Investigating Sex Differences in the Association of Disclosure and Concealment of Sexual Minority Identity with Cardiovascular Health in the CARDIA Cohort at Year 35.

Objective: Sexual minority (SM) populations experience worse cardiovascular health than heterosexual populations. One potential pathway is the effects of disclosure (sharing) or concealment (withholding) of SM identity due to anticipated discrimination. However, no studies have investigated the association between disclosure or concealment and cardiovascular health.

Prediabetes transitions to normoglycaemia or type 2 diabetes and associated risk factors in the Obesity, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Collaboration: an individual-level pooled analysis of 19 prospective cohort studies.

Background: With the increasing global burden of type 2 diabetes, prevention strategies that target prediabetes, a state of hyperglycaemia that puts individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes, are required. We aimed to estimate global rates of transition from prediabetes to normoglycaemia or type 2 diabetes, stratified by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. We also aimed to quantify the effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on these transitions.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses incorporating SNP-by-psychosocial interactions identify novel loci for serum lipids.

Serum lipid levels, which are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, are key determinants of cardiometabolic health and are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Improving our understanding of their underlying biological mechanisms can have important public health and therapeutic implications. Although psychosocial factors, including depression, anxiety, and perceived social support, are associated with serum lipid levels, it is unknown if they modify the effect of genetic loci that influence lipids.

Quality of Large-Scale Video Head Impulse Test Data: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Objective: To evaluate the quality and agreement of video head impulse test (vHIT) data collected by technicians without extensive vestibular training compared with audiologists.

Study Design: Review of data collected at a single time point (year 35) as part of a larger observational cohort study known as the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Setting: Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; and Oakland, CA.

Association between household sleep environment and sleep health characteristics in middle-aged adults: The CARDIA sleep study.

Objectives: Household environmental factors and sleep hygiene may contribute to poor sleep health. We identified associations between household sleep environment (HHSE) and sleep health characteristics in White and Black adults.

Methods: This study included cross-sectional data from the CARDIA sleep ancillary study at Year 35 (n=711).

Longitudinal changes in circulating cyclic guanosine monophosphate in women over the menopause transition compared to men: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Objective: The menopause transition is a period of accelerated cardiovascular disease (CVD) development in women, and sex differences in CVD incidence are reduced after menopause. Higher plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels are also associated with greater CVD risk. Thus, we examined the changes in cGMP levels associated with the menopause transition.

Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibody Response Among Previously Infected US Adults: The C4R Study.

Despite the availability of effective vaccines and a recent decrease in annual deaths, COVID-19 remains a leading cause of death. Serological studies provide insights into host immunobiology of adaptive immune response to infection, which holds promise for identifying high-risk individuals for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. We investigated correlates of anti-nucleocapsid antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a US population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding National Institutes of Health-funded cohort studies.

Food Insecurity and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among Black and White US Individuals, 2000-2020.

Importance: Food insecurity is associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD), but studies have been limited to cross-sectional data.

Objectives: To study whether food insecurity is associated with incident CVD and to determine whether this association varies by sex, education, or race.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study was conducted among US adults without preexisting CVD participating in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study from 2000 to August 31, 2020.

A Large-Scale Genome-wide Association Study of Blood Pressure Accounting for Gene-Depressive Symptomatology Interactions in 564,680 Individuals from Diverse Populations.

Background: Gene-environment interactions may enhance our understanding of hypertension. Our previous study highlighted the importance of considering psychosocial factors in gene discovery for blood pressure (BP) but was limited in statistical power and population diversity. To address these challenges, we conducted a multi-population genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BP accounting for gene-depressive symptomatology (DEPR) interactions in a larger and more diverse sample.

Chronotype and Sleep Timing by Race-Gender: The CARDIA Sleep Study.

Chronotype indicates a person's "circadian preference," that is, the time of day when they prefer to perform certain activities (e.g. a "morning" vs "evening" person).

The association between depressive symptoms and lower urinary tract symptoms and impact among women: Investigating behavioural, cognitive and physiological pathways.

Objective: Mechanistic studies are needed to understand why depressive symptoms are associated with poorer physical health. The objective of this study was to examine whether behavioural, cognitive and physiological factors mediated an association between depressive symptoms, measured in early adulthood, and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and their impact, a composite variable measured in mid-life adulthood, among women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, conducted in four regions of the United States.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Longitudinal Measures of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Associated with Subfertility in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Introduction: Previous reports have noted associations between subfertility in women and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in later life. However, reports conflict regarding the associations between subfertility and CVD risk factors. Using data from a population-based cohort of Black and White women, we examined the association between longitudinal assessments of CVD risk factors and subfertility.

The Association of Menopausal Age with Sex Hormones and Anthropometric Measures Among Postmenopausal Women in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Study.

We investigated associations of menopausal age category with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio. We also explored the moderating effect of anthropometric measures on associations of menopausal age category with prespecified sex hormones: estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), sex hormone-binding globulin, bioavailable testosterone, and total testosterone-estradiol (T/E) ratio. In this cross-sectional study, we included 2,436 postmenopausal women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who had menopausal age, anthropometric, and sex hormone data at baseline.

Predictors of plasma HDL-C concentrations in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

HDL-C is an established risk marker for coronary heart disease. We investigated sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric/physiologic, and other predictors of HDL-C over 30 years of follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a multicenter, longitudinal cohort with a baseline exam in 1985-86 and follow-up exams at least every five years through 2016. During exams, participants completed various questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and blood collection.

The menopausal transition and multiple physiologic measures of early brain health in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.

Objective: This study proposed to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of menopausal status with physiologic brain magnetic resonance imaging measures.

Methods: The sample included women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study who self-reported their reproductive histories and participated in the brain magnetic resonance imaging substudies at the year 25 (n = 292) and year 30 (n = 258) follow-up examinations. Menopausal status was classified based on natural menstrual cycle regularity/cessation at both time points.

Trajectories of depressive symptoms in a population-based cohort of Black and White women from late reproductive age through the menopause transition: a 30-year analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how depressive symptoms change in midlife and across the menopause transition.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prospective population-based cohort, the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. We included women (n = 2,160) with ≥3 responses to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) beginning at examination year 5, at approximately 30 years of age, and again at years 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 (ages 35 through 60 years).

CARDIA sleep ancillary study: study design and methods.

Sleep and circadian disturbances are common and are experienced more often by Black compared to White individuals. We conducted an observational study of sleep that was ancillary to an ongoing cohort study, Coronary Artery Disease in Young Adults (CARDIA). The goal of the ancillary study will be to examine potential determinants of sleep/circadian disparities between Black and White adults in future analyses.

Associations of disordered eating and unhealthy weight control behaviors with cardiovascular health: The coronary artery risk development in young adults study.

Objective: Few studies have investigated disordered eating and unhealthy weight control behaviors and cardiovascular health (CVH) outside of adolescence and early adulthood. We examined the cross-sectional and prospective associations of these behaviors and CVH in middle adulthood.

Method: A total of 2,095 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults participants were assessed at Year 10 (Y10, 1995-1996) and Year 30 (Y30, 2015-2016).

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Brain Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study.

Background: To understand the role of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (GH), in brain health earlier in life, we investigated the association of HDP with midlife cognition and brain health.

Methods: We studied a prospective cohort of women, baseline age 18 to 30 years, who were assessed at study years 25 and 30 with a cognitive battery and a subset with brain magnetic resonance imaging. A history of HDP was defined based on self-report.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver modifies associations of body mass index and waist circumference with cardiometabolic risk: The CARDIA study.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as a prevalent determinant of cardiometabolic diseases. The association between NAFLD and obesity warrants further research on how NAFLD modifies associations between body mass index (BMI) and Waist circumference (WC) with cardiometabolic risk (CMR).

Objective: This study assessed whether NAFLD modifies associations between BMI and WC with 5-year changes in CMR in 2366 CARDIA study participants.

The longitudinal association of adipose-to-lean ratio with incident cardiometabolic morbidity: The CARDIA study.

Aim: To assess the association of adipose-to-lean ratio (ALR) with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and dyslipidemia in middle adulthood.

Method: Black and White Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults participants without T2DM, hypertension, or dyslipidemia in 2005-06 (baseline) were included. Baseline adipose and lean mass were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.