Rapid Specific PCR Detection Based on and for the Prediction of Chemotypes: Drug, Fiber, and Intermediate.

L. is divided into three main groups: drug-type, intermediate-type, and fiber-type. The presence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exceeding 0.

Development of liquid chromatography/ultraviolet and evaporating light scattering detector platform for simultaneous quantification of ginsenosides.

Ginsenosides, the primary bioactive components in ginseng, offer various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporosis, and neuroprotective effects. For consistent product quality and better understanding of these effects, accurate quantification of ginsenosides is essential. Although liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) can identify up to 200 ginsenosides, it is costly, complex, and requires specialized personnel.

Contributions of interspecific hybrids to genetic variability in Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. glabra.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza L.), a medicinally and economically significant genus in the Fabaceae, is known for synthesizing glycyrrhizin. Here, we present a newly assembled genome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, a key species distributed across Central and East Asia.

Development of a leaf metabolite-based intact sample distinguishing algorithm for the three varieties of Panax Vietnamensis.

Panax vietnamensis, indigenous to Vietnam and southern China, is classified into three subspecies: Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. (PVV), Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus (PVF), and Panax vietnamensis var.

New abietane-type diterpenoids from roots of Euonymus hamiltonianus and their cytotoxicity in human cancer cell.

Two new abietane-type diterpenoids, 6β-(3-furoyloxy)ferruginol (1) and 6-chloro-6,7-dehydroferruginol (2), were isolated from the roots of Euonymus hamiltonianus along with five known diterpenoids (3-7). Their structures were characterized using various spectroscopic analysis including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and ECD analysis. All isolated compounds (1-7) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against human colon cancer cell line, HCT116, and it was found to exhibit moderate cytotoxic activity with IC values ranging from 4.

A recent large-scale intraspecific IR expansion and evolutionary dynamics of the plastome of Peucedanum japonicum.

Peucedanum japonicum (PJ), a member of the Apiaceae family, is widely distributed and cultivated in East Asian countries for edible and functional foods. In this study, we compared the plastid genomes (plastomes) and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA (45S nrDNA) simultaneously from 10 PJ collections. Plastome-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the PJ accessions were monophyletic within the genus Peucedanum.

Correction: Authentication of Allium ulleungense, A. microdictyon and A. ochotense based on super-barcoding of plastid genome and 45S nrDNA.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

High-resolution genetic map and SNP chip for molecular breeding in a tetraploid medicinal plant.

Ginseng () renowned as the king of medicinal plants. Ginseng grows slowly under shade conditions, requiring at least 4 years to produce a limited number of seeds. Molecular breeding of ginseng faces challenges due to its the tetraploid genome and the absence of an efficient molecular marker system.

Root microbiome of Panax ginseng in comparison with three other medicinal plants in the families of Araliaceae and Apiaceae.

The intricate interplay between endophytic microorganisms and plants in the upkeep of biodiversity, the stability of communities, and the operation of ecosystems needs to be more adequately extensive. Although root-associated microbial communities of plants have been revealed for the last decade, the understanding of bacterial and fungal communities associated with the roots of medicinal plants remains elusive. To highlight the importance of Panax ginseng Meyer (PG) in our research, we investigated the root endophytic bacterial and fungal communities of Panax ginseng Meyer (PG), alongside Aralia cordata (AC), Angelica gigas (AG), and Peucedanum japonicum (PJ), utilizing amplicon-based community profiling and advanced bioinformatic methodologies.

Cytogenomic evaluation of regenerated Aralia elata using PLOP-FISH and flow cytometry.

Aralia elata is closely related to Panax ginseng and contains high levels of saponins and other medicinal compounds. Successful A. elata micropropagation is commercially significant; however, the genomic stability of tissue culture-derived regenerants is unclear.

Comprehensive Determination of the Phenolic Compound Contents and Antioxidant Potentials of Leaves and Roots of Harvested from Different Accessions and Growth Periods.

Thunberg, a medicinal plant, remains understudied despite its potential therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacities in the extracts of different accessions of by measuring the total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the extracts coupled with DPPH and ABTS assays. In addition, phytochemical screening via LC-MS/MS and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis quantified nine compounds wherein chlorogenic acid (CA) was found to be the most abundant in all compounds while hyperoside and peucedanol were the least.

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Properties of Sesame Seeds of Different Colors and Origin.

Rising health concerns regarding chronic diseases call for exploring natural sources of antioxidants and factors that influence their activity. This study evaluated the diversity of 112 sesame germplasms from Africa and Asia based on ten agronomic traits (seven quantitative and three qualitative), two antioxidant activities (ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities), and the content of one metabolite (TPC). TPC, DPPH, and ABTS were in the ranges of 4.

Chemical constituents from the roots of Cynanchum wilfordii with PCSK9 secretion inhibitory activities.

From the Cynanchum wilfordii roots, 32 compounds, including 5 previously undescribed (1, 4-6, 12) and 27 known (2, 3, 7-11, 13-32) compounds, were isolated, and their structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopic data and MS data aided by ECD calculations or the modified Mosher's reaction. All isolates were tested for their inhibitory effects on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) secretion. Among the isolates, compound 4, a methyl cholesterol analog, exhibited the most potent effect in reducing PCSK9 secretion, along with PCSK9 downregulation at the mRNA and protein levels via FOXO1/3 upregulation.

Associations of the Seed Fatty Acid Composition of Sesame ( L.) Germplasm with Agronomic Traits and Variations.

Sesame is an important oilseed crop grown for human consumption in many countries, with a high commercial value due to its high oleic/linoleic acid ratio (O/L ratio). However, its properties may vary among different accessions. In the current study, 282 sesame accessions were evaluated to determine the effects of agronomic traits and genotypes on the O/L ratio.

Mass spectrometry-based ginsenoside profiling: Recent applications, limitations, and perspectives.

Ginseng, the roots of species, is an important medicinal herb used as a tonic. As ginsenosides are key bioactive components of ginseng, holistic chemical profiling of them has provided many insights into understanding ginseng. Mass spectrometry has been a major methodology for profiling, which has been applied to realize numerous goals in ginseng research, such as the discrimination of different species, geographical origins, and ages, and the monitoring of processing and biotransformation.

Authentication of Allium ulleungense, A. microdictyon and A. ochotense based on super-barcoding of plastid genome and 45S nrDNA.

Allium ulleungense (AU) and A. microdictyon (AM) are valuable medicinal and edible vegetables, referred to as mountain garlic in Korea. The identification of AU, AM and a neighboring species A.

Rice OsGATA16 is a positive regulator for chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development.

Chloroplasts are essential organelles in plants that contain chlorophylls and facilitate photosynthesis for growth and development. As photosynthetic efficiency significantly impacts crop productivity, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast development has been crucial in increasing grain and biomass production. This study demonstrates the involvement of OsGATA16, an ortholog of Arabidopsis GATA, NITRATE INDUCIBLE, CARBON-METABOLISM INVOLVED (GNC), and GNC-LIKE/CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR 1 (GNL/CGA1), in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice (Oryza sativa).

Correction: Genetic and chemical markers for authentication of three Artemisia species: A. capillaris, A. gmelinii, and A. fukudo.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Extensive characterization of 28 complete chloroplast genomes of species: A perspective view of their organization and phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships.

The tribe Hydrangeeae displays a unique, distinctive disjunct distribution encompassing East Asia, North America and Hawaii. Despite its complex trait variations and polyphyletic nature, comprehensive phylogenomic and biogeographical studies on this tribe have been lacking. To address this gap, we sequenced and characterized 28 plastomes of Hydrangeeae.

Multiplex genotyping of SNPs in genomic DNA via hydrogel-based assay mediated with MutS and polyethylene glycol.

The simultaneous genotyping of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genomic DNA derived from organisms holds significant potential for applications such as precision medicine and food product authentication. However, conventional assay technologies including qPCR-based techniques, microarrays, and hydrogel-based assays face limitations in efficient multiplexing of SNPs, particularly for large-size DNA beyond kilobase scales, due to constraints in multiplex capability, specificity, or sensitivity. In this study, a hydrogel-based multiplex SNP genotyping platform specifically designed for genomic DNA is presented.

Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms for Ginsenoside Biosynthesis.

is a medicinal plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. Ginseng is known as the king of oriental medicine, which has been practiced since ancient times in East Asian countries and globally in the modern era. Ginseng is used as an adaptogen, and research shows that it has several pharmacological benefits for various ailments such as cancer, inflammation, diabetes, and neurological symptoms.

Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses of four species explore the dynamics of metabolite biosynthesis.

Background: The genus in the Araliaceae family has been used as traditional medicinal plants worldwide and is known to biosynthesize ginsenosides and phytosterols. However, genetic variation between species has influenced their biosynthetic pathways is not fully understood.

Methods: Simultaneous analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomes obtained from adventitious roots of two tetraploid species ( and ) and two diploid species ( and ) revealed the diversity of their metabolites and related gene expression profiles.