Extreme weather events and dengue in Southeast Asia: A regionally-representative analysis of 291 locations from 1998 to 2021.

Background: Climate change, leading to more frequent and intense extreme weather events (EWEs), could significantly impact dengue transmission. However, the associations between EWEs and dengue remains underexplored in the Southeast Asia (SEA) region. We investigated the association between selected EWEs (i.

() rs738409 Variant and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Risk in Vietnamese Working-Age Adults: A Case-Control Study with Metabolic Insights.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing public health concern in Vietnam, particularly among working-age adults (18-60 years). The rs738409 variant (C>G) is a well-established risk factor for NAFLD globally; however, its impact on the Vietnamese population remains inadequately studied. This study investigates its association with NAFLD risk and its interaction with metabolic factors.

Combination therapy with methylprednisolone and rivaroxaban for mild COVID-19 in Vietnam: laboratory and clinical insights.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of methylprednisolone combined with rivaroxaban versus rivaroxaban monotherapy in mild cases of COVID-19.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at three hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from September 2021 to March 2022. Patients received either rivaroxaban 10 mg/day (Regimen 1) or methylprednisolone 16 mg/day plus rivaroxaban 10 mg/day (Regimen 2) for 7 days.

Artificial intelligence system for predicting areal bone mineral density from plain X-rays.

Introduction: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the standard method for assessing areal bone mineral density (aBMD), diagnosing osteoporosis, and predicting fracture risk. However, DXA's availability is limited in resource-poor areas. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system capable of estimating aBMD from standard radiographs.

A 19F Blake Drain versus a 28F Conventional Drain Following Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: A Comparative Retrospective Study.

Background: Pleural drainage is essential for preventing and managing respiratory complications after video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy (VATE). Conventional large-bore drains often cause significant pain. Small-bore drains (e.

Family history of fracture and fracture risk: a meta-analysis to update the FRAX® risk assessment tool.

Unlabelled: In the largest meta-analysis of international cohorts to date, a family history of fracture is confirmed as a significant BMD-independent predictor of future fracture risk. Parental and sibling histories of fracture carry the same significance for future fracture, including the impact of family hip fracture on future hip fracture risk.

Purpose: We have undertaken a meta-analysis of international prospective cohorts to quantify the relationship between a family history of fracture and future fracture incidence.

Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Trauma Laparotomies and Rates of Superficial Surgical Site Infections.

Investigate the relationship between incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) and the development of superficial surgical site infections (SSIs) and wound dehiscence. A retrospective chart analysis was performed. Trauma patients between the ages of 18 and 89 years receiving an emergent exploratory laparotomy on admission between January 1, 2015, and March 31, 2022, were included.

Fragmentation signatures in cancer patients resemble those of patients with vascular or autoimmune diseases.

Multiple case-controlled studies have shown that analyzing fragmentation patterns in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can distinguish individuals with cancer from healthy controls. However, there have been few studies that investigate various types of cfDNA fragmentomics patterns in individuals with other diseases. We therefore developed a comprehensive statistic, called fragmentation signatures, that integrates the distributions of fragment positioning, fragment length, and fragment end-motifs in cfDNA.

Minimizing and quantifying uncertainty in AI-informed decisions: Applications in medicine.

AI is now a cornerstone of modern dataset analysis. In many real world applications, practitioners are concerned with controlling specific kinds of errors, rather than minimizing the overall number of errors. For example, biomedical screening assays may primarily be concerned with mitigating the number of false positives rather than false negatives.

Critical roles of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase in eye development.

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is a protein in the ubiquitin-proteasome system involved in numerous cellular processes and implicated in various human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic syndrome. However, its roles in development remain poorly understood. In this study, we used as a model to investigate the function of UCH-L1.

Key RNA elements influencing DCL1 cleavage in plant microRNA biogenesis.

DICER-LIKE 1 (DCL1), a plant-specific RNase III enzyme, is fundamental to post-transcriptional gene regulation mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). DCL1 processes precursor miRNAs into mature miRNAs, typically 20-22 nucleotides long. Despite its crucial role, the RNA elements that guide DCL1's cleavage site selection have remained largely uncharacterized.

Body mass index and subsequent fracture risk: A meta-analysis to update FRAX®.

The aim of this international meta-analysis was to quantify the predictive value of body mass index (BMI) for incident fracture and relationship of this risk with age, sex, follow-up time and bone mineral density (BMD). 1 667 922 men and women from 32 countries (63 cohorts), followed for a total of 16.0 million person-years were studied.

The case for anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for the international space station and future planetary spaceflight: Clinical relevance and technical implementation.

Spaceflight presents unique challenges to ocular health which must be addressed when considering future long-term missions to Mars and beyond, specifically with increased risk to the anterior segment of the eye. While the posterior segment has been heavily researched via examinations with Heidelberg's Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)2 Module aboard the International Space Station (ISS), evaluation of the anterior segment is not as extensively performed. Despite the capabilities of the Spectralis, which allows for anterior segment imaging via the Anterior Segment Module (ASM), transforming the OCT into an Anterior Segment OCT (AS-OCT), there is limited information available regarding anterior segment effects due to microgravity and spaceflight.

The ocular surface during spaceflight: Post-mission symptom report, extraterrestrial risks, and in-flight therapeutics.

Ocular health is critical for overall astronaut health requirements given its essential role for mission performance and safety. The ocular surface is a vital structure to the visual system and is essential for ocular protection and the refraction of light for focused vision. Data from the 2024 NASA Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health identified that Space Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) astronauts (N = 257) queried during post-flight eye exams reported symptoms of eye irritation (34 %), dry eyes (14 %), and foreign body sensation (21 %).

Parabolic flight as a research platform to investigate ophthalmic changes in microgravity.

Parabolic flight serves as an important terrestrial analog to study acute physiological changes in microgravity without the need for space travel. During a parabolic flight, alternating hypergravity and microgravity phases, lasting up to 40 seconds, enable research into ophthalmic changes. In this review, we discuss the application of parabolic flight as a platform to study microgravity-related changes that might impact ophthalmology including intraocular pressure, intracranial pressure, choroidal blood flow, and modified eye movement patterns.

Advancing models of bubble-particle contact times: A comprehensive review of flotation attachment efficiency prediction.

Bubble-particle attachment is a fundamental process in flotation, critical for determining separation efficiency, based on surface hydrophobicity and many other aspects of colloid and surface chemistry. This review examines and refines models of contact time - encompassing collision, sliding, and attachment interactions - to quantify attachment efficiency in flotation systems. It begins by exploring the underlying colloidal physics of bubble-particle collision and sliding interactions during attachment, emphasising the velocity components of particles at bubble surfaces, including water flow and particle settling.

Alternative markers in complete blood count as predictors of dengue fever severity.

Dengue fever (DF) is a viral infection transmitted between humans by Aedes mosquitoes. To identify DF and evaluate severity, serological tests and clinical parameters are commonly used, but these may not be available in small local hospitals or subjective. The study aimed to identify the correlation of changes in complete blood count, including white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and platelet with severity of DF.

Dynamic shifts in isomiR profiles during parasite maturation of .

We investigated the isomiR profiles of the parasitic worm across three developmental stages: newly excysted juveniles (NEJ), juveniles (JUV), and adults. Our analysis revealed a distinct shift in isomiR distribution during maturation, with NEJs exhibiting a higher abundance and diversity of isomiRs compared to later stages. Notably, isomiRs were often the dominant miRNA form in NEJs, whereas a transition to canonical miRNAs occurred as the parasite matured.

Prevalence, mortality rate, and factors associated with mortality in patients with sepsis in Vietnam.

Objectives: The burden of sepsis in Vietnam remains largely undocumented. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and mortality rate of sepsis and to identify mortality-associated factors among patients with sepsis in a Vietnamese hospital.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted to describe the clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and mortality rate of patients with sepsis.

Photoredox-catalyzed arylation of isonitriles by diaryliodonium salts towards benzamides.

The arylation of isonitriles by diaryliodonium salts under photoredox conditions has been proposed for the first time. The suggested procedure allows preparing a broad range of benzamides using both symmetric and unsymmetric diaryliodonium salts under mild conditions. A plausible mechanism for the reaction and the selectivity of aryl transfer (in case of unsymmetrical iodonium salts) were studied.

Family caregivers of people who use drugs in Vietnam: Perceived burden and coping.

Background: Understanding the burdens and coping of family caregivers for people who use drugs (PWUD) is essential for developing effective support interventions. This study explores patterns of perceived burden and coping efforts among caregivers in Vietnam and their associations with socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods: This study analyzed baseline data from an intervention trial conducted in three Vietnamese provinces in 2024.

Top 10 consumer and healthcare professional priorities for research in the field of quality use of medicines in people living with dementia.

BackgroundPeople living with Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia are vulnerable to medicine-related problems. More research is needed to support achieving quality use of medicines in people living with dementia.ObjectiveTo determine the top 10 unanswered quality use of medicines questions for people living with dementia, as prioritized by Australians living with dementia, their carers, and healthcare professionals.

Implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and maternity protection: correlations with commercial milk formula consumption in East Asia and the Pacific.

Objective: The rise of commercial milk formulas (CMF) consumption by infants and young children raises concerns about their health, development, and survival. Implementing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the Code) and maternity protection policies are two of seven critical policy actions to protect breastfeeding. This study explores the implementation of the Code, maternity protection policies, and CMF consumption in 11 countries in the East Asia Pacific (EAP) region and determines whether there are any correlations.