Subretinal Hyperreflective Material, Atrophy, and Intraretinal Fluid in Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy.

Purpose: To assess the association between subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM), atrophy, and intraretinal fluid (IRF) in pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV).

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Subjects: A total of 120 eyes diagnosed with PNV and treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for more than 1 year.

Gold Nanoparticle-mRNA Conjugates Encapsulated in Lipid Nanoparticles for Coordinated Codelivery of Multiple mRNAs.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be engineered to be utilized as carriers via anchoring multiple nucleic acids, including mRNAs, in specific ratios. However, the negative charge of mRNA-AuNP conjugates presents significant challenges for efficient cellular uptake and subsequent expression. To overcome this limitation, we developed a delivery system that combines mRNA-AuNP conjugation with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to enhance intracellular delivery.

Assessment of Capsular Contracture Based on Morphological Change of Breast Implant Using Computed Tomography.

Background: Capsular contracture is a common complication following implant-based breast reconstruction. Current assessment methods, primarily relying on the subjective Baker grading system, lack objectivity and quantitative data, which hinders large-scale studies and the development of treatment guidelines. To solve these problems, we conducted a study using computed tomography (CT) scans to quantitatively evaluate morphological changes in breast implants associated with capsular contracture.

Re-evaluation of arterial dissection as a possible major cause of lateral medullary infarction in a single-center study from South Korea.

Limited sensitivity of conventional MRI and the invasiveness of TFCA have restricted the diagnosis of arterial dissection in lateral medullary infarction (LMI), leading to its underestimation and obscuring its clinical significance. However, high-resolution vessel wall MRI (HR-VWMRI) now allows more accessible and accurate diagnosis of dissection, prompting reevaluation of its prevalence. This single-center retrospective study included the LMI patients, among whom a subset underwent advanced imaging as HR-VWMRI or TFCA to confirm definite arterial dissection, and identified clinical factors associated with dissection.

The preoperative education on realistic expectations does not continually improve patients' satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty? A randomized controlled trial with serial assessment.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether preoperative education using an additional module based on realistic expectations continuously improves patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), particularly in highly centrally sensitized patients.

Methods: This was a single-center, randomized controlled trial. Initially, 172 patients who underwent TKA were enroled.

Full-endoscopic decompression for L5/S1 far-out syndrome: Operative video.

We report a case L5/S1 extraforaminal stenosis, treated using a full-endoscopic system and describe the key technical steps involved.

Subjective distress mediates the association between olfactory dysfunction duration and depression in post COVID 19 patients.

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been reported in individuals who recovered from COVID-19. Those with OD after COVID-19 (COVID-19 group) exhibited more severe psychiatric symptoms than those with OD from other etiologies (non-COVID-19 group). This study investigates differences in psychological symptoms and related clinical factors between these groups.

Rebamipide (Mucosta®), a clinically approved drug, alleviates neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a Parkinson's disease model.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss, neuroinflammation, and motor dysfunction. PD is a multifactorial disease, with neuroinflammation driven by NLRP3 inflammasome activation representing an important component of its pathological progression. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of rebamipide (Mucosta®), a clinically approved anti-inflammatory agent, in PD by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Adding Teres Major Transfer to Arthroscopic-Assisted Posterior Latissimus Dorsi Transfer Provides Superior Outcomes for Posterosuperior Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears.

Purpose: To compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of arthroscopic-assisted latissimus dorsi transfer (LDT) and arthroscopic-assisted posterior latissimus dorsi and teres major (pLDTM) transfer in patients with posterosuperior irreparable rotator cuff tears (PSIRCTs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with PSIRCTs who underwent LDT or pLDTM transfer between January 2017 and December 2020 and were followed up for at least 2 years. Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on pain, patient-reported outcome scores, active range of motion, and active range-of-motion strength.

IUPHAR review: Microbiota-gut-brain axis and its role in neuropsychiatric disorders.

The human gut microbiome, composed of a vast array of microorganisms that have co-evolved with humans, is crucial for the development and function of brain systems. Research has consistently shown bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain through neuronal, endocrine, and immunological, and chemical pathways. Recent neuroscience studies have linked changes in the microbiome and microbial metabolites to various neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and neurocognitive disorders.

Choroidal vessel changes in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy assessed by en-face Layer-by-Layer comparison and correlation.

Purpose To analyze vascular morphologies of layers of the choroid and compare between acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods A total of 161 (79 acute and 82 chronic) CSC eyes followed up for 6 months were enrolled. Baseline optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) data were collected, and choriocapillaris (CC), Sattler's layer, and Haller's layer en-face slabs were obtained from OCT and OCTA.

The vision of big data recirculation for smart livestock farming in South Korea.

A smart livestock farm is a livestock farm where information and communication technology systems are used. Based on the measured data, these systems can make decisions regarding all processes, including stocking, breeding, shipping, and evaluation. The data generated from smart livestock farms have increased the complexity and diversity of phenotypes.

Relationship between Density Changes and Electrical Properties of Chemically Self-Assembled Monolayer Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks by Controlling Anchoring Density.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are valued for their high carrier mobility, tunable band gaps, and strong mechanical properties, making them promising for electronic applications. However, the presence of metallic SWNTs in mixtures impairs device performance, requiring the isolation of semiconducting SWNTs (sc-SWNTs). Conjugated polymer wrapping is a leading technique for this selective separation owing to its simplicity and high selectivity; however, challenges persist in achieving optimal SWNT density, uniformity, and reproducibility.

Difference in Postoperative Outcomes and Satisfaction Between Men and Women After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: This study was conducted to determine the difference in clinical outcomes and satisfaction between men and women after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and whether the relationship between postoperative outcomes and satisfaction differs between the 2 groups after TKA.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 324 patients who underwent TKA. The participants were divided by sex as follows: male (n=130) and female (n=194).

Prediction of short-term anatomic prognosis for central serous chorioretinopathy using a generative adversarial network.

Purpose: To train generative adversarial network (GAN) models to generate predictive optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) at 3 months after observation using multi-modal OCT images.

Methods: Four hundred forty CSC eyes of 440 patients who underwent Cirrus OCT imaging were included. Baseline OCT B-scan images through the foveal center, en face choroid, and en face ellipsoid zone were collected from each patient.

Secondary prevention with antiplatelet medications in patients with antiphospholipid antibody-related stroke.

Clinical guidelines recommend warfarin for patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and ischemic stroke; however, robust evidence is lacking. We investigated the clinical benefits of different categories of antithrombotic medications in ischemic stroke patients positive for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) in real-world practice. We reviewed data from patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who tested positive for aPLs.

Targeting osteoclast-derived DPP4 alleviates inflammation-mediated ectopic bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis.

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by ectopic bone formation. The anti-inflammatory function of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor has been reported in bone metabolism, but its utility in AS has not previously been investigated.

Methods: We assessed DPP4 level in serum, synovial fluid, and facet joint tissue of AS patients.

Pathophysiological link between carotid atherosclerosis and cerebral white matter lesions.

Carotid atherosclerosis is associated with white matter hyperintensity (WMH), potentially resulting in cognitive and gait problems. We assessed the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis patterns and regional WMH, offering insights into possible mechanisms. We reviewed 1,058 consecutive healthy individuals in a health check-up program, who chose both optional carotid doppler ultrasonography and brain magnetic resonance imaging.

The Risk of Dementia after Anesthesia Differs according to the Mode of Anesthesia and Individual Anesthetic Agent.

Objective: : Multiple cohort studies have investigated the potential link between anesthesia and dementia. However, mixed findings necessitate closer examination. This study aimed to investigate the association between anesthesia exposure and the incidence of dementia, considering different anesthesia types and anesthetic agents.

Low Psychological Resilience Predict the Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder in General Population: National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021.

Objective: Prior research has emphasized psychological resilience as a potential protective factor against alcohol use disorder in diverse populations, with limited exploration of its relationship in the general population. This study investigated the association between the lifetime and one-year prevalence of alcohol use disorder and resilience.

Methods: Data obtained from the National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021 (5,511 participants; 40.

Matrix metalloproteinase-12 by M2 macrophages induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Th2 inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that MMP-12, produced by M2 macrophages, induces EMT in nasal epithelial cells, thereby contributing to airway inflammation and remodeling in CRSwNP. The expression levels of MMP-12 were measured by RT-PCR in CRS nasal mucosa and THP-1 cells.

Wnt5a exacerbates pathological bone features and trabecular bone loss in curdlan-injected SKG mice via osteoclast activation.

Many studies on osteoblasts have suggested that Wnt5a plays a crucial role in excessive osteoblast activity, which is responsible for ectopic new bone formation, but research on osteoclasts in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains relatively limited. This study aimed to explore whether Wnt5a influences osteoclastmediated bone resorption in curdlan-injected SKG mice, a model that mimics AS. Compared to the Vehicle group, the Wnt5a treatment group exhibited statistically higher clinical arthritis scores and increased hindpaw thickness values.

Prognostic Factors Related to Sleep Quality in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea After Positive Airway Pressure Therapy.

Background And Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the factors that influence deep sleep restoration in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) following positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy.

Methods: In total, 363 patients diagnosed with OSA who received PAP therapy over at least 3 months were enrolled in the study. Polysomnographic parameters, anatomical characteristics, and subjective sleep-related parameters were evaluated according to the presence of daytime sleepiness and morning headache before and after 3 months of PAP treatment.