Impact of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms on Caregiver Burden of People With Dementia With Lewy Bodies: A Multicentre Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Background: Various neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with caregiver burden in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, the causal relationship between individual neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver burden in DLB has not been investigated in Japan.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at four medical centres, including 30 patients with probable DLB aged ≥ 65 years who met the McKeith DLB diagnostic criteria.

Concordance of Cancer Screening Attendance Among Spouse Couples: A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project.

Objectives: Owing to spousal pairs often exhibiting similar health behaviors, this study examined the concordance of cancer screening attendance between spouses using cross-sectional data from a large biobank study in Japan, which included 2022 spousal pairs.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Self-administered data were collected to determine whether participants had undergone screening for colorectal, gastric, and lung cancers in the past year.

Association Between Shopping Assistance and Functional Decline in Older Residents with Support Levels Under the Long-Term Care Insurance System in Japan: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study.

Maintaining functional independence and minimizing disability among older adults living in the community is paramount for mitigating rising care demands. Our study focused on shopping as a critical instrumental activity of daily living (ADL) to explore the association between shopping assistance and functional decline among older individuals receiving support through long-term care insurance (LTCI). This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 6202 participants aged >65 years living in a Japanese regional town receiving LTCI support, suggesting that they required assistance with local community life.

Effect of Social Support on Caregiver's Functional Disability Due to Spouse's Functional Disability.

Objectives: To examine the effect of social support on the risk of caregiver's functional disability due to spouse's functional disability.

Design: Longitudinal study.

Setting And Participants: In this cohort study using the Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study data, the baseline survey was conducted from December 1, 2006, to December 15, 2006, and included 7598 older adults, including 3799 couples, ≥65 years of age.

Factors and prediction model associated with resumption of social outings in stroke survivors 6 months after onset: a multicenter prospective study.

Objectives: To identify factors associated with the resumption of social outings 6 months after stroke onset and develop a simple clinically practical prediction model.

Materials And Methods: Participants were recruited from first-ever stroke survivors admitted to three rehabilitation wards, and resumption of social outings 6 months after stroke onset was assessed using the Japanese version of the Frenchay Activities Index. The association of physical and cognitive functions with activities of daily living at admission to the rehabilitation ward and resumption of social outings 6 months after stroke onset was examined using logistic regression and decision trees.

In-Shoe Sensor Measures of Loading Asymmetry during Gait as a Predictor of Frailty Development in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Clinical walk tests may not predict the development of frailty in healthy older adults. With advancements in wearable technology, it may be possible to predict the development of frailty using loading asymmetry parameters during clinical walk tests. This prospective cohort study aimed to test the hypothesis that increased limb loading asymmetry predicts frailty risk in community-living older adults.

Effects of computerized cognitive training on biomarker responses in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A scoping review.

Background And Aims: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a widespread condition in older individuals, posing significant risk of dementia. However, limited research has been conducted to explore effective interventions and clarify their impact at the neural level. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of computerized cognitive training (CCT) and explore the associated neural mechanisms in preventing dementia in older individuals with MCI, with a view to inform future intervention efforts.

Simple and Objective Evaluation Items for the Prognosis and Mortality of Delirium in Real-World Clinical Practice: A Preliminary Retrospective Study.

Objective: Identifying factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with delirium is important for predicting prognosis. This retrospective study developed an easy and objective cognitive function measurement scale that can predict the prognosis and mortality related to delirium.

Methods: Fifty-five patients aged ≥65 years and diagnosed with delirium were included.

Detecting differences in limb load asymmetry during walking between older adult fallers and non-fallers using in-shoe sensors.

Background: Previous studies have reported that clinical walk tests could not detect differences between fallers and non-fallers in older adults. With advancements in wearable technology, it may be possible to assess differences in loading parameters in clinical settings using portable data collection methods.

Research Question: The purpose of this study was to determine if wearable sensors (loadsol®) are reliable for assessing asymmetry of contact time, peak force, loading rate (LR), and impulse in older adults and determine if the insole can detect differences in these parameters between fallers and non-fallers during walking.

Age-stroke related dysfunction interaction associated with home discharge of stroke inpatients in the rehabilitation ward.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether interactions exist among cognitive and physical functions and activities of daily living (ADL) associated with home discharge of stroke patients in the rehabilitation ward. The subjects were 231 patients with a first stroke. Age, gender, affected side, the stroke impairment assessment set, ADL and discharge destination were collected from the medical record.

Seaweed consumption and the risk of prostate cancer: the Miyagi cohort study.

Some laboratory studies have shown that fucoidan, which is contained in seaweed extract, has inhibitory effects on the invasion and angiogenesis of tumor cells; however, the association between seaweed consumption and prostate cancer incidence remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between seaweed consumption and the risk of prostate cancer incidence in the Japanese population. Data from 19 311 men in the Miyagi Cohort Study who were 40-64 years old at baseline in 1990 were examined.

Effect of social participation on the association between frailty and disability.

Objectives: To examine whether social participation affects the association between frailty and disability.

Methods: A baseline survey conducted from December 1 to 15, 2006, included 11,992 participants who were classified based on the Kihon Checklist into three categories and based on the number of activities in which they socially participated into four categories. The study outcome, incident functional disability, was defined as in Long-Term Care Insurance certification.

Preventive Effects of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in First-Year University Students at Risk for Depression: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial.

High scores on Harm Avoidance (HA) on Cloniger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) have been identified as a risk factor for depression. Group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) has been found effective in preventing depression and improving depressive symptoms among university students. However, no randomized controlled trials of GCBT have been conducted with university students with high HA.

Similarities in cardiometabolic risk factors among random male-female pairs: a large observational study in Japan.

Background: Previous observational studies have shown similarities in cardiometabolic risk factors between spouses. It is still possible that this result reflects the age similarity of spouses rather than environmental factors of spouses (e.g.

How Long Would You Like to Live? A 25-year Prospective Observation of the Association Between Desired Longevity and Mortality.

Background: Desired longevity represents how strongly people esteem possible extensions of their own lifetime. The association between desired longevity and mortality risk has been reported in only one prospective study, which examined a small sample of older participants. We aimed to examine the hypothesis that desired longevity at middle-age predicted long-term survival.

Time spent walking and disability-free survival in older Japanese: The Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study.

The extent to which long disability-free survival (DFS) time can be extended according to the amount of time spent walking has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the association between time spent walking per day and DFS time in older adults. We conducted a cohort study of 14 342 disability-free individuals (aged ≥ 65 years) living in Ohsaki City, Japan.

Dairy intake and incident functional disability among older Japanese adults: the Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study.

Purpose: Previous studies have investigated the association between dairy intake and functional disability, but their results were inconsistent. Our study aimed to investigate whether dairy intake may protect against incident functional disability among Japanese older adults.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal analysis of dairy intake with incident functional disability in a prospective cohort study of 11,911 Japanese individuals aged ≥ 65 years who were followed up for 8.

Impact of Sensory Impairment on Improvement of Upper-limb Function in Patients under 75 Years of Age with Subacute Stroke: A Preliminary Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether an interaction exists between sensory impairment and age with respect to the recovery of upper-limb function in patients with subacute stroke.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 83 patients recovering from subacute stroke in a rehabilitation hospital ward. The recovery of upper-limb function in four groups classified by age and sensory impairment were compared using analysis of covariance.

A Cross-Sectional Study on the Characteristics of Physical Activity in Pre-Frail Older Adults.

This cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the physical activity (PA) of older adults with pre-frail status by examining sedentary behavior (SB) and PA using triaxial accelerometer data, with non-frail older adults as the control group. In this study, we divided the study participants into older adults who regularly participated in self-initiated citizen group exercise activities and those who did not. Data were collected between September and December 2017.

The association between psychological distress and risk of incident functional disability in elderly survivors after the Great East Japan Earthquake: The mediating effect of lifestyle and bodily pain.

Background: We previously reported that psychological distress was associated with an increased risk of functional disability. However, the mechanism of the association remains unclear. Our aim was to estimate the mediating effect of lifestyle and bodily pain on the association among elderly survivors after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Subgroup characteristics of the association between volunteering and the risk of functional disability among older Japanese people: The Tsurugaya project.

Background And Objective: Although it has been well known that volunteering is associated with a significantly decreased risk of incident disability among older people, it remains unanswered which subgroups of older people the above association is most remarkable. We aimed to identify such subgroups by conducting subgroup analyses for age, sex, chronic medical condition, and socio-demographic factors.

Methods: Participants were 826 Japanese community-dwelling people aged ≥70 years who lived in Tsurugaya, Sendai.

Association Between Social Participation and Disability-free Life Expectancy in Japanese Older People: The Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study.

Background: Although social participation has been reported to be associated with significantly lower risks of mortality and disability, to our knowledge, no study has estimated its impact on disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between social participation and DFLE in community-dwelling older people.

Methods: We analyzed 11-year follow-up data from a cohort study of 11,982 Japanese older adults (age ≥65 years) in 2006.

Relationship Between Oral Health and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between poor oral health and the incidence of fall-related fractures in older Japanese individuals.

Design: A 9-year prospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: Participants comprised 937 community-dwelling older Japanese adults aged 70 years or older.

Interactions of Cognitive and Physical Functions Associated with Toilet Independence in Stroke Patients.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the interaction among cognitive and physical functions associated with toilet independence in stroke patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively examined 125 stroke patients. We performed decision tree analysis to detect the interaction associated with toilet independent using assessment of motor function on the affected side, muscle strength on unaffected side, trunk function, neglect, motivation, and cognitive function.

Changes in a specific dietary pattern and incident dementia: A prospective cohort study.

Background & Aims: Previous studies have reported that the Japanese diet is associated with a lower risk of dementia; however, whether changes in adherence to the Japanese diet affects incident dementia remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between long-term changes in adherence to the Japanese diet and risk of incident dementia among older Japanese individuals.

Methods: We collected dietary information from community-dwelling older individuals living in Ohsaki city, Japan using a validated 39-item food frequency questionnaire in 1994 and 2006.