In situ decoration of Pd NPs over methotrexate encapsulated CoFeO as a recyclable catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes and synthesis of diaryl sulfide derivatives.

This study presents the successful immobilization of a methotrexate-palladium complex onto the surface of magnetic CoFeO nanoparticles through a simple and cost-efficient process. The environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst was comprehensively characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic absorption spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The catalyst demonstrated outstanding catalytic efficiency, achieving a 98% yield in the reduction of nitroarenes and facilitating the synthesis of diaryl sulfide derivatives under green conditions.

Synthesis of an efficient MOF heterogeneous catalyst (UiO-66-NH-Pd) for C-O cross-coupling reactions.

This study successfully encapsulated palladium nanoparticles within the metal-organic framework material UiO-66 using a straightforward method. Utilizing a microwave-assisted process, the pores of UiO-66 were activated, and the metal precursors were simultaneously reduced in the presence of a reducing agent. The morphological and physicochemical properties of the resulting material were thoroughly analyzed using various techniques, including EDX, SEM, XRD, TGA, BET, and ICP-OES.

Magnetic agar-cellulose hydrogel/g-C₃N₄/ZnAl LDH@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite for efficient pirimicarb removal and antibacterial water purification.

This study focused on the development and application of a highly effective magnetic porous nanocomposite for the adsorption of pirimicarb, a carbamate pesticide commonly used for aphid control. This nanocomposite was prepared using agar, cellulose, graphitic carbon nitride, and ZnAl layered double hydroxide (Agar-Cellulose hydrogel/g-CN/Zn-Al LDH@FeO), and was characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, SEM, VSM, and TGA. Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) identified the best conditions as pH 7.

Accurate modeling and simulation of the effect of bacterial growth on the pH of culture media using artificial intelligence approaches.

This research investigates the impact of bacterial growth on the pH of culture media, emphasizing its significance in microbiological and biotechnological applications. A range of sophisticated artificial intelligence methods, including One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Decision Tree (DT), Ensemble Learning (EL), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Random Forest (RF), and Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM), were utilized to model and predict pH variations with high accuracy. The Coupled Simulated Annealing (CSA) algorithm was employed to optimize the hyperparameters of these models, enhancing their predictive performance.

The multifaceted role of KIF15 in cancer progression and therapy.

Kinesin family member 15 (KIF15), a kinesin superfamily motor protein, is known to be involved in mitotic spindle formation and chromosome movement during cell division. Recent research has determined KIF15 to be a crucial regulator in several oncogenic pathways and proposed that its role may extend beyond mere cell mechanics. Aberrant KIF15 expression has also been found to be involved in the onset of numerous cancers by promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasive abilities of cancer cells, thereby leading to increased metastatic capability.

Enhancing methyldopa solubility via green supercritical fluid techniques using ethanol co-solvent.

The aim of this study is to investigate the solubility of methyldopa in supercritical carbon dioxide. Solubility was examined at temperatures of 338, 328, 318, and 308 K, in both the presence and absence of a co-solvent. Specifically, ethanol was evaluated as a co-solvent.

Computational machine learning estimation of digitoxin solubility in supercritical solvent at different temperatures utilizing ensemble methods.

The solubility of medications in supercritical solvent is the most important factor that can be determined via appropriate computational tools. This work explores the modeling of digitoxin solubility as the case study in supercritical CO and solvent density utilizing ensemble methods. Temperature and pressure are the input parameters, while solvent density and digitoxin solubility are the output parameters.

Serum tyrosine associates with increased CSF Aβ42, reduced Aβ deposition, and cognitive improvement in MCI: modulation by confounding factors.

Tyrosine, a precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, has shown mixed results in cognitive impairment studies, suggesting a complex role in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study is the first to explore its relationship with CSF amyloid-beta (Aβ) 42, Aβ accumulation, and cognitive function in MCI ( = 251). Cognitive function was assessed using ADAS-Cog, serum tyrosine by UPLC-MS/MS, Aβ42 by ELISA, and Aβ accumulation florbetapir PET with SUVr, all validated with quality control.

Exploring the Endoplasmic Reticulum's Role in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by cognitive decline, particularly in memory and reasoning, which often culminates in severe dementia. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying AD remain elusive. One of the key contributors to AD pathogenesis is the dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an organelle involved in protein folding, calcium regulation, and lipid metabolism.

Molecular regulation by ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) in HCC: cell cycle, oncogenic signaling, and beyond.

Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are a large family of deubiquitinating enzymes that all serve the important function of removing ubiquitin moieties from target proteins, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Post-translational modifications, including ubiquitin modifications, play a crucial role in regulating protein stability, localization, and function, thereby profoundly influencing cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and the response to DNA damage. Increasingly extensive evidence indicates that altered USP activity creates dysfunction of these fundamental cellular pathways and initiates and promotes multiple cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Recent advances in nanozymes based on mesoporous materials for enhancing the performance of colorimetric biosensors: Applications and challenges.

Despite significant advancements in colorimetric assays, challenges in their sensitivity and selectivity remain, hindering their widespread applications. The nanotechnology revolution has played a pivotal role in developing sensitive and selective colorimetric biosensing assays, especially through the use of mesoporous materials to improve the performance of nanozymes and mesoporous nanozymes in colorimetric sensing. The role of mesoporous materials in these systems can be classified into three main types: supporting matrix, coating agent, and nanozymes themselves.

Quercetin as a multi-targeted therapeutic agent in breast cancer: molecular targets and therapeutic potential.

Breast cancer is a worldwide serious health issue with constantly recurring issues of drug resistance, toxicity, and recurrence. These limitations have prompted research on various drug compounds, particularly those derived from plants. Quercetin is one such compound, a flavonol dietary component.

A novel Pd complex coated on TiFeO magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and recoverable catalyst for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles.

This study presents the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles using commercially available precursors, including FeCl·4HO and CHOTi. The nanoparticles were coated with a silica layer and subsequently functionalized with 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES). To further enhance their properties, quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (QDA) was attached to the nanoparticles' surface.

Theoretical investigation of penicillamine adsorption on mgo fullerene-like cages considering solvent effects, electronic properties, and potential biomedical applications.

This study explores the enhancement of adsorption properties of penicillamine (PCA) in both neutral and zwitterionic forms through the use of magnesium oxide (MgO) fullerene-like cages, supported by density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results indicate that PCA adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic, with the cage preferentially abstracting a hydrogen atom from surface hydroxyl groups, leading to strong interactions evidenced by adsorption energies of -2.250 eV in water and - 2.

Exosomal delivery of non-coding RNAs: a pathway to apoptosis regulation in lung cancer.

Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a key role in regulating apoptosis in lung cancer, influencing tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. This review examines how exosomal ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, modulate apoptotic pathways in the tumor microenvironment. This review examines how exosomal ncRNAs, composed of three types, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, control apoptotic pathways in the tumor microenvironment.

The biomedical frontier of fucoidan and laminarin: emerging insights.

Laminarin and fucoidan, two marine-derived polysaccharides, have garnered attention in biomedical research due to their unique bioactive properties. Laminarin, a β-glucan composed of glucose linked by β-1,3 and β-1,6 glycosidic bonds, and fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide, both demonstrate strong biocompatibility, low toxicity, and the ability to modulate cellular behaviors, making them promising candidates for various therapeutic applications. Recent research highlights their roles in tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, and oncology.

Enhancing sulfasalazine solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide with ethanol cosolvent: a comprehensive study.

In this study, the solubility of sulfasalazine in supercritical carbon dioxide, using ethanol as a cosolvent, was evaluated at temperatures of 308, 318, 328, and 338 K, and at pressures reaching up to 30 MPa. A comprehensive examination was conducted to ascertain the impact of temperature, pressure, and cosolvent concentration on solubility and density. To this end, SRK as an equation of state and a range of semi-empirical correlations were employed to correlate the solubility.

From EGFR mutations to STAT30-driven resistance in NSCLC: Biomarkers and multi-modal treatment approach.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85 % of lung cancer cases and remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. However, the emergence of drug resistance and tumor immune evasion limits long-term treatment efficacy and reduces overall patient survival. We examine how activating EGFR mutations or overexpression induce STAT3 phosphorylation and regulate transcription factors such as Snail, Twist, and ZEB1.

Advances in cancer immunotherapy: The role of super NK and super CAR-T cells.

Immunotherapy has over the recent past established itself as one of the more promising strategies in the treatment of several cancers. Among the described ones, the most efficient are natural killer (NK) cells and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells and both of them are known to be rather effective in killing the cancer cells. Such interventions recently attempted to develop these immune cells have enhanced its beneficence and includes super NK and super CAR-T cells.

CTLA-4 blockade in ovarian cancer immunotherapy: Mechanisms and clinical strategies.

Although studies have demonstrated that ovarian cancer cells can express immune checkpoint proteins like CTLA-4 and that higher levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are linked to better patient survival, clinical trials utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors in ovarian cancer have not yielded encouraging results. Tumor heterogeneity and innate or acquired resistance associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME) may account for the inadequate response to ICIs. Understanding tumor immunobiology, identifying biomarkers for patient selection, and formulating suitable treatment regimens remain challenging, yet these are the aspirations for the future use of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.

Therapeutic potential of repaglinide-embedded chitosan hydrogel in promoting wound healing.

Introduction: This study explores the potential of repaglinide-loaded chitosan-based hydrogels (Hy-R1% and Hy-R3%) as multifunctional scaffolds for wound healing applications. It aims to evaluate their physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and in vivo healing potential.

Methods: The hydrogels were prepared by dissolving chitosan in acetic acid, followed by the incorporation of repaglinide.

A computational investigation of monolayer HB: Effective NH gas sensor with highly ‎sensor response.

One of the innovative nanomaterials with significant potential for detecting hazardous gasses in indoor environments is the hydrogen boride nanosheet (HBNS). The adhesion characteristics of ammonia (NH) on HBNS were examined utilizing DFT simulations. The current study delved into the molecular-level origins of experimental findings, focusing on aspects such as charge transport mechanisms, energy dynamics, electronic properties and orbital interactions.

Mechanistic role of FTO in cancer pathogenesis, immune evasion, chemotherapy resistance, and immunotherapy response.

Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA demethylase, plays a key role in cancer biology by regulating mRNA modifications. Its deregulation affects tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. By removing m6A methylation marks, FTO can alter the stability and translation of key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

Magnetic carbon nanotube-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 5-substituted-1-tetrazoles.

This study presents a pioneering approach with the introduction of a novel magnetic carbon nanotube composite, AlFeO-MWCNT-TEA-Ni(ii), designed as an efficient catalyst for the multicomponent synthesis of 5-substituted-1-tetrazoles (18 examples, yields 89-98%). The primary objectives were to develop and evaluate this catalyst's ability to promote the formation of tetrazoles under eco-friendly conditions. The methods involved synthesizing the catalyst by combining AlFeO, MWCNTs, TEA, and Ni(ii), then testing its catalytic activity using various aromatic aldehydes, hydroxylamine, and sodium azide in DMF at 50 °C.

Recent trends and advances in single-atom nanozymes for the electrochemical and optical sensing of pesticide residues in food and water.

Nowadays, single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) and single-atom catalysts (SACs) have flourished in the field of catalysis owing to their high catalytic performance and exceptional atom utilization efficiency, thereby enhancing biosensing capabilities. In comparison to natural enzymes, SAzymes offer several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, ease of production, and robust catalytic activity, making them highly promising for biosensing applications. Notably, SAzymes demonstrate superior catalytic efficiency and selectivity compared with traditional nanozymes.