Association of circulating metabolites and polygenic risk score with incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective community-based cohort study.

Background: No previous studies have explored metabolites associated with both genetic predispositions to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and T2DM onset. Therefore, we aimed to explore metabolic profiles using genetic risk to identify pathways for tailored T2DM prevention strategies.

Methods: This prospective community-based cohort study in Japan included a total of 12,461 participants aged ≥ 20 years.

Associations of family history of hypertension, genetic, and lifestyle risks with incident hypertension.

Family history of hypertension may reflect genetic and lifestyle factors. Genetic risk can be assessed using polygenic risk score (PRS); however, whether PRS can stratify hypertension risk when combined with family history and lifestyle information is unclear. This prospective cohort study included 9,001 hypertension-free individuals aged ≥20 years from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-Based Cohort Study.

Association between urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and BNP in a general population without antihypertensive treatment and cardiovascular diseases: the Ohasama study.

The urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio is associated with blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular risk. We examined the association between the urinary Na/K ratio and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a biomarker indicative of cardiac stress levels within the general population. This cross-sectional study included 436 participants (mean age: 65.

Concordance of Cancer Screening Attendance Among Spouse Couples: A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project.

Objectives: Owing to spousal pairs often exhibiting similar health behaviors, this study examined the concordance of cancer screening attendance between spouses using cross-sectional data from a large biobank study in Japan, which included 2022 spousal pairs.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Self-administered data were collected to determine whether participants had undergone screening for colorectal, gastric, and lung cancers in the past year.

Has the impact of cigarette smoking on mortality been underestimated by overlooking second-hand smoke? Tohoku medical megabank community-based cohort study.

Objectives: Previous studies have assessed the impact of active smoking on mortality using the population-attributable fraction (PAF). However, these studies have not included second-hand smoking (SHS), potentially underestimating smoking's impact. We compared the PAF from active smoking alone with the PAF, including SHS exposure.

Sex difference in genetic risk in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation.

Background: Early detection and management of atrial fibrillation (AF) are crucial. Combined models incorporating genetic risks and clinical risks have been developed to improve predictive ability. Although sex differences have been reported in many aspects of AF, sex differences in genetic risk have not been studied.

Effects of dental prostheses and occlusal force on adverse health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults lacking functional dentition: The Longitudinal Study of the Tsurugaya Project.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to examine the longitudinal association between combination of remaining natural teeth (RNT) and functional teeth (FT) or occlusal force (OF), with functional disability and mortality among community-dwelling Japanese adults aged ≥70 years with less than 20 remaining teeth.

Methods: The participants included 916 community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 70 years or older in 2003. Exposures were defined as a combination of RNT and either FT or OF.

Degree of housing damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and all-cause mortality in the community-based cohort study of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project.

Background: Natural disasters may have negative health effects on survivors. However, long-term observations on this are lacking. Therefore, this study investigated the association between the degree of housing damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and all-cause mortality using the data from the cohort study conducted by the Tohoku Medical Megabank (TMM) Project in disaster-stricken areas.

Association Between Sodium- and Potassium-Related Urinary Markers and the Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: The primary prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF), which increases mortality through complications including stroke and heart failure, is important. Excessive salt intake and low potassium intake are risk factors for cardiovascular disease; however, their association with AF remains inconclusive. This study investigated the association between sodium- and potassium-related urinary markers and AF prevalence.

Evaluation of depression at 6 and 12 months postpartum by examining depressive symptoms and self-harm ideation during the early postpartum period: Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate depression at 6 and 12 months postpartum, using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) total score and its subitem regarding self-harm ideation (SHI) at 1 month postpartum.

Methods: A sample of 12,358 postpartum women answered the EPDS and questionaries at 1, 6, and 12 months postpartum longitudinally.

Results: For participants with postpartum depression (PPD; EPDS total score ≥9) and SHI (SHI sub-score ≥1) at 1 month postpartum, the risk of depression at 6 and 12 months postpartum (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] at 6 and 12 months postpartum: 20.

Associations between leisure time, non-leisure time physical activity, and kidney function in Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) contributes to decreased life expectancy. We examined the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), non-leisure-time physical activity (non-LTPA) and kidney function.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 32 162 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 20 years from the Tohoku Medical MegaBank community-based cohort study.

Association of olfactory and cognitive function test scores with hippocampal and amygdalar grey matter volume: a cross-sectional study.

Few population-based studies including younger adults have examined the potential of olfactory function tests to capture the degree of atrophy in memory-associated brain regions, which cannot be adequately explained by cognitive function tests screening for cognitive impairment. This population-based study investigated associations between high-resolution olfactory test data with few odours and grey matter volumes (GMVs) of the left and right hippocampi, amygdala, parahippocampi, and olfactory cortex, while accounting for differences in cognitive decline, in 1444 participants (aged 31-91 years). Regression analyses included intracranial volume (ICV)-normalised GMVs of eight memory-related regions as objective variables and age, sex, education duration, smoking history, olfaction test score, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese version (MoCA-J) score as explanatory variables.

The association of birth weight and current BMI on the risk of hypertension: the Tohoku medical megabank community-based cohort study.

This study aimed to investigate the association of combination of birth weight and current body mass index (BMI) with the risk of hypertension in adulthood. This cross-sectional study used data from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-based Cohort Study conducted in Japan. A total of 10,688 subjects aged ≥20 years were eligible.

Number of teeth and functional disability in community-dwelling older adults.

Introduction: This study determined whether tooth loss was associated with the development of functional disability and estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of functional disability due to tooth loss, along with risk factors for functional disability such as physical function and cognitive impairment.

Methods: The participants were 838 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥70 years living in the Tsurugaya district in Japan in 2003. The exposure variable was the number of remaining teeth (counted by trained dentists).

Depressive symptoms as risk factors for the onset of home hypertension: a prospective cohort study.

Depression is comorbid with somatic diseases; however, the relationship between depressive symptoms and hypertension (HT), a risk factor for cardiovascular events, remains unclear. Home blood pressure (BP) is more reproducible and accurately predictive of cardiovascular diseases than office BP. Therefore, we focused on home BP and investigated whether depressive symptoms contributed to the future onset of home HT.

Identifying critical age and gender-based metabolomic shifts in a Japanese population of the Tohoku Medical Megabank cohort.

Understanding the physiological changes associated with aging and the associated disease risks is essential to establish biomarkers as indicators of biological aging. This study used the NMR-measured plasma metabolome to calculate age-specific metabolite indices. In doing so, the scope of the study was deliberately simplified to capture general trends and insights into age-related changes in metabolic patterns.

Associations of combined genetic and lifestyle risks with hypertension and home hypertension.

No study, to our knowledge, has constructed a polygenic risk score based on clinical blood pressure and investigated the association of genetic and lifestyle risks with home hypertension. We examined the associations of combined genetic and lifestyle risks with hypertension and home hypertension. In a cross-sectional study of 7027 Japanese individuals aged ≥20 years, we developed a lifestyle score based on body mass index, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and sodium-to-potassium ratio, categorized into ideal, intermediate, and poor lifestyles.

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide distribution and its relevant factors in the general adult population and its healthy subpopulation.

Background: Measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Feno) has been used in the diagnosis and management of asthma. Understanding the distribution of Feno in a larger resident population and its "healthy" subpopulation would contribute to the interpretation of Feno in clinical practice.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the distribution and its associated factors in the adult population and its healthy subpopulations.

Associations between housing and psychological damage by earthquake and modifiable risk factors for dementia in general older adults: Tohoku Medical Megabank community-based cohort study.

Aim: To evaluate the association between housing and psychological damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and modifiable risk factors (MRFs) of dementia for general population of older adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 29 039 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 69.1 ± 2.

Low Hemoglobin Level and Elevated Inflammatory Hematological Ratios Associated With Depression and Sleep Disturbance.

Background: The relationship between blood cell profiles, including hemoglobin (Hb) levels and inflammatory hematological ratios, and mental health problems currently remains unclear.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood cell profiles and mental health issues, including depressive state and sleep disturbance, while adjusting for potential demographic confounders.

Methodology: This retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study used a population-based medical database from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project with more than 60,000 volunteers.

Factors Associated With the Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Miyagi Part of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-based Cohort Study.

Background/aims: The objective of this research is to examine factors related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) prevalence in a large population-based study.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with participants in the Miyagi part of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-Based cohort study who completed the Rome II Modular Questionnaire. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) for the presence of IBS and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the reference group were calculated for each factor.

Association of physiological factors with grip and leg extension strength: tohoku medical megabank community-based cohort study.

Background: Upper and lower extremity muscle strength can be used to predict health outcomes. However, the difference between the relation of upper extremity muscle and of lower extremity muscle with physiological factors is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between physiological data and muscle strength, measured using grip and leg extension strength, among Japanese adults.