Actigraphy-based step analysis for the detection of depressed mood: An explainable machine learning approach.

Introduction: Our study aims to develop an interpretable artificial intelligence (AI) model for detecting depressive symptoms using actigraphy, integrating statistically significant features into machine learning models to enhance accuracy and explainability.

Methods: We analyzed actigraphy data from 3304 participants over a one-week period, classifying them into a depressive symptom group and a non-depressive symptom group. Six machine learning models, including CatBoost (CB) and XGBoost (XGB), were trained using absolute activity indicators based on three-hour intervals, relative activity indicators (nonparametric, Cosine analysis), and daytime light intensity exposure duration.

CuS-MIL-53(Fe) Framework as a Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst for the Removal of Organic Contaminants.

Developing a suitable Fenton catalyst capable of efficient redox cycling between Fe and Fe for dye degradation is a promising approach for enhancing catalytic activity. In this work, we synthesized a rod-like CuS-MIL-53(Fe) framework via a solvothermal process. The incorporation of CuS into pristine MIL-53(Fe) induced a significant structural transformation from an octahedral to a rod-like morphology, resulting in an enhanced surface area from 130.

Predicting population dynamics of antimicrobial resistance using mechanistic modeling and machine learning.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) infections have become a global public health burden. The pipeline for new antibiotic discovery is draining due to the rapid emergence of resistance to new antibiotics, the limited economic return, and regulatory hurdles. Current strategies to combat the AMR crisis include improving clinical practices under antibiotic stewardship and repurposing FDA-approved drugs.

Cervical deformity correction: comparison of neurological, radiographic, and patient-reported outcome measures by three-column osteotomy level.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether level selection for a three-column osteotomy (3CO) impacts cervical deformity correction outcomes, including neurological, radiographic, and patient-reported outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent a cervical or upper thoracic 3CO for cervical deformity correction by the senior author from 2008 to 2024. Collected outcome measures included neurological outcomes, mechanical complication rates, spinopelvic alignment, and patient-reported outcomes.

Classification and influencing factors of depression and anxiety progression during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to classify latent profiles based on the temporal progression of depression and anxiety during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and explored factors influencing these trajectories. An online survey was conducted with 497 South Korean individuals aged 19 to 69 years in three rounds: the first half of 2020 (Round 1), the second half of 2020 (Round 2), and the first half of 2023 (Round 3). A growth mixture model categorized latent profiles based on the progression of depression and anxiety and examined influencing factors.

Optimizing Rod Configuration Across Lumbar Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy Site: Evolution of a High-Volume Deformity Practice.

Background And Objectives: Three-column osteotomy (3CO) is a powerful corrective technique in adult spinal deformity. Unfortunately, they carry high complication rates including mechanical complications (MC) of rod fracture and pseudoarthrosis. Owing to the rapidly aging population, this intervention will only increase in use.

Comprehensive methylomes and transcriptomes of tissue-specific and body-size associated genes in miniature pigs.

The rising demand for organ transplantation far exceeds the supply, with only a small proportion of patients receiving transplants. As a promising solution, minipigs have emerged as valuable models in xenotransplantation due to their physiological similarities to humans, yet the understanding of DNA elements with regulatory functions remains limited. This study provides the first comprehensive transcriptomic and epigenomic map of minipigs, analyzing five tissues (back fat, heart, kidney, liver, and loin) from groups at the ends of a continuum in body size variation.

Sarcopenia prevalence and relationship to frailty by measurement method in patients with adult spinal deformity.

Objective: There is no consensus on how to diagnose sarcopenia in patients with spine disorders, limiting one's understanding of the relationship among sarcopenia, frailty, and surgical outcomes. The authors characterized the baseline prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) according to previously established methods. They then examined the intersection between sarcopenia and frailty.

Differentiating Subtypes of Major Depressive Disorder Using Serum Biomarkers.

This study aimed to differentiate subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD) using 14 serum biomarkers across 6 functional systems. We analyzed serum biomarkers in 993 MDD patients, categorized into melancholic (N = 157; 16.8%), atypical (N = 56; 6.

Immunomodulatory, anti-synoviocyte, and anti-osteoclastic abilities of embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, fibroblast-like synoviocyte hyperactivation, and osteoclast-mediated bone destruction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adult tissues exhibit therapeutic potential owing to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties; However, commercialization remains challenging due to limitations in large-scale production with consistent quality. Contrastingly, MSCs derived from embryonic stem cells can be continuously produced and exhibit minimal variation, with high biological and genetic uniformity.

Comparative Analysis of Violent Crime Statistics in Korea by Mental Illness Status (2012-2022): Implications of Deinstitutionalization.

Objective: This study examines violent crime trends in South Korea from 2012 to 2022, comparing offenders with and without mental illness. It evaluates the impact of the 2017 amendments to the Mental Health and Welfare Act, which made involuntary psychiatric hospitalization more difficult, on violent crime rates among individuals with mental illness.

Methods: We analyzed the annual number of violent crime offenders without and with mental illness (psychosis, mental retardation, or other mental disorders) between 2012 and 2022, as provided by the National Police Agency statistics.

YAP as a therapeutic target to reverse trastuzumab resistance.

Background: Trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive cancers remains a significant clinical challenge with limited therapeutic options. Although the tumor-promoting role of the Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway is well established, its role in trastuzumab resistance remains unclear.

Methods: We established four trastuzumab-resistant (HR) cell lines (NCI-N87HR, SNU216HR, SNU2670HR, and SNU2773HR) from HER2-positive gastric cancer and biliary tract cancer cell lines.

Variations in skin biophysical parameters with age, sex and breed in dogs.

Background: Understanding the physiological and biophysical characteristics of skin provides information for developing appropriate management strategies for skin diseases. However, in dogs, variations in skin biophysical parameters, such as age, sex and breed, remain poorly understood.

Hypothesis/objectives: This study analysed three biophysical characteristics of healthy dog skin (hydration, pH and sebum content) and investigated the effects of sex, age and breed.

Exploring the association between lower serum BDNF levels and delayed-onset PTSD in physically injured patients with vulnerable personality traits: A two-year prospective study.

This longitudinal study investigated the relationships among serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (sBDNF) levels, personality types, and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), distinguishing between earlier- and delayed-onset PTSD over two years in individuals with physical injuries. A total of 895 adults with moderate to severe injuries were recruited from a trauma center and assessed within one month post-injury. Baseline evaluations included sBDNF measurements and personality assessments using the Big Five Inventory-10, which classified participants as having either resilient or vulnerable personality types.

Therapeutic potential of BOLD-100, a GRP78 inhibitor, enhanced by ATR inhibition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies, necessitating novel treatments. The high proliferative rate and protein synthesis in PDAC induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, with Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78), a key regulator of ER stress and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), playing a pivotal role in PDAC progression. Despite its relevance, GRP78-targeted therapies remain unexplored in PDAC.

Overcoming MET-targeted drug resistance in MET-amplified lung cancer by aurora kinase B inhibition.

MET-targeted therapies are the most effective treatment for patients with MET-amplified lung cancer. However, acquired drug resistance is a significant challenge in MET-amplified lung cancer treatment. This study aimed to discover an effective treatment strategy for overcoming MET-targeted drug resistance.

Monofluorinated Cyclic Ethers Enable Fast Ion Transport in Low-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries.

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising next-generation batteries because of their high energy density. To enable high lithium plating-stripping reversibility, electrolyte design is critical. State-of-the-art solvents are fluorinated linear ethers, which demonstrate good lithium metal compatibility due to the ether component and improved cathode compatibility due to fluorination.

Associations of heart rate variability at early post-injury with later post-traumatic stress disorder over two years.

Background: This study examines the prospective associations between early post-injury heart rate variability (HRV) measures and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development over a two-year follow-up period.

Methods: Baseline HRV parameters were measured including the Standard Deviation of NN Intervals (SDNN), Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), Low Frequency (LF) and High Frequency (HF) bands, and LF/HF ratio. Socio-demographic and clinical covariates were also collected.

Identifying functional roles and pathways of shared mutations in canine solid tumors by whole-genome sequencing.

Identifying genetic mutations contributing to solid tumors by altering the biological pathways related to tumor formation and development is essential for the development of targeted therapies. This study aimed to identify commonly mutated genes and altered pathways in canine solid tumors. Four dogs with different types of naturally occurring neoplasias (urothelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma) were randomly selected and classified into carcinoma and sarcoma groups based on histopathological findings.

Water Clustering Modulates Activity and Enables Hydrogenated Product Formation during Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction in Aprotic Media.

Water solvation plays a critical role in a wide range of electrochemical transformations, but its role is often convoluted since water is typically used as both a solvent and a proton source. Here, we experimentally control water speciation and activity using aprotic solvent media during the carbon monoxide reduction reaction (CORR). Remarkably, we show that aprotic solvents that support microheterogeneous water-water clusters lead to significant amounts of CORR products (methane and ethylene) with a maximum ethylene Faradaic efficiency of 22% in acetonitrile (χ = 0.

Genomic evidence for behavioral adaptation of herding dogs.

Herding dogs exhibit a distinct constellation of behaviors marked by inherent instinct and motor skills that manipulate and guide livestock in response to instructive commands and cues. Comparison of the whole-genome sequences of herding and nonherding breeds reveals signatures of positive selection associated with pathways underlying social interaction and cognitive functions. Of the strong selective sweep signals, haplotypes within ephrin type-B receptor 1 (), which is linked to locomotor hyperactivity and spatial memory, show evidence of segregation within breed lineages for the conformation versus working lines of border collies and introgression with a genetically and geographically distant herding breed of Entlebucher mountain dogs.