Repeat Intravitreal Bevacizumab in a Very Low Birth Weight Infant with Recurrent ROP: 3-Year Follow-Up and Literature Review.

Introduction: Low gestational birth weight is associated with increased incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In recent years, intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has become more prevalent for ROP. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness following anti-VEGF injection, recurrence of ROP has been reported.

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Telehealth Framework for Detecting Nystagmus.

Purpose: This study reports the implementation of a proof-of-concept, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven clinical decision support system for detecting nystagmus. The system collects and analyzes real-time clinical data to assist in diagnosing, demonstrating its potential for integration into telemedicine platforms. Patients may benefit from the system's convenience, reduced need for travel and associated costs, and increased flexibility and increased flexibility through both in-person and virtual applications.

Robotic bariatric surgery with BORNS Simphoni: First experience.

Introduction: To overcome the challenges in laparoscopic bariatric surgery, robotic platforms are an attractive option. One such robotic platform is the BORNS Simphoni Robotic System, which has been evaluated for clinical use in this study.

Patients And Methods: This study includes seven severely obese patients undergoing robot-assisted sleeve gastrectomy at our centre on 10 March-9 May 2023, all performed by BORNS Simphoni Robotic System.

A Real-World Experience of the Short-Term Clinical Outcomes of Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Ventral Hernia Repairs.

Background: This study aims to provide the first comparative real-world evidence of laparoscopic and robotic-assisted ventral hernia repairs performed in India, regardless of defect size or technique used.

Methods: The primary objective was to compare postoperative pain, analgesic use, and quality of life (QOL) between the two groups. Additionally, data on length of hospital stay, operating time, incidence of intra- and postoperative complications, re-admission rates, and use of tacks were collected and analyzed.

A Retrospective Study Comparing the Operative Outcomes of Extraperitoneal, Retrorectus Access Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Ventral Hernia Repairs.

Background: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the operative outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic extraperitoneal repair of abdominal wall defects via enhanced view total extraperitoneal (eTEP) retrorectus space access.

Methods: A medical chart review was performed on consecutive eTEP cases from our unit, focused on collecting perioperative outcomes.

Results: One hundred and twenty cases were collected, 73 in the robotic group and 47 in the laparoscopic group.

Macular hole repair using a refined viscoelastic assisted membrane positioning technique markedly improves surgical success rates.

Introduction: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) using dispersive viscoelastic-assisted inverted internal limiting membrane (VILM) flap technique in patients with full-thickness macular holes (MH).

Methods: We retrospectively review 247 eyes that underwent PPV with the VILM flap technique and had a minimum follow-up of six months. Following core vitrectomy, the internal limiting membrane (ILM), stained with indocyanine green, was placed on the MH.

Topical Cenegermin-Bkbj Dramatically Resolves Neurotrophic Keratitis Associated With Pars Plana Vitrectomy.

Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) may occur secondary to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). A subset of patients with very severe NK corneal defects may require therapy escalation, and Cenegermin-Bkbj, a recombinant human nerve growth factor, represents a novel treatment option. This case report presents the successful treatment of refractory NK using Cenegermin-Bkbj in a patient after undergoing multiple PPV surgeries.

Tolicizumab effectively controls giant cell arteritis and prevents recurrence of steroid-induced concomitant toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) affects various ocular structures and potentially leads to vision loss. Traditional therapy involves a tapering regimen of high-dose systemic corticosteroids which are associated with adverse effects, including the risk of opportunistic infections such as toxoplasmosis from immune suppression. Tocilizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody directed against the interleukin-6 receptor, offers an effective treatment option for GCA.

Evaluation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in Identifying Retinal Conditions Through Classification of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Images.

Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness globally, emphasizing the urgent need for efficient diagnostic tools. Machine learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has shown promise in automating the diagnosis of retinal conditions with high accuracy. This study evaluates two CNN models, VGG16 and InceptionV3, for classifying retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images into four categories: normal, choroidal neovascularization, diabetic macular edema (DME), and drusen.

Immediate Effects of Goldmann Applanation Tonometry on Central Corneal Thickness Measurements Using Contact and Non-contact Pachymetry Methods.

Purpose: The objective was to evaluate the immediate impact of Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (GAT), a gold-standard intraocular pressure measurement technique, on the reliability of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements and to compare the outcomes between contact and non-contact pachymetry methods.

Methods: Fifty-one adult participants without ocular pathology were enrolled. Serial CCT measurements were conducted using three different pachymetry modalities across three days, both at baseline and post-GAT: Day 1 with an ultrasound pachymeter (USP), Day 2 using optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR), and Day 3 via anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Enhancing Ophthalmic Care: The Transformative Potential of Digital Twins in Healthcare.

This literature review explores the emerging role of digital twin (DT) technology in ophthalmology, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize personalized medicine. DTs integrate diverse data sources, including genetic, environmental, and real-time patient data, to create dynamic, predictive models that enhance risk assessment, surgical planning, and postoperative care. The review highlights vital case studies demonstrating the application of DTs in improving the early detection and management of diseases such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.

Robot Assisted Cholecystectomy Using the BORNS Simphoni System.

Background And Objective: Robotic cholecystectomy has technical advantages of 3D visualization, enhanced instrument maneuverability, and increased precision. Less chance of conversion to open and biliary spillage. This study explores the utilization of the BORNS Simphoni Robotic System for robotic cholecystectomy.

Comparison of Gemini Advanced and ChatGPT 4.0's Performances on the Ophthalmology Resident Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) Examination Review Question Banks.

Background With advancements in natural language processing, tools such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (ChatGPT) version 4.0 and Google Bard's Gemini Advanced are being increasingly evaluated for their potential in various medical applications. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the performance of these language learning models (LLMs) on both image and non-image-based questions within the specialized field of Ophthalmology.

Dr. Scheffer C.G. Tseng: A Pioneer in Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane for Regenerative Medicine.

Dr. Scheffer Chuei-Goong Tseng is widely recognized as a pioneer in the development and application of cryopreserved amniotic membrane therapy. Dr.

Ab-Externo XEN Gel stent implantation effectively treated refractory glaucoma with prior failed shunt tube.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a gelatin stent (XEN 45 Gel Stent; Allergan) implant in advanced glaucoma eyes that have failed prior aqueous shunt implantation.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 6 patients with refractory glaucoma, defined as persistently high IOP (> 21 mmHg) despite taking at least 3 IOP-lowering medications subsequent to undergoing a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) with or without a second GDD or cilioablative procedure. Eyes with previous failed GDD underwent subconjunctival 0.

Laparoscopic intra-peritoneal onlay mesh plus versus robotic transabdominal pre-peritoneal for primary ventral hernias: Our technique and outcomes.

Introduction: Intra-peritoneal onlay mesh repair (IPOM) still remains the most common approach for laparoscopic repair of small to medium sized hernias worldwide. In this study, we compare our early outcomes of an established procedure, i.e.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in a 2-year-old child with morbid obesity: A case report with a 2-year follow-up.

Morbid obesity in infancy or early childhood is a challenging disease to manage. Here, we present the case report of the successful management of a 2-year-old girl child with morbidly obesity who was bedridden and had sleep apnoea and underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Bariatric surgery in this age group comes with a lot of decision-making challenges and technical and ethical considerations, and literature is scant on paediatric bariatric surgery.

Decreased Ocular Perfusion Pressure Associated With Reverse Ophthalmic Artery Flow on Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography.

Innovative applications of clinical ocular diagnostic tools are emerging to help identify systemic disorders that extend beyond ocular diseases. Ophthalmodynamometry (ODM) is a screening tool that non-invasively determines mean central retinal artery pressure (MCRAP) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP). Decreased OPP and MCRAP on Falck Medical Multifunctional Device (FMD, Falck Medical, Inc.

An Artificial Intelligence Driven Approach for Classification of Ophthalmic Images using Convolutional Neural Network: An Experimental Study.

Background: Early disease detection is emphasized within ophthalmology now more than ever, and as a result, clinicians and innovators turn to deep learning to expedite accurate diagnosis and mitigate treatment delay. Efforts concentrate on the creation of deep learning systems that analyze clinical image data to detect disease-specific features with maximum sensitivity. Moreover, these systems hold promise of early accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with common progressive diseases.

Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome of Unresolving Mydriasis Following Endocyclophotocoagulation Combined with Phacoemulsification.

Aim And Background: Combined endocyclophotocoagulation and phacoemulsification (ECP/Phaco) are uncommonly associated with complications. We present the first case of a rare complication following ECP/Phaco.

Case Description: A 72-year-old patient with dense nuclear sclerotic cataracts and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) underwent bilateral surgery uneventfully.

Epithelial ingrowth in descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty associated with vitreous loss.

Background: Epithelial ingrowth is a rare but potentially sight-threatening complication caused by the invasion of corneal or conjunctival epithelial cells into the eye during ocular surgeries. DMEK is emerging as a widely used surgery for endothelial keratoplasty with its improved safety profile. We describe a case of epithelial ingrowth in the graft-host interface after uneventful DMEK associated with vitreous prolapse in the anterior chamber.

Trend of viral load during the first, second, and third wave of COVID-19 in the Indian Himalayan region: an observational study of the Uttarakhand state.

India had faced three waves throughout the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which had already impacted economic lives and affected the healthcare setting and infrastructure. The widespread impacts have inspired researchers to look for clinical indicators of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection prognosis. Cyclic threshold values have been used to correlate the viral load in COVID-19 patients and for viral transmission.

Recent Advances in Imaging Macular Atrophy for Late-Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. In late-stage AMD, geographic atrophy (GA) of dry AMD or choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of neovascular AMD eventually results in macular atrophy (MA), leading to significant visual loss. Despite the development of innovative therapies, there are currently no established effective treatments for MA.

Assessment of impaired cerebral autoregulation and its correlation with neurological outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A prospective and observational study.

Background: Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is crucial for the maintenance of cerebral homeostasis. It can be assessed by measuring transient hyperemic response ratio (THRR) using transcranial Doppler (TCD). We aimed at assessing the incidence of impaired CA (ICA) and its correlation with the neurological outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).