Multimodal AI for risk stratification in autism spectrum disorder: integrating voice and screening tools.

Early Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) identification is crucial but resource-intensive. This study evaluated a novel two-stage multimodal AI framework for scalable ASD screening using data from 1242 children (18-48 months). A mobile application collected parent-child interaction audio and screening tool data (MCHAT, SCQ-L, SRS).

Subjective distress mediates the association between olfactory dysfunction duration and depression in post COVID 19 patients.

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been reported in individuals who recovered from COVID-19. Those with OD after COVID-19 (COVID-19 group) exhibited more severe psychiatric symptoms than those with OD from other etiologies (non-COVID-19 group). This study investigates differences in psychological symptoms and related clinical factors between these groups.

The moderating role of hippocampal volume in the association between emotional abuse and peer victimization in adolescents with major depressive disorder.

Given its vicious cycle of victimization, early life adversity (ELA) in childhood may be associated with peer victimization during adolescence. Both ELA and peer victimization have been suggested to be major risk factors for depression. Volumetric alterations in the hippocampus implicated in stress sensitivity have been reported in individuals with ELA and peer victimization.

Effectiveness of a mobile application game (NDTx-01) in enhancing social communication skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder or social communication disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial.

Aim: Adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or social communication disorder (SCD) experience social communication difficulties. Social skills training (SST) for this population has proven effective, although its use remains restricted due to limited accessibility. This multicenter, parallel, open-label, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled pilot trial evaluated the efficacy of NDTx-01, a mobile application game integrating SST, in patients aged 10 to 18 years diagnosed with ASD or SCD.

Neurobiologically interpretable causal connectome for predicting young adult depression: A graph neural network study.

Background: There is a surprising lack of neuroimaging studies of depression that not only identify the whole brain causal connectivity features but also explore whether these features have neurobiological correlates.

Methods: Three graph neural networks (GNN) models were applied to three types of causal connectomes (CCs): granger causality, regression DCM (rDCM), and TwoStep, obtained from a total of 1296 young adult participants in three large-scale datasets.

Results: GNN models showed better performance for predicting depression when using causal connectomes such as TwoStep (average precision score, 0.

A Review of Current Digital Mental Health Care Applications for Anxiety Symptoms and Future Prospects.

Objective: Since the impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, the need for efficiency in medical services has become more urgent than ever. The digital treatment market is rapidly growing worldwide and digital therapeutics (DTx), a major part of the digital medical services, is also emerging as a new paradigm for treatment, with its industry growing rapidly as well. Increasing research is done on the effectiveness of mobile DTx in improving mental health conditions such as insomnia, panic, and depression.

Photobiocidal Activity of TiO/UHMWPE Composite Activated by Reduced Graphene Oxide under White Light.

Herein, we introduce a photobiocidal surface activated by white light. The photobiocidal surface was produced through thermocompressing a mixture of titanium dioxide (TiO), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) powders. A photobiocidal activity was not observed on UHMWPE-TiO.

Measures of Connectivity and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Volumes and Depressive Symptoms Following Treatment With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Adolescents.

Importance: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered a first-line pharmacological treatment for adolescent depression with moderate or higher levels of symptom severity. Thus, it is important to understand neurobiological changes related to SSRIs during the course of treatment for adolescents with depression.

Objective: To examine neurobiological changes associated with SSRI treatment in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) by measuring longitudinal changes in volume and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a core region of cognitive control.

Outcomes After Endovascular Treatment of Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistulas: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Direct carotid cavernous fistulas (dCCF) involve pathologic shunting from the internal carotid artery into the cavernous sinus. We systematically reviewed the methods and outcomes of endovascular therapy for dCCF.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were used to identify studies that reported outcomes for patients undergoing embolization of dCCF.

Alteration of cortical functional networks in mood disorders with resting-state electroencephalography.

Studies comparing bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are scarce, and the neuropathology of these disorders is poorly understood. This study investigated source-level cortical functional networks using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in patients with BD and MDD. EEG was recorded in 35 patients with BD, 39 patients with MDD, and 42 healthy controls (HCs).

Reduced Volume of a Brainstem Substructure in Adolescents with Problematic Smartphone Use.

Objectives: Despite the growing concern regarding the adverse effects related to problematic smartphone use (PSU), little is known about underlying morphologic changes in the brain. The brainstem is a deep brain structure that consists of several important nuclei associated with emotions, sensations, and motor functions. In this study, we sought to examine the difference in the volume of brainstem substructures among adolescents with and without PSU.

Machine-learning-based diagnosis of drug-naive adult patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder using mismatch negativity.

Relatively little is investigated regarding the neurophysiology of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential component representing pre-attentive auditory processing, which is closely associated with cognitive status. We investigated MMN features as biomarkers to classify drug-naive adult patients with ADHD and healthy controls (HCs).

Caudate nucleus volume mediates the link between glutamatergic neurotransmission and problematic smartphone use in youth.

Background And Aims: Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is growing rapidly among teens. It has similar presentations as other behavioral addictions in terms of excessive use, impulse control problems, and negative consequences. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain undiscovered.

Altered cortical functional network in drug-naive adult male patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A resting-state electroencephalographic study.

Relatively little is known about the neurophysiology of adult Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Brain network analysis can yield important insights into the neuropathology in adult ADHD. The objective of this study was to investigate source-level cortical functional network using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in drug-naive adult patients with ADHD.

The indirect effect of peer problems on adolescent depression through nucleus accumbens volume alteration.

Literature suggests that neurobiological factors such as brain structure play an important role in linking social stress with depression in adolescence. We aimed to examine the role of subcortical volumetric alteration in the association between peer problems as one type of social stress and adolescent depression. We hypothesized that there would be indirect effects of peer problems on adolescent depression through subcortical volumetric alteration.

Mismatch negativity indices and functional outcomes in unipolar and bipolar depression.

The aim of the study was to explore the association between functional outcomes and mismatch negativity (MMN) activity in participants with mood disorders. The study participants were 27 subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), 29 subjects with bipolar disorder (BD), and 33 healthy controls who performed a passive auditory oddball paradigm while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Peak amplitudes and source activity of the MMN were compared across groups.

Corrigendum: Anatomical and Neurochemical Correlates of Parental Verbal Abuse: A Combined MRS-Diffusion MRI Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.