A chronic low dose of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (3 mg / kg / 21 d) reorganizes the disturbed wound healing process and accelerates wound closure in old female mice.

Wound healing in old mice is characterized by disturbed tissue homeostasis, manifested by delayed immune cell infiltration and reduced growth factor secretion, leading to a delayed onset and prolonged duration of the inflammatory phase. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an important regulator of tissue homeostasis and cell migration and is also considered to be subject to aging processes, which may contribute to observable aging phenomena. Therefore, stimulating the aged ECS could represent a therapeutic option to support tissue regeneration in aging.

∆-Tetrahydrocannabinol Increases Growth Factor Release by Cultured Adipose Stem Cells and Adipose Tissue in vivo.

Background: Because of its biocompatibility and its soft and dynamic nature, the grafting of adipose tissue is regarded an ideal technique for soft-tissue repair. The adipose stem cells (ASCs) contribute significantly to the regenerative potential of adipose tissue, because they can differentiate into adipocytes and release growth factors for tissue repair and neovascularization to facilitate tissue survival. The present study tested the effect of administering a chronic low dose of ∆-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on these regenerative properties, in vitro and in vivo.

Delayed cutaneous wound healing in young and old female mice is associated with differential growth factor release but not inflammatory cytokine secretion.

The capacity for tissue repair during wound healing declines with age. A chronic low but systemic inflammatory status, often called "inflammaging", is considered a key factor that contributes to impaired tissue regeneration. This phenomenon has been substantiated by an increased number of immune cells in wound-tissue of old mice.

Effects of cannabinoid receptor activation on lipopolysaccharide stimulation in human periodontal ligament stem cells .

Purpose: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that results in the loss of periodontal tissue. The endocannabinoid system has anti-inflammatory properties and displays considerable potential for tissue regeneration. In this study, we aimed to explore whether the activation of this system can alleviate or reverse the inflammatory phenotype of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) induced by exposure to the inflammagen lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Antiseptic management of critical wounds: differential bacterial response upon exposure to antiseptics and first insights into antiseptic/phage interactions.

Background: With the antibiotic crisis, the topical antibacterial control including chronic wounds gains increasing importance. However, little is known regarding tolerance development when bacteria face repetitive exposure to the identical antiseptics as commonly found in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: Clinical isolates foremost of chronic wounds were exposed in vitro to dilutions of two antiseptics used for wound therapy: polyhexanide or octenidine.

GPR55 inhibits the pro-adipogenic activity of anandamide in human adipose stromal cells.

The endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) stimulates adipogenesis via the cannabinoid receptor CB1 in adipose stromal cells (ASCs). However, AEA interacts also with nonclassical cannabinoid receptors, including transient receptor potential cation channel (TRPV)1 and G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)55. Their roles in AEA mediated adipogenesis of human ASCs have not been investigated.

Impact of a High-Fat Diet at a Young Age on Wound Healing in Mice.

As the prevalence of juvenile-onset obesity rises globally, the multitude of related health consequences gain significant importance. In this context, obesity is associated with impaired cutaneous wound healing. In experimental settings, mice are the most frequently used model for investigating the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) chow on wound healing in wild-type or genetically manipulated animals, e.

ITIH5 inhibits proliferation, adipogenic differentiation, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines of human adipose stem cells-A new key in treating obesity?

Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5 (ITIH5) is widely expressed in the human body, and it is detected to be particularly abundant in adipose tissue. ITIH5 expression is increased in people with obesity compared to lean persons and is decreased by diet-induced weight loss. This suggests that ITIH5 may be involved in the development of adiposity and clinical metabolic variables, although its exact function remains unknown.

Comprehensive Analysis of Local Anesthetics Affecting Adipose Stem Cells In Vitro.

Background: Adipose stem cells (ASCs) hold a great regenerative capacity because of their differentiation capability and their secretory activity. Thus, ASC survival is of great significance during perioperative harvesting. Various local anesthetics are commonly applied during fat grafting procedures.

Adipose and lipoma stem cells: A donor-matched comparison.

Lipomas are slow growing benign fat tumors that develop in soft tissues of the mesoderm. Thus, the specific (dys-)function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been suggested in the development of lipomas, but details of the tumor pathogenesis remain unclear. Existing studies comparing stem cells from native adipose (adipose stem cells [ASCs]) and lipomatous tissues (LSCs) have reported contradicting findings.

Time course of functional recovery after 1 cm sciatic nerve resection in rats with or without surgical intervention - measured by grip strength and locomotor activity.

The rat sciatic nerve (SN) is the most frequently used model in experimental research on peripheral nerve injuries. Within the broad range of evaluation methods to determine the experimental outcome, recovery of behavior represents the major criterion to assess functional regeneration. The grasping test indicates when recovery begins and its improvement with time.

The Crosstalk Between Adipose-Derived Stem or Stromal Cells (ASC) and Cancer Cells and ASC-Mediated Effects on Cancer Formation and Progression-ASCs: Safety Hazard or Harmless Source of Tropism?

Adipose-derived stem or stromal cells (ASCs) possess promising potential in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their secretory activity, their multilineage differentiation potential, their easy harvest, and their rich yield compared to other stem cell sources. After the first identification of ASCs in humans in 2001, the knowledge of their cell biology and cell characteristics have advanced, and respective therapeutic options were determined. Nowadays, ASC-based therapies are on the verge of translation into clinical practice.

Effects of Silicone Breast Implants on Human Cell Types In Vitro: A Closer Look on Host and Implant.

Background: Silicone (gel) breast implants (SBI) are used world-wide for breast augmentation, and reconstruction or to correct breast deformities. They consist of two compounds: an elastomer silicone shell (envelope) and a silicone gel filler (core). Breast Implant Illness (BII) is a term used for women with SBI, who suffer from various of symptoms including myalgia, arthralgia, fatigue, fever, dry eyes and/or dry mouth (sicca), as well as cognitive disturbances, which are rated by these woman as response to SBI.

The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Under Hypoxia.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells characterized by their strong regenerative potential and low oxygen consumption. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional chemokine-like cytokine that is involved in tissue hypoxia. MIF is not only a major immunomodulator but also is highly expressed in adipose tissue such as subcutaneous adipose tissue of chronic non-healing wounds.

The Role of Adipose Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration and Bone Tissue Engineering.

Bone regeneration is a complex process that is influenced by tissue interactions, inflammatory responses, and progenitor cells. Diseases, lifestyle, or multiple trauma can disturb fracture healing, which might result in prolonged healing duration or even failure. The current gold standard therapy in these cases are bone grafts.

Adipose tissue stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration-In vitro and in vivo.

After peripheral nerve injury, Schwann cells (SCs) are crucially involved in several steps of the subsequent regenerative processes, such as the Wallerian degeneration. They promote lysis and phagocytosis of myelin, secrete numbers of neurotrophic factors and cytokines, and recruit macrophages for a biological debridement. However, nerve injuries with a defect size of >1 cm do not show proper tissue regeneration and require a surgical nerve gap reconstruction.

The immunosuppressive effect of the endocannabinoid system on the inflammatory phenotypes of macrophages and mesenchymal stromal cells: a comparative study.

Background: The inflammatory sequence is the first phase of wound healing. Macrophages (MPhs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) respond to an inflammatory microenvironment by adapting their functional activity, which polarizes them into the pro-inflammatory phenotypes M1 and MSC1. Prolongation of the inflammatory phase results in the formation of chronic wounds.

Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabrics: A Versatile Platform to Generate Fiber-Reinforced Hydrogels for 3D Tissue Engineering.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess huge potential for regenerative medicine. For tissue engineering approaches, scaffolds and hydrogels are routinely used as extracellular matrix (ECM) carriers. The present study investigated the feasibility of using textile-reinforced hydrogels with adjustable porosity and elasticity as a versatile platform for soft tissue engineering.

The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.

Background: Adipose-derived stem cells are considered as candidate cells for regenerative plastic surgery. Measures to influence cellular properties and thereby direct their regenerative potential remain elusive. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy-the exposure to 100% oxygen at an increased atmospheric pressure-has been propagated as a noninvasive treatment for a multitude of indications and presents a potential option to condition cells for tissue-engineering purposes.

The effect of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on excisional wound healing .

The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been determined as a cytokine exerting a multitude of effects in inflammation and angiogenesis. Earlier studies have indicated that MIF may also be involved in wound healing and flap surgery. We investigated the effect of MIF in an excisional wound model in wildtype, and recombinant MIF treated mice.