Prognostic value of a new computed tomography severity score in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Purpose: To develop of a novel computed tomography (CT) severity score for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and evaluate its correlation with disease severity and adverse outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study included 37 patients diagnosed with HFRS from January 2012 to December 2023 who had available clinical laboratory and abdominal CT data during the acute phase. The CT severity score (range 0-5) was based on perirenal fat stranding, pararenal fascia thickening, anterior pararenal space fat stranding, ascites, and pleural effusion.

Clinical feasibility of deep learning based synthetic contrast enhanced abdominal CT in patients undergoing non enhanced CT scans.

Our objective was to develop and evaluate the clinical feasibility of deep-learning-based synthetic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DL-SynCCT) in patients designated for nonenhanced CT (NECT). We proposed a weakly supervised learning with the utilization of virtual non-contrast CT (VNC) for the development of DL-SynCCT. Training and internal validations were performed with 2202 pairs of retrospectively collected contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) images with the corresponding VNC images acquired from dual-energy CT.

Feasibility of a deep learning artificial intelligence model for the diagnosis of pediatric ileocolic intussusception with grayscale ultrasonography.

Purpose: This study explored the feasibility of utilizing a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) model to detect ileocolic intussusception on grayscale ultrasound images.

Methods: This retrospective observational study incorporated ultrasound images of children who underwent emergency ultrasonography for suspected ileocolic intussusception. After excluding video clips, Doppler images, and annotated images, 40,765 images from two tertiary hospitals were included (positive-to-negative ratio: hospital A, 2,775:35,373; hospital B, 140:2,477).

Application of a deep learning algorithm for three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in patients at a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a vendor-specific deep learning reconstruction algorithm (DLRA) in enhancing image quality and focal lesion detection using three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient-echo images in gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients at a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 83 high-risk patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI using a 3-T scanner. Triple arterial phase, high-resolution portal venous phase, and high-resolution hepatobiliary phase images were reconstructed using conventional reconstruction techniques and DLRA (AIR Recon DL; GE Healthcare) for subsequent comparison.

Perfluorobutane-Enhanced Ultrasound for Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma From Non-hepatocellular Malignancies or Benignancy: Comparison of Imaging Acquisition Methods.

Objective: The aim of the work described here was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of perfluorobutane (PFB)-enhanced ultrasound in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from non-HCC malignancies and other benign lesions using different acquisition methods.

Methods: This prospective study included 69 patients with solid liver lesions larger than 1 cm who were scheduled for biopsy or radiofrequency ablation between September 2020 and March 2021. Lesion diagnosis was designated by three blinded radiologists after reviewing three different sets of acquired images selected according to the following presumed acquisition methods: (i) method A, acquisition up to 5 min after contrast injection; (ii) method B, acquisition up to 1 min after contrast injection with additional Kupffer phase; and (iii) method C, acquisition up to 5 min after contrast injection with additional Kupffer phase.

Clinical feasibility of radiofrequency ablation using novel adjustable separable electrodes with a multipurpose needle for treating small hepatocellular carcinomas: a prospective single center study.

Background: The novel separable clustered electrode system with two adjustable active tips (ICAEs) and a fine multipurpose needle (MPN) for temperature monitoring and adjuvant agent injection was developed and validated in an animal study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical efficacy and complication of the novel electrode system for patients who have small HCC.

Methods: In his prospective, single-center clinical trial, ten participants with 14 small (≤ 2 cm, BCLC 0-A) HCCs referred for RFA were enrolled.

Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography for noninvasive imaging diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: special emphasis on the 2022 KLCA-NCC guideline.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is a noninvasive imaging modality used to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on specific imaging features, without the need for pathologic confirmation. Two types of ultrasound contrast agents are commercially available: pure intravascular agents (such as SonoVue) and Kupffer agents (such as Sonazoid). Major guidelines recognize CEUS as a reliable imaging method for HCC diagnosis, although they differ depending on the contrast agents used.

Abbreviated MRI for Secondary Surveillance of Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Presumed Curative Treatment.

Background: Little is known about the performance of abbreviated MRI (AMRI) for secondary surveillance of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative treatment.

Purpose: To evaluate the detection performance of AMRI for secondary surveillance of HCC after curative treatment.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Low-contrast-dose liver CT using low monoenergetic images with deep learning-based denoising for assessing hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial.

Objective: Low monoenergetic images obtained using noise-reduction techniques may reduce CT contrast media requirements. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of low-contrast-dose CT using dual-energy CT and deep learning-based denoising (DLD) techniques in patients at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized controlled noninferiority trial at a tertiary hospital between June 2019 and August 2020 (NCT04027556).

Added Value of the Sliding Sign on Right Down Decubitus CT for Determining Adjacent Organ Invasion in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the added value of right down decubitus (RDD) CT when determining adjacent organ invasion in cases of advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Materials And Methods: A total of 728 patients with pathologically confirmed T4a (pT4a), surgically confirmed T4b (sT4b), or pathologically confirmed T4b (pT4b) AGCs who underwent dedicated stomach-protocol CT, including imaging of the left posterior oblique (LPO) and RDD positions, were included in this study. Two radiologists scored the T stage of AGCs using a 5-point scale on LPO CT with and without RDD CT at 2-week intervals and recorded the presence of "sliding sign" in the tumors and adjacent organs and compared its incidence of appearance.

Evaluation of HASTE T2 weighted image with reduced echo time for detecting focal liver lesions in patients at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: To compare the image quality and performance of half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequences, using compressed sensing (HASTE-CS) and deep-learning based reconstruction (HASTE-DL) in detecting focal liver lesions (FLLs), to those of T2-weighted image using BLADE sequence (T2WI) in patients at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included patients at risk of developing HCC who underwent liver MRI including HASTE-DL, HASTE-CS, T2WI and DWI between January and June 2020. Three radiologists independently reviewed the image quality along with FLL detection in the three T2-based sequences and DWI.

Diagnostic Performance of Spin-Echo Echo-Planar Imaging Magnetic Resonance Elastography in 3T System for Noninvasive Assessment of Hepatic Fibrosis.

Objective: To validate the performance of 3T spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) for staging hepatic fibrosis in a large population, using surgical specimens as the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study initially included 310 adults (155 undergoing hepatic resection and 155 undergoing donor hepatectomy) with histopathologic results from surgical liver specimens. They underwent 3T SE-EPI MRE ≤ 3 months prior to surgery.

Image quality in liver CT: low-dose deep learning vs standard-dose model-based iterative reconstructions.

Objectives: To compare the overall image quality and detectability of significant (malignant and pre-malignant) liver lesions of low-dose liver CT (LDCT, 33.3% dose) using deep learning denoising (DLD) to standard-dose CT (SDCT, 100% dose) using model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR).

Methods: In this retrospective study, CT images of 80 patients with hepatic focal lesions were included.

The feasibility of deep learning-based synthetic contrast-enhanced CT from nonenhanced CT in emergency department patients with acute abdominal pain.

Our objective was to investigate the feasibility of deep learning-based synthetic contrast-enhanced CT (DL-SCE-CT) from nonenhanced CT (NECT) in patients who visited the emergency department (ED) with acute abdominal pain (AAP). We trained an algorithm generating DL-SCE-CT using NECT with paired precontrast/postcontrast images. For clinical application, 353 patients from three institutions who visited the ED with AAP were included.

Abbreviated Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Breath-Hold Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography: Assessment of Malignant Risk of Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm.

Background: For surveillance of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is preferred over computed tomography, but the long acquisition time limits its use.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic performance of abbreviated MRI with breath-hold (BH) three-dimensional MRCP (abbreviated MRI-BH) for malignant risk assessment of pancreatic IPMN.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Diagnostic Performance of a New Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm for Detecting Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip on Anteroposterior Radiographs.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a deep learning algorithm for the automated detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs.

Materials And Methods: Of 2601 hip AP radiographs, 5076 cropped unilateral hip joint images were used to construct a dataset that was further divided into training (80%), validation (10%), or test sets (10%). Three radiologists were asked to label the hip images as normal or DDH.

Diagnostic Performance of LI-RADS Treatment Response Algorithm for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Adding Ancillary Features to MRI Compared with Enhancement Patterns at CT and MRI.

Background The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Treatment Response (LR-TR) algorithm is used to assess the response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to local-regional therapy (LRT) based on enhancement patterns. The potential value of adding MRI ancillary features (AFs) needs to be investigated. Purpose To evaluate the potential application of MRI AFs in category adjustment to detect pathologic tumor viability in comparison with the LR-TR algorithm in CT and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.

LI-RADS treatment response categorization on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: diagnostic performance compared to mRECIST and added value of ancillary features.

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to assess the performance of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) treatment response (TR) (LR-TR) categorization on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (Gd-EOB-MRI) for detecting viable tumors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with locoregional treatment (LRT) and to investigate the added value of ancillary features (AFs) to conventional enhancement-based criteria.

Methods: This retrospective study included 183 patients with Gd-EOB-MRI after LRT for HCC and appropriate reference standards for tumor viability (84 viable and 99 nonviable). Two independent radiologists assigned per-lesion mRECIST and TR categories (TR-nonviable, TR-equivocal, or TR-viable) according to the LR-TR algorithm and modified LR-TR algorithms including mLR-TR(TP) allowing transitional phase (TP) washout and mLR-TR(AF) allowing category adjustment by applying AFs.

The Efficacy of Lymph Node Embolization Using N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate Compared to Ethanol Sclerotherapy in the Management of Symptomatic Lymphorrhea after Pelvic Surgery.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of lymph node (LN) embolization using N-butyl cyanoacrylate versus ethanol sclerotherapy in the management of symptomatic postoperative pelvic lymphorrhea.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three patients with 40 instances of symptomatic postoperative lymphorrhea were treated with either LN embolization or sclerotherapy at Seoul National University Hospital from January 2009 to July 2017 and were retrospectively included (LN embolization group: 24 lymphoceles of 19 patients, mean age of 59.29 years; sclerotherapy group: 16 lymphoceles of 14 patients, mean age of 60.

Isolated Main Pancreatic Duct Dilatation: CT Differentiation Between Benign and Malignant Causes.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the differential CT features of isolated benign and malignant main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilatation and to investigate whether the diagnostic performance of radiologists can be improved with knowledge of these differential CT features.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one patients who had isolated MPD dilatation without any visible mass on CT from January 2000 to October 2016 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Two radiologists reviewed CT images in consensus for the location, shape (smooth vs abrupt), length of transition, dilated pancreatic duct (PD) diameter, presence of duct penetrating sign, parenchymal atrophy, attenuation difference, associated pancreatitis, calcification, PD or common bile duct (CBD) enhancement, and perilesional cyst.