Insulin resistance and the risk of incident depression: the role of age, glycemic status, and adiposity in a prospective cohort study.

Background: Despite emerging evidence, the causal relationship between insulin resistance and depression remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate whether insulin resistance is associated with increased risk of incident depression and whether the association is affected by potential moderators.

Methods: This multi-centered prospective cohort study analyzed health screening data from 233,452 Korean adults participating in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study from 2011 to 2022.

The association between physical activity and burnout among healthy Korean employees: Identifying recommended physical activity ranges.

Background: Burnout is a growing public health issue with serious health and economic burden globally. Although physical activity has been shown to affect mental health outcomes, its association with burnout remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and burnout and to explore PA ranges associated with lower burnout.

Observer-Blind Randomized Control Trial for the Effectiveness of Intensive Case Management in Seoul: Clinical and Quality-of-Life Outcomes for Severe Mental Illness.

Objective: In South Korea, there is a significant gap in systematic, evidence-based research on intensive case management (ICM) for individuals with severe mental illness (SMI). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ICM through a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing ICM with standard case management (non-ICM).

Methods: An RCT was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Seoul-intensive case management (S-ICM) vs.

Stability of psychotic symptoms and safety in switching to aripiprazole once-monthly according to prior oral antipsychotic drugs.

Long-acting injectable aripiprazole has substantiated safety and efficacy in treating schizophrenia. However, interindividual variability in clinical response to aripiprazole, possibly linked to its D2 partial agonism and D2 upregulation due to prior antipsychotics, has been reported. This study assessed whether there would be symptomatic aggravations or adverse events in clinically stable patients with schizophrenia when switching from oral antipsychotics to aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM), considering prior antipsychotics: oral aripiprazole (Group I) or other D2 antagonists (Group II).

Video-estimated peak jump power using deep learning is associated with sarcopenia and low physical performance in adults.

Unlabelled: Video-estimated peak jump power (vJP) using deep learning showed strong agreement with ground truth jump power (gJP). vJP was associated with sarcopenia, age, and muscle parameters in adults, with providing a proof-of-concept that markerless monitoring of peak jump power could be feasible in daily life space.

Objectives: Low peak countermovement jump power measured by ground force plate (GFP) is associated with sarcopenia, impaired physical function, and elevated risk of fracture in older adults.

Fludarabine attenuates inflammation and dysregulated autophagy in alveolar macrophages via inhibition of STAT1/IRF1 pathway.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI), including its most severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is a common cause of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Although its clinical characteristics have been well characterized, the relevant mechanism remains unclear. An imbalance in autophagy leads to alveolar remodeling and triggers the pathogenesis of ARDS.

A New Agenda for Optimizing Roles and Infrastructure in a Mental Health Service Model for South Korea.

Objective: As the demand for community mental health services continues to grow, the need for well-equipped and organized services has become apparent. This study aimed to optimize the roles and infrastructure of mental health services, by establishing, among other initiatives, standardized operating models.

Methods: The study was conducted in multiple phases from May 12, 2021, to December 29, 2021.

The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in Korean: Initial Validation and Associations with Psychiatric Disorders.

Background/objectives: Stressors occurring across the life course are considered to have a cumulative impact on health, but there is no instrument for assessing lifetime stressor exposure in Korea. Therefore, we validated the Stress and Adversity Inventory (Adult STRAIN) in Korean.

Methods: We translated the Adult STRAIN into Korean and examined its concurrent, predictive, and comparative predictive validity in 218 Korean adults (79 men, 139 women; = 29.

Effect of romosozumab on bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in premenopausal women with low bone mass.

Unlabelled: We investigated the efficacy of romosozumab in premenopausal women with low bone mass. Romosozumab substantially increased bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in these women, aligning with its proven therapeutic benefits for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Purpose: Romosozumab, an anti-sclerostin antibody, is a promising anabolic agent that increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption.

Predicting depressive symptoms in employees through life stressors: subgroup analysis by gender, age, working hours, and income level.

Background: Although evidence has accumulated regarding the association between various stressors and depression, few studies have considered the context in which multiple stressors coexist simultaneously. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the relative importance of seven major life stressors on depressive symptoms: workplace stress, family relationships, interpersonal conflicts, health problems, financial strains, traumatic events, and mannerisms, and analyzed its variation in subgroups.

Methods: Data from 12,541 Korean employees were analyzed.

Sex-Specific Association of Low Muscle Mass with Depression Status in Asymptomatic Adults: A Population-Based Study.

Background: The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between low muscle mass (LMM) and depression, with a specific focus on identifying the sex-specific relationship between LMM and depression in a large sample.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study involved 292,922 community-dwelling adults from 2012 to 2019. Measurements were taken using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD) scale and body composition analyses.

Romosozumab following denosumab improves lumbar spine bone mineral density and trabecular bone score greater than denosumab continuation in postmenopausal women.

Romosozumab following anti-resorptive can be an effective sequential treatment strategy to improve bone strength. However, whether the transition to romosozumab after denosumab is associated with greater improvement in bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) compared with denosumab continuation remains unclear. In this propensity score-matched cohort study, we analyzed data from postmenopausal women who initiated denosumab between 2017 and 2020.

A Multi-Center, Open-Label, Single-Arm Study to Investigate the Early Effectiveness of Esketamine Nasal Spray in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression Using a Mobile Self-Monitoring Application.

This study assesses the early effectiveness of esketamine nasal spray (ESK) in adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) 1 day after the first administration, as monitored through self-assessment via the mobile application, Esketamine Continuing Assessment for Relapse Prevention (EsCARe). In this multi-center, open-label, single-arm study, adults aged 18-65 years diagnosed with TRD after failing at least two antidepressant therapies were enrolled from five tertiary hospitals in South Korea. During the induction period, participants self-administered ESK twice weekly and used the EsCARe app daily to record mood, sleep, and somatic symptoms.

Psychological Distress Trends and Effect of Media Exposure Among Community Residents After the Seoul Halloween Crowd Crush.

Background: It is unclear how exposure to and perception of community trauma creates a mental health burden. This study aimed to examine the psychological distress trends among community residents in acute stress reaction, acute stress disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder phases following the Seoul Halloween crowd crush.

Methods: A three-wave repeated cross-sectional survey was conducted with participants after the incident.

Medication burden reduction and early clinical benefit through aripiprazole once monthly in schizophrenia patients with polypharmacy.

Antipsychotic polypharmacy is commonly used in clinical settings, with a growing trend in using long-acting injections to mitigate many side effects of polypharmacy. A previous study demonstrated that long-acting aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM) injection increased treatment adherence, restored functionality, and improved symptoms. However, there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate the therapeutic effects of AOM in polypharmacy practice.

Sex Differences in the Association between Prolonged Sitting Time and Anxiety Prevalence among Korean Adults.

Sex differences in the effect of prolonged sitting time on anxiety symptoms have not yet been explored. This study examined the sex-specific association between prolonged sitting time and anxiety prevalence in Korean adults. Community-dwelling adults aged >18 years who underwent a cross-sectional structured study survey of physical activity and mental health tests were enrolled as part of the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Cohort Study from 2012 to 2019.

Exploring the Association between Elevated Anxiety Symptoms and Low Skeletal Muscle Mass among Asymptomatic Adults: A Population-Based Study in Republic of Korea.

Individuals with mental health problems are at higher risk of musculoskeletal diseases. However, the association between low muscle mass (LMM) and anxiety symptoms remains uninvestigated. This cross-sectional study enrolled 174,262 adults (73,833 women, 100,429 men), aged 18 to 89, who completed the anxiety scale and body composition analyses.

Association between intra-individual variability and prefrontal cortex activity measured by functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in children with ADHD.

This study uses fNIRS to determine whether there is a difference in the relationship between intra-individual variability and frontal lobe activity between ADHD patients and typically developing children. A total of 28 subjects (14 in ADHD patient group and 14 in control group) participated in this study. The subjects were tested for K-SADS and intelligence, and then the frontal lobe activity of the subjects was measured by continuous performance test, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRSIT).

Association of secondhand smoke with fracture risk in community-dwelling nonsmoking adults in Korea.

Although the detrimental effects of active smoking on bone health have been widely recognized, the impact of secondhand smoke exposure on fracture risk in non-smokers remains less understood. A total of 4843 nonsmokers aged 40-69 yr, who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study from 2001 to 2018, were analyzed. The participants were categorized into two groups based on their exposure status to secondhand smoke: currently exposed and unexposed.