Polymorphic RNA-Templated Modulation of Photophysics and Dynamics of a Molecular Rotor with Contrasting Affinity: A Demonstration of Sequential Energy Transfer-Triggered Bright White Light Generation.

Photophysical studies on the interaction of small molecules with various forms of nucleic acids are attracting attention nowadays in order to delineate the molecular level mechanism of various biological processes occurring in vivo. Herein, we employed vivid steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques to elucidate the detailed characterization of the binding interaction of a biologically active cationic dye thioflavin T (ThT) with double and triple helical forms of RNA - A.U duplex and U.

Hemochromatosis Proteins Hemojuvelin and Homeostatic Iron Regulator in Bone Morphogenetic Protein-Mediated Hepcidin Regulation and Iron Homeostasis.

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-SMAD signaling pathway is central to regulating hepcidin, the master regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated that BMP6, BMP2, and, to a lesser extent, BMP5 are the major ligands contributing to hepcidin and iron homeostasis regulation in vivo. Hemojuvelin (HJV) and homeostatic iron regulator (HFE) are hepcidin modulators that are mutated in hereditary hemochromatosis.

Risk factors and leprosy incidence among contacts in Bangladesh: A multilevel analysis.

Background: The Maltalep trial in Bangladesh assessed whether single-dose rifampicin (SDR) given 8-12 weeks after bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination was able to prevent excess leprosy cases due to BCG in contacts of newly diagnosed leprosy patients. After previous publication of the two years follow-up results of the trial, we now review the results after five years. Furthermore, to better understand the long-term protective effects of BCG against leprosy, we conduct post-hoc in-depth secondary statistical analyses based on the prospective interventional (randomized) Maltalep trial and a non-interventional (non-randomized) cohort study that was conducted simultaneously in the same project area.

3D foot kinetics estimation from distributed vGRF from smart insoles via 1D domain transformation.

Understanding foot kinetics is fundamental to analyzing human locomotion, offering critical insights into mechanical loads exerted on the feet. While vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) is widely used in biomechanics research, comprehensive 3D kinetic measurements, including ground reaction force (GRF), ground reaction moment (GRM), and center of pressure (CoP) along the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral axes, provide deeper insights for various applications. Smart insoles, though portable, cost-effective, and user-friendly, primarily capture vGRF and often generate lower-quality data than force plates and instrumented treadmills.

Synthesis of Polymer Nanohybrids for Glycerol Sensing, Fluorometric Viscosity Detection, and Metal-Free Electrocatalytic Glycerol Oxidation.

This research provides a constructive approach for developing high-performance polymer nanohybrids toward enhancing optoelectronic properties, fluorogenic viscosity sensing, and metal-free electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol to value-added organic(s). Herein, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and mildly oxidized RGO (MRGO) are strategically combined with fluorescent electroactive polymers (FEPs) to develop a promising sustainable metal-free electrocatalytic system suitable for amplifying opto-electrochemical properties, multiplatform sensing capacity, and electrocatalytic efficiency. The optimized polymeric counterpart (FEP2) promotes dual-state emission in the supramolecular network of RGO-/MRGO-incorporated fluorescent electroactive hybrid polymers (RFEHPs/MFEHPs) through physicochemically confined atypical electron-rich -C(═O)NH-/-C(═O)O-/-SOH fluorophores of (hydroxyethyl)methacrylate and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid monomers.

Dexamethasone in brain tumor patients: a real-world pharmacovigilance audit.

Introduction: Dexamethasone is routinely prescribed for the management of peritumoral edema in brain tumor patients. Despite available orientations for its management in neuro-oncology patients, the individual needs according to the natural history of the disease and treatment options allied to a hierarchical system with multiple teams involved poses significant challenges in its real-world application.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-centre observational study of 316 brain tumor referrals to a tertiary neurosurgical center over a 3-month period.

Spot urinary copper/creatinine ratio: a non-invasive tool for diagnosis of Wilson's disease in children.

Diagnosing Wilson's disease (WD) in children remains a significant challenge. This study evaluated spot urinary copper/creatinine (Cu/Cr) ratio for paediatric WD diagnosis in Bangladesh. 60 children (30 WD, 30 non-WD by Leipzig criteria) were enrolled, and the spot morning urinary Cu/Cr and 24-hour urinary copper were measured.

Identifying determinants of viral hepatitis and liver cancer care in Michigan Asian American communities through multilevel engagement.

Background: In Michigan, Asian Americans are disproportionately infected with HBV and HCV. As many infections are first diagnosed when patients present with advanced liver disease or liver cancer, HBV and HCV screening, awareness, and early treatment are critical to improving outcomes.

Methods: Using a theory-informed approach, we administered a bi-level qualitative study to identify determinants of viral hepatitis and liver cancer care and treatment in Michigan Asian American communities.

Major Causes of Perinatal and Paediatric Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia: Adjustment for Selection Bias in the CHAMPS Network.

Background: Studies of child mortality that employ minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) produce highly accurate cause of death data; however, selection bias may render these as non-representative of their underlying populations.

Objectives: Estimate cause-specific mortality fractions and rates for the five most frequent causes-underlying and others in the chain of events leading to death-among stillbirths, neonatal, infant and child deaths-in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, adjusted for any identified selection biases.

Methods: The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network collects standardised, population-based, longitudinal data on causes of death among stillbirths and under-five children in 12 catchments in seven countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Emerging two-dimensional nanomaterial and its modifications for enhanced antiviral applications: a review.

Highly resilient pathogens, especially viruses and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, present formidable challenges to public health due to their ability to evade conventional treatments. Traditional microbial disinfection methods, such as chemical deactivation and physical filtration, often fail to effectively neutralize viruses, thus leading to harmful by-products. In light of these limitations, there is a growing need for innovative solutions to address viral disinfection.

Conserved interfaces mediate multiple protein-protein interactions in a prokaryotic metabolon.

Enzymes in a pathway often form metabolons through weak protein-protein interactions (PPI) that localize and protect labile metabolites. Due to their transient nature, the structural architecture of these enzyme assemblies has largely remained elusive, limiting our abilities to re-engineer novel metabolic pathways. Here, we delineate a complete PPI map of 1225 interactions in the E.

Pharmacologic interrogation of USP28 cellular function in p53 signaling.

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are crucial regulators of ubiquitin signaling and protein degradation that remain incompletely understood in part due to the lack of high-quality chemical probes. To address this challenge, we developed CAS-010, a low nanomolar, ubiquitin-competitive inhibitor of USP28 that demonstrates preferential activity against USP28 over other DUBs, while also exhibiting some activity against the closely related USP25. We rationalized our SAR trends and observed selectivity using a crystal structure of USP28 in complex with an inhibitor.

Selective detection of an antibiotic using hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs): insights from DFT mechanistic analysis.

The development of non-toxic, cost-effective and high fluorescent sensing materials has earned significant interest in the last decade. In this work, a simple synthesis technique of mesoporous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) suitable for the ultrasensitive detection of a commonly used antibiotic, enrofloxacin (ENR), has been reported. The fluorescence of the HOF is completely quenched after the formation of a HOF-Cu complex as a turn off sensor which undergoes a turn-on mechanism in the presence of ENR.

Cooperation-conflict dynamics and ecological resilience under environmental disturbances.

Ecosystem stability is increasingly threatened by rapid environmental fluctuations that alter species interactions and survival strategies. Traditional steady-state analyses often overlook transient dynamics that govern ecosystem responses to accelerating change. This study explored rate-induced tipping (R-tipping), a phenomenon where environmental change rates outpace species' adaptive capacity, triggering abrupt shifts between ecological states.

Leveraging the influenza sentinel surveillance platform for SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in Bangladesh (2020-2024): a prospective sentinel surveillance study.

Background: There is limited global evidence on whether influenza sentinel surveillance platforms can be effectively adapted for long-term SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in low-resource contexts. We explored the utility of the hospital-based influenza sentinel surveillance (HBIS) platform for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh by comparing SARS-CoV-2 detection in HBIS platform with national COVID-19 platform and assessing how its integration into influenza surveillance aligns with national trends.

Methods: From March 2020 to December 2024, we analysed data from patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and influenza-like illness (ILI) enrolled in HBIS.

Upcycling battery waste into Zn-BTC metal organic framework for dual applications in electrochemical sensing of uric acid and antibacterial applications.

This study reports the sustainable synthesis of a zinc-based metal-organic framework (Zn-BTC MOF) using zinc, extracted from waste dry cell batteries. A three-step route involving zinc recovery, hydroxide precipitation, and solvothermal coordination with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) led to the formation of crystalline Zn-BTC. Comprehensive characterization, utilizing techniques such as XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM, TEM, XPS, EDS, and TGA-DSC, confirmed the formation of a highly ordered Zn-BTC MOF framework structure with nanoscale morphology and thermal stability.

Clustering within a single-component biomolecular condensate.

Biomolecular condensates (BMCs) are assemblies of hundreds to many thousands of macromolecules within cells that are organized without physical barriers. Condensate function is dictated not only by its molecular composition, but also by substructural organization and molecular mobility. One hypothesis for the onset of multiple protein aggregation diseases is that the increased densities of specific proteins within BMCs promotes the formation of solid inclusions.

Inverse-scattering in biological samples via beam-propagation.

Multiple scattering limits optical imaging in thick biological samples by scrambling sample-specific information. Physics-based inverse-scattering methods aim to computationally recover this information, often using non-convex optimization to reconstruct the scatter-corrected sample. However, this non-convexity can lead to inaccurate reconstructions, especially in highly scattering samples.

A review of heat transport in solvated gold nanoparticles: Molecular dynamics modeling and experimental perspectives.

Turning gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into nanoscale heat sources light irradiation has prompted significant research interest, particularly for biomedical applications, over the past few decades. The AuNP's tunable photothermal effect, notable biocompatibility, and ability to serve as vehicles for temperature-sensitive chemical linkers enable thermo-therapeutics, such as localized drug/gene delivery and thermal ablation of cancerous tissue. Thermal transport in aqueous AuNP solutions stands as the fundamental challenge to developing targeted thermal therapies; thus, this review article surveys recent advancements in our understanding of heat transfer and surface chemistry in AuNPs, with a particular focus on thermal boundary conductance across gold- and functionalized-gold-water interfaces.

Systemic effect of different physiological parameter associated with mirror syndrome.

Aim: This review aims to delve into the systemic repercussions of various physiological indicators interrelated in mirror syndrome while an individual is pregnant. This review explores the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and imbalances in angiogenic factors in disrupting placental function and contributing to endothelial damage in mirror syndrome. It also discusses how these physiological disturbances may affect maternal and fetal health.

Melioidosis presenting as septic arthritis in hip joint of a 60-year old patient: Findings from a hospital-based surveillance in Bangladesh.

Melioidosis is a fatal bacterial infection caused by a soil-borne bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Pneumonia, localized abscess and acute septicemia are the most common clinical presentations for melioidosis. Septic arthritis is relatively uncommon clinical manifestation and may cause severe infection.

Intracerebroventricular injection of taurine affords thermotolerance and regulates mitochondrial thermogenic gene expression in pectoralis muscle in neonatal chicks exposed to high ambient temperature.

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of taurine can induce hypothermia and attenuate stress behaviors in neonatal chicks under control thermoneutral temperature (CT) conditions. While, its ability to withstand heat stress (thermotolerance) has not identified yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of ICV taurine effects on thermoregulation, mitochondrial thermogenic gene expression, and amino acid metabolism in 5-day-old Julia male chick exposed to either high ambient temperature (HT) or CT conditions.

From code to cure: computational identification of LasR inhibitors to combat quorum sensing in P. aeruginosa.

Biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) poses a significant challenge in clinical settings due to its contribution to chronic infections and antibiotic resistance. Quorum sensing (QS), particularly regulated by the LasR receptor, plays a crucial role in biofilm development and virulence. In this study, an integrative in silico approach was employed to identify the potential LasR inhibitors.

Integrating Serological and Genomic Data to Elucidate Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Diversity in Cattle from Bangladesh.

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a transboundary pathogen threatening cattle health in South and Southeast Asia, presents growing challenges for disease control. This study combined serological, molecular, and genomic approaches to investigate LSDV in Barura Upazila, Bangladesh. Serological screening of 424 cattle using a commercial ELISA revealed a high seroprevalence of 55.

Emerging Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Causes Neurological Disease and Mortality in Scavenging Ducks in Bangladesh.

Scavenging domestic ducks significantly contribute to the transmission and maintenance of highly pathogenic H5N1 clade 2.3.4.