A 2-year calorie restriction intervention may reduce glycomic biological age biomarkers - a pilot study.

In this pilot study, a subset of CALERIE Phase 2 (No. NCT00427193, registered 25th Jan 2007) participants (n = 26) were evaluated for the effects of 2 years of 25% calorie restriction (CR) on N-glycosylation of IgG, plasma, and complement C3, as well as IgG-based biological age (GlycAge). Plasma samples were collected at baseline (BL), 12 (12mo), and 24 months (24mo).

Energy expenditure and obesity across the economic spectrum.

Global economic development has been associated with an increased prevalence of obesity and related health problems. Increased caloric intake and reduced energy expenditure are both cited as development-related contributors to the obesity crisis, but their relative importance remains unresolved. Here, we examine energy expenditure and two measures of obesity (body fat percentage and body mass index, BMI) for 4,213 adults from 34 populations across six continents and a wide range of lifestyles and economies, including hunter-gatherer, pastoralist, farming, and industrialized populations.

Predictive Value of V̇O in Adult Congenital Heart Disease in Comparison With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Peak oxygen consumption (V̇O) is used to predict outcomes and time to transplantation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF); V̇O also has predictive utility in patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). However, the predictive value of a given V̇O on cardiac events in patients with ACHD compared to HFrEF, especially after adjustment for age and sex, is unclear. Therefore, we performed a longitudinal cohort study comparing patients with ACHD to patients with HFrEF.

Increasing the health span: unique role for exercise.

Health span, that period between birth and onset of major disease(s), when adequate physical and cognitive function permit those daily living activities essential to life quality, is lower in the United States than other developed countries. Physical inactivity and excessive calorie intake occupy dominant roles both in the problem, and by redressing them, in the solution. Consequently, this review focuses on evidence that appropriate exercise engagement and calorie restriction (CR) can improve physical and mental health with a view to extending the health span.

Estradiol levels are differentially associated with pulse wave velocity in trauma-exposed premenopausal women with and without PTSD.

Arterial stiffness is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although estradiol (E2) is known to be cardioprotective, the available data point to a growing cardiovascular disease risk in women before menopause due to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of E2 on arterial compliance in trauma-exposed premenopausal women, with and without a clinical diagnosis of PTSD.

Predictive equation derived from 6,497 doubly labelled water measurements enables the detection of erroneous self-reported energy intake.

Nutritional epidemiology aims to link dietary exposures to chronic disease, but the instruments for evaluating dietary intake are inaccurate. One way to identify unreliable data and the sources of errors is to compare estimated intakes with the total energy expenditure (TEE). In this study, we used the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water Database to derive a predictive equation for TEE using 6,497 measures of TEE in individuals aged 4 to 96 years.

The Association of Menopausal Age with Sex Hormones and Anthropometric Measures Among Postmenopausal Women in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Study.

We investigated associations of menopausal age category with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio. We also explored the moderating effect of anthropometric measures on associations of menopausal age category with prespecified sex hormones: estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), sex hormone-binding globulin, bioavailable testosterone, and total testosterone-estradiol (T/E) ratio. In this cross-sectional study, we included 2,436 postmenopausal women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who had menopausal age, anthropometric, and sex hormone data at baseline.

Sleep as a possible mediator in the association of mental health parameters with cardiovascular health indices in women: exploratory analyses from the Heart SCORE Study.

Objective: This exploratory study aimed to determine the possible role of sleep in the relationships of depression and anxiety, with early surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, such as brachial artery (BA) diameter and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in women.

Methods: We included 1,075 self-reported postmenopausal women, 45 to 75 years from the Heart Strategies Concentrating on Risk Evaluation Study. Exposure variables were depression and anxiety assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively.

A 2-year calorie restriction intervention reduces glycomic biological age biomarkers.

Background/objective: In a subset of participants from the CALERIE Phase 2 study we evaluated the effects of 2y of ~25% Calorie Restriction (CR) diet on IgG N-glycosylation (GlycAge), plasma and complement C3 N-glycome as markers of aging and inflammaging.

Methods: Plasma samples from 26 participants in the CR group who completed the CALERIE2 trial and were deemed adherent to the intervention (~>10 % CR at 12 mo) were obtained from the NIA AgingResearchBiobank. Glycomic investigations using UPLC or LC-MS analyses were conducted on samples from baseline (BL), mid-intervention (12 mo) and post-intervention (24 mo), and changes resulting from the 2y CR intervention were examined.

Predictive Value of V̇O in Adult Congenital Heart Disease in Comparison with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Background: Peak oxygen consumption (V̇O ) is used to predict outcomes and the timing of transplantation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF); V̇O also has predictive utility in patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). However, the predictive value of a given V̇O in patients with ACHD compared to those with HFrEF, especially after adjustment for age and sex, is not clear.

Methods: To address this, we performed a longitudinal cohort study comparing patients with ACHD to patients with HFrEF.

Blunted brachial blood flow velocity response to acute mental stress in PTSD females.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Compared with males, females are twice as likely to develop PTSD after trauma exposure, and cardiovascular reactivity to stress is a known risk factor for CVD. We aimed to examine hemodynamic responses to acute mental stress in trauma-exposed females with and without a clinical diagnosis of PTSD.

Effect of long-term caloric restriction on telomere length in healthy adults: CALERIE™ 2 trial analysis.

Caloric restriction (CR) modifies lifespan and aging biology in animal models. The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE™) 2 trial tested translation of these findings to humans. CALERIE™ randomized healthy, nonobese men and premenopausal women (age 21-50y; BMI 22.

Dietary Sodium and Potassium Patterns in Adults with Food Insecurity in the Context of Hypertension Risk.

Background: Food insecurity (FIS), characterized by the lack of consistent access to nutritious food, is associated with hypertension and adverse health outcomes. Despite evidence of a higher prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in patients living with FIS, there is limited data exploring the underlying mechanism.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 17,015 adults aged 18-65 years, using dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018).

Intensive Versus Traditional Cardiac Rehabilitation: Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in a 2016-2020 Retrospective Medicare Cohort.

Background: Traditional cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves cardiovascular outcomes and reduces mortality, but less is known about the relative benefit of intensive CR (ICR) which incorporates greater lifestyle education through 72 sessions (versus 36 in CR). Our objective was to determine whether ICR is associated with a mortality and cardiovascular benefit compared with CR.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of Medicare Fee-For-Service beneficiaries in a 100% sample, claims data set.

Calorie restriction reduces biomarkers of cellular senescence in humans.

Calorie restriction (CR) with adequate nutrient intake is a potential geroprotective intervention. To advance this concept in humans, we tested the hypothesis that moderate CR in healthy young-to-middle-aged individuals would reduce circulating biomarkers of cellular senescence, a fundamental mechanism of aging and aging-related conditions. Using plasma specimens from the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE™) phase 2 study, we found that CR significantly reduced the concentrations of several senescence biomarkers at 12 and 24 months compared to an ad libitum diet.

The inorganic NItrate and eXercise performance in Heart Failure (iNIX-HF) phase II clinical trial: Rationale and study design.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating and often fatal disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Diminished nitric oxide synthesis, signaling, and bioavailability are believed to contribute to poor skeletal muscle function and aerobic capacity. The aim of this clinical trial (iNIX-HF) is to determine the acute and longer-term effectiveness of inorganic nitrate supplementation on exercise performance in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Calorie restriction modulates the transcription of genes related to stress response and longevity in human muscle: The CALERIE study.

The lifespan extension induced by 40% caloric restriction (CR) in rodents is accompanied by postponement of disease, preservation of function, and increased stress resistance. Whether CR elicits the same physiological and molecular responses in humans remains mostly unexplored. In the CALERIE study, 12% CR for 2 years in healthy humans induced minor losses of muscle mass (leg lean mass) without changes of muscle strength, but mechanisms for muscle quality preservation remained unclear.

Greater male variability in daily energy expenditure develops through puberty.

There is considerably greater variation in metabolic rates between men than between women, in terms of basal, activity and total (daily) energy expenditure (EE). One possible explanation is that EE is associated with male sexual characteristics (which are known to vary more than other traits) such as musculature and athletic capacity. Such traits might be predicted to be most prominent during periods of adolescence and young adulthood, when sexual behaviour develops and peaks.

Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not reduced activity expenditure.

Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance. Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced activity levels contributes is debated. Here we show that in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over time.

Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors.

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day.