Radiomics and machine learning analysis of liver magnetic resonance imaging for prediction and early detection of tumor response in colorectal liver metastases.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of a machine learning-based radiomics model for distinguishing tumor response and overall survival in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) treated with targeted biological therapy.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 17 patients with unresectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer, who had been given targeted biological therapy as the first line of treatment. All patients underwent liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) three times up until 8 weeks after chemotherapy.

Breast Pseudoaneurysm in a Woman after Core Biopsy: Intravascular Glue Embolization.

Core needle biopsy of breast masses is a common procedure for tissue diagnosis of breast lesions. The incidence of complications is low, with pseudoaneurysm (PA) after core biopsy has been described in the literature, and the subsequent need for surgical management. Ultrasonography is the most common modality used for not only diagnosis but also treatment of a PA.

Atypical Manifestation of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatic Malignancy Mimicking Lesions.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be diagnosed noninvasively on multiphasic CT and MRI based on its distinctive imaging findings. These features include arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on portal or delayed phase images. However, radiologists face significant diagnostic challenges because some HCCs exhibit atypical imaging characteristics.

Clinical Course of Small Subepithelial Tumors of the Small Bowel Detected on CT.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the natural growth of subepithelial tumors of the small bowel detected on CT.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients who were suspected of having subepithelial tumors of the small bowel between January 2005 and December 2020 were reviewed. Eligible patients with suspected small (< 30 mm) subepithelial tumors on at least two CT evaluations were included in the analysis.

Comparison of antimicrobial resistance in patients with obstructive pyelonephritis associated with ureteral stones and uncomplicated pyelonephritis.

This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of causative microorganisms in obstructive pyelonephritis associated with ureteral stones (OPU) and their antibiotic susceptibilities. This retrospective cohort study included female patients diagnosed with community-acquired acute pyelonephritis (APN) at a tertiary-care hospital between 2008 and 2017. A comparison of APN cases associated with the obstruction of the upper urinary tract by ureteral stones and APN cases without complications was performed.

Comparison of Diagnostic Performance and Confidence between Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Scan and Non-Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Plus Abdomen Ultrasound for Hepatic Metastasis in Patients with Breast Cancer.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the performance between noncontrast-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) plus abdominal ultrasound (US) (NECT + US) with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for the detection of hepatic metastasis in breast cancer patient with postsurgical follow-up.

Methods: A total of 1470 patients without already diagnosed hepatic metastasis were included. All patients underwent US and multiphase CECT including the NECT.

Diagnostic Performance of 2018 KLCA-NCC Practice Guideline for Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B or Cirrhosis: Comparison with LI-RADS Version 2018.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the 2018 Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center (KLCA-NCC) Practice Guidelines (hereafter, PG) for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, compared to the Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) version 2018 (hereafter, v2018).

Materials And Methods: From January 2013 to October 2015, treatment-naïve hepatic lesions (≥ 1 cm) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis B or cirrhosis were retrospectively evaluated. For each lesion, three radiologists independently analyzed the imaging features and classified the lesions into categories according to the 2018 KLCA-NCC PG and LI-RADS v2018.

Diagnostic accuracy of non-contrast abdominopelvic computed tomography scans in follow-up of breast cancer patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of follow-up with non-enhanced CT (NECT) in patients with breast cancer.

Methods: The present retrospective study included 1396 patients with breast cancer. Group A included patients with no metastasis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of NECT in detecting newly developed metastasis.

A Comparison of Biannual Two-Phase Low-Dose Liver CT and US for HCC Surveillance in a Group at High Risk of HCC Development.

Background And Aims: Biannual ultrasonography (US) is a current recommendation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance in a high-risk group. The sensitivity of US, however, has been low in patients with a high risk of developing HCC. We aimed to compare sensitivity for HCC of biannual US and two-phase low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in patients with a high risk of HCC.

Prediction of tumor recurrence and poor survival of ampullary adenocarcinoma using preoperative clinical and CT findings.

Objectives: To predict poor survival and tumor recurrence in patients with ampullary adenocarcinoma using preoperative clinical and CT findings.

Materials And Methods: A total of 216 patients with ampullary adenocarcinoma who underwent preoperative CT and surgery were retrospectively included. CT was assessed by two radiologists.

Dual-source abdominopelvic computed tomography: Comparison of image quality and radiation dose of 80 kVp and 80/150 kVp with tin filter.

Objective: To compare the radiation dose and the objective and subjective image quality of 80 kVp and 80/150 kVp with tin filter (80/Sn150 kVp) computed tomography (CT) in oncology patients.

Methods: One-hundred-and-forty-five consecutive oncology patients who underwent third-generation dual-source dual-energy CT of the abdomen for evaluation of malignant visceral, peritoneal, extraperitoneal, and bone tumor were retrospectively recruited. Two radiologists independently reviewed each observation in 80 kVp CT and 80/Sn150 kVp CT.

Clinical and computed tomography factors associated with sepsis in women with clinically uncomplicated pyelonephritis.

Objective: Sepsis is major determinants of prognosis in acute pyelonephritis (APN). This study aimed to assess factors associated with the development of sepsis among patients with clinically uncomplicated APN.

Subjects And Methods: We examined 463 patients presenting to our hospital without complications.

Acute cholecystitis: predictive clinico-radiological assessment for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background: Previous studies evaluating predictive factors for the conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy have reported conflicting conclusions.

Purpose: To create a risk assessment model to predict the conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis.

Material And Methods: A retrospective review of patients with acute calculous cholecystitis with available preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) findings who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed.

LI-RADS treatment response categorization on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: diagnostic performance compared to mRECIST and added value of ancillary features.

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to assess the performance of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) treatment response (TR) (LR-TR) categorization on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (Gd-EOB-MRI) for detecting viable tumors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with locoregional treatment (LRT) and to investigate the added value of ancillary features (AFs) to conventional enhancement-based criteria.

Methods: This retrospective study included 183 patients with Gd-EOB-MRI after LRT for HCC and appropriate reference standards for tumor viability (84 viable and 99 nonviable). Two independent radiologists assigned per-lesion mRECIST and TR categories (TR-nonviable, TR-equivocal, or TR-viable) according to the LR-TR algorithm and modified LR-TR algorithms including mLR-TR(TP) allowing transitional phase (TP) washout and mLR-TR(AF) allowing category adjustment by applying AFs.

A retrospective study of pyogenic liver abscess caused primarily by Klebsiella pneumoniae vs. non-Klebsiella pneumoniae: CT and clinical differentiation.

Purpose: The incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae pyogenic liver abscesses (KP-PLA) is increasing. However, its diagnosis and treatment are often delayed, leading to complications. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively compare computed tomographic (CT) features of KP-PLAs with those of abscesses caused by other bacterial pathogens (non-KP-PLAS) and to further identify prognostic factors for PLA.

Comparison of submillisievert CT with standard-dose CT for urolithiasis.

Background: Patients with renal stones receive multiple computed tomography (CT) examinations. We investigated whether submillisievert (sub-mSv) CT for stone detection could reduce radiation dose at exposure levels comparable to kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) radiography.

Purpose: To evaluate the radiation dose exposure, diagnostic performance, and image quality of sub-mSv non-contrast CT using advanced modelled iterative reconstruction algorithm with spectral filtration for the detection of urolithiasis.

Reproducibility of ultrasound attenuation imaging for the noninvasive evaluation of hepatic steatosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intra-observer reproducibility of ultrasound attenuation imaging (ATI) for the noninvasive assessment of hepatic steatosis in patients with suspected hepatic steatosis and the inter-observer reproducibility in asymptomatic volunteers.

Methods: This prospective study was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from all patients. In group 1, composed of patients with suspected hepatic steatosis (n=143), one abdominal radiologist performed gray-scale ultrasonography and two sessions of ATI.

Sonographic findings of mass-forming extramammary Paget's disease in the scrotum.

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy involving the scrotum and may be confused with other scrotal malignancy. We describe the sonographic findings of an extremely rare case of mass-forming EMPD of the scrotal wall. Ultrasonography, which shows mild heterogeneous hyperechoic masses with a stalk connected to the dermis, can help predict the depth of vertical invasion of the lesion.

Preoperative CT Classification of the Resectability of Pancreatic Cancer: Interobserver Agreement.

Background Accurate assessment of local resectability of pancreatic cancer at initial workup is critical to determine the most appropriate management strategy among up-front operation, neoadjuvant treatment, or palliative treatment. Purpose To investigate the interobserver agreement of the preoperative CT classification of the local resectability of pancreatic cancer and to determine if radiologist experience level impacts evaluation, and to evaluate the reader performance in assessing resectability at CT in a subset of patients with a reference standard for local resectability. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was composed of patients with pathologic-analysis-confirmed pancreatic cancers between January 2013 and December 2014 who underwent baseline multiphasic contrast agent-enhanced CT.

Inter-platform reproducibility of liver stiffness measured with two different point shear wave elastography techniques and 2-dimensional shear wave elastography using the comb-push technique.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the technical success rate and reliability of measurements made using three shear wave elastography (SWE) techniques and to assess the inter-platform reproducibility of the resultant liver stiffness measurements.

Methods: This prospective study included 54 patients with liver disease. Liver stiffness (LS) measurements were obtained using 2-point SWE techniques (Virtual Touch Quantification and S-Shearwave) and 2-dimensional (2D) SWE, with transient elastography (TE) serving as the reference standard.

Prospective Validation of Repeatability of Shear Wave Dispersion Imaging for Evaluation of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

This study was aimed at evaluating the intra-observer repeatability of shear wave dispersion imaging (SWDI) for evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and assessing inter-observer repeatability in asymptomatic volunteers, using a commercial ultrasound system. This prospective study was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from all patients. In group I composed of patients with suspected or alleged non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 71), two sessions of SWDI were performed by one radiologist for evaluation of intra-observer repeatability.

LI-RADS Version 2017 versus Version 2018: Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Gadoxetate Disodium-enhanced MRI.

Background Few studies have reported on the diagnostic performance of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) LR-5 or LR-5 V in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using MRI with gadoxetate disodium. Purpose To determine the diagnostic performance of LI-RADS version 2018 (hereafter, v2018) on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI in comparison with LI-RADS version 2017 (hereafter, v2017) for the diagnosis of HCC in patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B viral infection or at high risk for HCC. Materials and Methods This retrospective study between January 2013 and October 2015 evaluated consecutive patients at high risk for HCC who had at least one observation of 10 mm or greater on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI and no history of previous treatment for hepatic lesions.

Natural History of Gastric Cancer: Observational Study of Gastric Cancer Patients Not Treated During Follow-Up.

Background: Understanding the natural progression of untreated gastric cancer is critical for determining the disease prognosis as well as treatment options and timing. The aim of this study is to analyze the natural history of gastric cancer.

Patients And Methods: We included patients with gastric cancer who had not received any treatment and were staged using endoscopy/endoscopic ultrasonography and computed tomography on at least two follow-up visits during intervals of nontreatment.

Comparison of four different Shear Wave Elastography platforms according to abdominal wall thickness in liver fibrosis evaluation: a phantom study.

Aims: To compare the applicability, reliability and stiffness values of four different shear wave elastography (SWE) platforms and to determine the influence of abdominal wall thickness on those of four SWE platforms evaluating liver fibrosis. Material and methods: We used four different SWE platforms: transient elastography (TE), pSWE (S-shear wave), 2D SWE/ SSI (SuperSonic Imagine) and 2D SWE/GE (GE Health care). To identify the effect of abdominal wall thickness, five commercially available liver fibrosis phantoms were covered in 1.