A Population-Based Study of Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Adults with Ocular Cancer in the United States, 2000-2021.

Little is known about the manifestation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among individuals with ocular cancer (OC), a population for whom reports on sex-based differences in survival remain inconsistent. We evaluated the occurrence of CVD mortality after the diagnosis of OC in the United States. We used data from 11,460 adults diagnosed with OC from 2000 to 2021 who were ≥18 years and were enrolled in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.

An overview of the association between socioeconomic deprivation and heart failure.

Although geographic variations exist in heart failure (HF), the prevalence of HF is increasing worldwide with a higher rise in low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (L-MICs). HF has enormous socioeconomic impact and is a leading contributor to global healthcare expenditure. Individual and composite measures of socioeconomic deprivation (SED) have consistently been linked to HF incidence as well as HF-related hospitalization and mortality.

Sex differences in the presentation, pathophysiology, and prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

The prevalence of HFpEF is rising, especially among older females. Females possess unique attributes in their cardiovascular risk factor profiles, cardiac remodeling patterns, and sex hormonal composition that predispose them to an increased risk of developing HFpEF in comparison to males. Although comorbidities play an important role in driving the cardiac and extracardiac abnormalities manifested in HFpEF, there are ventricular-vascular properties that cannot be explained by comorbidities alone.

A PD-L1/CD3 Bispecific Antibody Enhances the Antitumor Effects of Regorafenib against Colon Cancer.

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The current standard of care for patients may involve surgery, chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, but these approaches typically fail to secure durable responses against late-stage disease. Regorafenib (REG) is an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor with immunomodulating properties for patients with colorectal cancer who progress on standard care, but 5-year relative survival rates for individuals dosed with the drug as a monotherapy are poor.

Sex Hormones and Heart Failure Risk.

Heart failure (HF) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Although there are inconsistencies, epidemiological studies have implicated sex hormones (SHs) in pathways that are linked to HF. The age-related decline in SH levels causes physiological changes that differentially impact HF risk in both sexes.

Longitudinal Measures of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Associated with Subfertility in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Introduction: Previous reports have noted associations between subfertility in women and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in later life. However, reports conflict regarding the associations between subfertility and CVD risk factors. Using data from a population-based cohort of Black and White women, we examined the association between longitudinal assessments of CVD risk factors and subfertility.

The Association of Menopausal Age with Sex Hormones and Anthropometric Measures Among Postmenopausal Women in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Study.

We investigated associations of menopausal age category with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio. We also explored the moderating effect of anthropometric measures on associations of menopausal age category with prespecified sex hormones: estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), sex hormone-binding globulin, bioavailable testosterone, and total testosterone-estradiol (T/E) ratio. In this cross-sectional study, we included 2,436 postmenopausal women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who had menopausal age, anthropometric, and sex hormone data at baseline.

Trajectories of depressive symptoms in a population-based cohort of Black and White women from late reproductive age through the menopause transition: a 30-year analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how depressive symptoms change in midlife and across the menopause transition.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prospective population-based cohort, the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. We included women (n = 2,160) with ≥3 responses to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) beginning at examination year 5, at approximately 30 years of age, and again at years 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 (ages 35 through 60 years).

Radiologic anatomic study of the humeral medullary canal.

Hypothesis/background: Patient-specific implants have become an increasingly researched area to improve surgical outcomes. Patient-specific implants have been suggested to provide advantages for better implant alignment and thus improve surgical outcomes. One such area for application is in the use of intramedullary nails for humeral fracture stabilization.

Infertility treatments and cyanotic congenital heart defects among livebirths in the USA: findings from a contemporary cohort.

Study Question: Is there an elevated risk of cyanotic congenital heart defects (CCHD) among livebirths following infertility treatments?

Summary Answer: In this population-based study of single livebirths, infertility treatment (either ART or non-ART) was associated with a higher prevalence of CCHD among livebirths.

What Is Known Already: The use of infertility treatment has been on the rise over the past few decades. However, there are limited studies assessing the risk of major cardiac defects following infertility treatments.

The Relation of Serum Vitamin C Concentrations with Alzheimer's Disease Mortality in a National Cohort of Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults.

The relation of vitamin C with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is equivocal. The aim of this study was to assess the relation of serum vitamin C levels with AD-related mortality, and to evaluate the threshold beyond which the potential benefits of higher serum concentrations of vitamin C for AD mortality ceases. The cohort consisted of 4504 adults aged ≥60 years enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who had serum measures of vitamin C and no cognitive impairment at baseline (1988-1994) and were followed-up for mortality until 2019.

The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Adults with Vision Impairment from Low-, Middle- and High-Income Countries.

Purpose: The limited evidence for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults with vision impairment (VI) has often been from developed countries using self-reported VI. This study evaluated the association of objectively-determined VI with the risk of CVD among adults from low-, middle-, and high-income countries.

Methods: Data were from 32,268 adults aged 30-74 years without CVD or blindness from China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation, South Africa, and the United States during 2007-2010.

Timing of Surgery and Social Determinants of Health Related to Pathologic Complete Response after Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma: Retrospective Study of National Cancer Database.

Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for rectal adenocarcinoma (RAC) involves multi-agent chemotherapy and radiation before definitive surgery. Previous studies of the rest period (time between radiation and surgery) and pathologic complete response (pCR) have produced mixed results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the rest period and pCR.

Targeting the pericyte antigen DLK1 with an alpha type-1 polarized dendritic cell vaccine results in tumor vascular modulation and protection against colon cancer progression.

Despite the availability of various treatment options, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality. Current standard-of-care interventions, including surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted agents like immune checkpoint blockade and anti-angiogenic therapies, have improved short-term patient outcomes depending on disease stage, but survival rates with metastasis remain low. A promising strategy to enhance the clinical experience with CRC involves the use of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines that incite immunity against tumor-derived blood vessels, which are necessary for CRC growth and progression.

Listeria-based vaccination against the pericyte antigen RGS5 elicits anti-vascular effects and colon cancer protection.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality despite efforts to improve standard interventions. As CRC patients can benefit from immunotherapeutic strategies that incite effector T cell action, cancer vaccines represent a safe and promising therapeutic approach to elicit protective and durable immune responses against components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we investigate the pre-clinical potential of a (Lm)-based vaccine targeting the CRC-associated vasculature.

Reduced Risk of All-Cause, Cancer-, and Cardiovascular Disease-Related Mortality among Patients with Primary Malignant Cardiac Tumors Receiving Chemotherapy in the United States.

Primary malignant cardiac tumors (PMCTs) are rare but lethal neoplasms. There are limited evidence-based treatment guidelines for PMCTs. We evaluated the relation of chemotherapy with mortality outcomes in patients with PMCTs in the United States.

Global Prevalence of Severe Neonatal Jaundice among Hospital Admissions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Evidence regarding the adverse burden of severe neonatal jaundice (SNJ) in hospitalized neonates in resource-constrained settings is sparse. We attempted to determine the prevalence of SNJ, described using clinical outcome markers, in all World Health Organization (WHO) regions in the world. Data were sourced from Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library, African Journals Online, and Global Index Medicus.

Factors associated with self-report of polycystic ovary syndrome in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (CARDIA).

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is underdiagnosed, but factors associated with women's report of diagnosis are not well-understood, particularly social determinants of health. Therefore, in a population-based cohort, we compared the characteristics of women with self-reported PCOS vs. women who have unrecognized PCOS vs.

The prospective association of hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovary syndrome with incident gestational diabetes: The coronary artery risk development in young adults women's study.

In this 28-year prospective study of 455 women (mean age: 26 years), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was associated with a 2.6-fold elevated risk of gestational diabetes (GDM). However, hyperandrogenism or oligomenorrhea in the absence of PCOS was not associated with GDM.

Women's Reproductive Milestones and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Review of Reports and Opportunities From the CARDIA Study.

In 1985 to 1986, the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study enrolled 5115 Black or White participants, including 2788 women, aged 18 to 30 years. Over the following 35 years, the CARDIA study amassed extensive longitudinal data on women's reproductive milestones, spanning menarche to menopause. Although not initially conceived as a study of women's health, >75 CARDIA study publications address relationships between reproductive factors and events with cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease, and social determinants of health.

Racial and ethnic disparities in the association of maternal infection during pregnancy and risk of cyanotic congenital heart defects in the United States, 2011-2020.

Purpose: The etiology of cyanotic congenital heart defects (CCHD) is not well understood. There are scarce data on racial/ethnic disparities in maternal infection and CCHD. We evaluated the relation of maternal infections during pregnancy and risk of CCHD in the United States, and to assess if this association varies by race/ethnicity.