin structure and dynamics and, thereby, the various DNA-dependent processes. Arabidopsis thaliana DEK3, a member of the evolutionarily conserved DEK domain-containing chromatin architectural proteins, is an important factor for chromatin structure and function, involved in transcriptional programming to regulate flowering time and abiotic stress tolerance.

Molecular pathogenesis of microsatellite instability-high early-stage colorectal adenocarcinoma in India.

Objectives: The prevalence of microsatellite instability (MSI) subtype among all colon cancers in India is about 30 %, approximately two times more than that of western population suggesting different molecular pathogeneses.

Methods: A analysis-based Pan cancer differential expression (DE) profile was determined in a primary cohort of early-stage CRC (tumor=10, normal=7), and correlated against MSI status. Using RT-PCR, tumor-specific genes were validated in another cohort of MSI-high CRC (n=15).

Diagnostic accuracy of Dengue NS1 lateral flow immunoassay in comparison to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay.

The most widely used invitro diagnostic qualitative screening method for dengue virus infection is the lateral flow immunoassay technique. Testing of dengue non-structural antigen NS1 offers specificity in determining the active infection while testing of IgM and IgG helps in differentiating the primary and secondary dengue infections. The ELISA functions as the golden standard for dengue testing and PCR credits for the most accurate determination tool at the genetic level.

Characterization of Kiss/Kissr system and expression profiling through developmental stages indicate kiss1 to be the active isotype in Clarias magur.

Kisspeptin (Kiss) and kisspeptin receptor (Kissr) system is a key regulator of GnRH expression in several vertebrates. The Indian catfish, Clarias magur, is popular in the Indian sub-continent, and a neo-type of the Asian catfish, C. batrachus.

Manipulating chiral spin transport with ferroelectric polarization.

A magnon is a collective excitation of the spin structure in a magnetic insulator and can transmit spin angular momentum with negligible dissipation. This quantum of a spin wave has always been manipulated through magnetic dipoles (that is, by breaking time-reversal symmetry). Here we report the experimental observation of chiral spin transport in multiferroic BiFeO and its control by reversing the ferroelectric polarization (that is, by breaking spatial inversion symmetry).

Out-of-pocket expenditure among patients with diabetic foot ulcer in a tertiary care hospital of south India: A cross-sectional study.

Diabetic foot ulcer is a debilitating complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus. Patients lose their earning potential, face repeated hospitalizations, and are forced to bear heavy treatment costs. This places an enormous financial burden on the patients and their families.

Structure-function analyses reveal HDA7 to be an inactive histone deacetylase.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs), responsible for the removal of acetyl groups from histone tails, are important epigenetic factors. They play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression and are significant in the context of plant growth and development. The Rpd3/Hda1 family of HDACs is reported to regulate key biological processes in plants, such as stress response, seed, embryonic, and floral development.

Integrated stress response signaling acts as a metabolic sensor in fat tissues to regulate oocyte maturation and ovulation.

Reproduction is an energy-intensive process requiring systemic coordination. However, the inter-organ signaling mechanisms that relay nutrient status to modulate reproductive output are poorly understood. Here, we use Drosophila melanogaster as a model to establish the integrated stress response (ISR) transcription factor, Atf4, as a fat tissue metabolic sensor that instructs oogenesis.

Exploring the diversity of blood microbiome during liver diseases: Unveiling Novel diagnostic and therapeutic Avenues.

Liver diseases are a group of major metabolic and immune or inflammation related diseases caused due to various reasons including infection, abnormalities in immune system, genetic defects, and lifestyle habits. However, the cause-effect relationship is not completely understood in liver disease. The role of microbiome, particularly, the role of gut and oral microbiome in liver diseases has been extensively studied in recent years.