Repeat Intravitreal Bevacizumab in a Very Low Birth Weight Infant with Recurrent ROP: 3-Year Follow-Up and Literature Review.

Introduction: Low gestational birth weight is associated with increased incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In recent years, intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has become more prevalent for ROP. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness following anti-VEGF injection, recurrence of ROP has been reported.

Macular hole repair using a refined viscoelastic assisted membrane positioning technique markedly improves surgical success rates.

Introduction: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) using dispersive viscoelastic-assisted inverted internal limiting membrane (VILM) flap technique in patients with full-thickness macular holes (MH).

Methods: We retrospectively review 247 eyes that underwent PPV with the VILM flap technique and had a minimum follow-up of six months. Following core vitrectomy, the internal limiting membrane (ILM), stained with indocyanine green, was placed on the MH.

Topical Cenegermin-Bkbj Dramatically Resolves Neurotrophic Keratitis Associated With Pars Plana Vitrectomy.

Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) may occur secondary to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). A subset of patients with very severe NK corneal defects may require therapy escalation, and Cenegermin-Bkbj, a recombinant human nerve growth factor, represents a novel treatment option. This case report presents the successful treatment of refractory NK using Cenegermin-Bkbj in a patient after undergoing multiple PPV surgeries.

Tolicizumab effectively controls giant cell arteritis and prevents recurrence of steroid-induced concomitant toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) affects various ocular structures and potentially leads to vision loss. Traditional therapy involves a tapering regimen of high-dose systemic corticosteroids which are associated with adverse effects, including the risk of opportunistic infections such as toxoplasmosis from immune suppression. Tocilizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody directed against the interleukin-6 receptor, offers an effective treatment option for GCA.

Dr. Scheffer C.G. Tseng: A Pioneer in Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane for Regenerative Medicine.

Dr. Scheffer Chuei-Goong Tseng is widely recognized as a pioneer in the development and application of cryopreserved amniotic membrane therapy. Dr.

Ab-Externo XEN Gel stent implantation effectively treated refractory glaucoma with prior failed shunt tube.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a gelatin stent (XEN 45 Gel Stent; Allergan) implant in advanced glaucoma eyes that have failed prior aqueous shunt implantation.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 6 patients with refractory glaucoma, defined as persistently high IOP (> 21 mmHg) despite taking at least 3 IOP-lowering medications subsequent to undergoing a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) with or without a second GDD or cilioablative procedure. Eyes with previous failed GDD underwent subconjunctival 0.

Decreased Ocular Perfusion Pressure Associated With Reverse Ophthalmic Artery Flow on Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography.

Innovative applications of clinical ocular diagnostic tools are emerging to help identify systemic disorders that extend beyond ocular diseases. Ophthalmodynamometry (ODM) is a screening tool that non-invasively determines mean central retinal artery pressure (MCRAP) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP). Decreased OPP and MCRAP on Falck Medical Multifunctional Device (FMD, Falck Medical, Inc.

Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome of Unresolving Mydriasis Following Endocyclophotocoagulation Combined with Phacoemulsification.

Aim And Background: Combined endocyclophotocoagulation and phacoemulsification (ECP/Phaco) are uncommonly associated with complications. We present the first case of a rare complication following ECP/Phaco.

Case Description: A 72-year-old patient with dense nuclear sclerotic cataracts and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) underwent bilateral surgery uneventfully.

Epithelial ingrowth in descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty associated with vitreous loss.

Background: Epithelial ingrowth is a rare but potentially sight-threatening complication caused by the invasion of corneal or conjunctival epithelial cells into the eye during ocular surgeries. DMEK is emerging as a widely used surgery for endothelial keratoplasty with its improved safety profile. We describe a case of epithelial ingrowth in the graft-host interface after uneventful DMEK associated with vitreous prolapse in the anterior chamber.

Trend of viral load during the first, second, and third wave of COVID-19 in the Indian Himalayan region: an observational study of the Uttarakhand state.

India had faced three waves throughout the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which had already impacted economic lives and affected the healthcare setting and infrastructure. The widespread impacts have inspired researchers to look for clinical indicators of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection prognosis. Cyclic threshold values have been used to correlate the viral load in COVID-19 patients and for viral transmission.

Recent Advances in Imaging Macular Atrophy for Late-Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. In late-stage AMD, geographic atrophy (GA) of dry AMD or choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of neovascular AMD eventually results in macular atrophy (MA), leading to significant visual loss. Despite the development of innovative therapies, there are currently no established effective treatments for MA.

Pituitary Macroadenoma with Optic Cupping Masquerading as Normal Tension Glaucoma.

When non-glaucomatous disease with disc cupping mimics normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), diagnosis is challenging. The typical optic disc features of glaucomatous disease are often subjective, and often overlap with disc changes in compressive intracranial lesions. Ancillary diagnostic testing such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) analysis and visual field testing can elevate the index of suspicion of an underlying non-glaucomatous process.

Antibacterial Potential of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized From Leaf Extract of Syzygium cumini Against Multidrug-Resistant Urinary Tract Pathogens.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most commonly encountered bacterial infections. Due to the misuse or excessive use of antibiotics, the upsurge of multidrug-resistance cases in UTIs has now become a global threat to public health. Exploring a newer or safer treatment using green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) is another substitute for eliminating multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Interference of Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) in Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IIFA)-Based Perinuclear Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (pANCA) Interpretation.

Background: Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) based on antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing is a commonly employed test for diagnosing autoimmune vasculitis. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) can give rise to a false interpretation of perinuclear-ANCA (pANCA) in ethanol-fixed granulocyte substrates. Analytical interference could frequently occur in setups where ethanol-fixed substrates are used alone.

Functional characterization of novel variants in SMPD1 in Indian patients with acid sphingomyelinase deficiency.

Pathogenic variations in SMPD1 lead to acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD), that is, Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) type A and B (NPA, NPB), which is a recessive lysosomal storage disease. The knowledge of variant spectrum in Indian patients is crucial for early and accurate NPD diagnosis and genetic counseling of families. In this study, we recruited 40 unrelated pediatric patients manifesting symptoms of ASMD and subnormal ASM enzyme activity.

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion After Nasosinal Surgery - an Insight.

Objective: To describe a case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) after nasosinal surgery and subject's subsequent response to hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).

Design: Observational case report.

Results: We describe a subject with diagnosed CRAO after septoplasty, bilateral inferior turbinate reduction and balloon sinuplasty, who was given hyperbaric oxygen treatment after four days of onset of CRAO with an improvement in visual acuity and visual field.

Ectopic Expression of Rv0023 Mediates Isoniazid/Ethionamide Tolerance via Altering NADH/NAD Levels in .

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by () accounts for nearly 1.2 million deaths per annum worldwide. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, TB, a curable and avertable disease, remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality.

Mce2R/Rv0586 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the functional homologue of FadR.

Lipid metabolism is critical to Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival and infection. Unlike Escherichia coli, which has a single FadR, the M. tuberculosis genome encodes five proteins of the FadR sub-family.

NKX6.1 induced pluripotent stem cell reporter lines for isolation and analysis of functionally relevant neuronal and pancreas populations.

Recent studies have reported significant advances in the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to clinically relevant cell types such as the insulin producing beta-like cells and motor neurons. However, many of the current differentiation protocols lead to heterogeneous cell cultures containing cell types other than the targeted cell fate. Genetically modified human pluripotent stem cells reporting the expression of specific genes are of great value for differentiation protocol optimization and for the purification of relevant cell populations from heterogeneous cell cultures.

An IclR like protein from mycobacteria regulates leuCD operon and induces dormancy-like growth arrest in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

leuCD operon encodes isopropylmalate isomerase (IPMI), an essential enzyme in leucine biosynthesis. Leucine biosynthesis is one of the essential metabolic pathways for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival inside the macrophage. In this study, we identified an IclR like transcription regulator, Rv2989 involved in regulation of leuCD expression.

Sex-related differences in hemato-biochemical indices of adult Vanaraja chickens during summer and winter seasons.

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in hemato-biochemical indices in male and female Vanaraja chickens under tropical environment during summer and winter season.

Materials And Methods: A total of 120 day-old sexed Vanaraja chicks were selected as experimental chickens and distributed equally in two groups having 60 female and 60 male chickens in each group, respectively. The experiment was continued for 8 weeks (56 days) and both male and female chickens were slaughtered by cervical dislocation method.

Rapid establishment of the European Bank for induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (EBiSC) - the Hot Start experience.

A fast track "Hot Start" process was implemented to launch the European Bank for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (EBiSC) to provide early release of a range of established control and disease linked human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines. Established practice amongst consortium members was surveyed to arrive at harmonised and publically accessible Standard Operations Procedures (SOPs) for tissue procurement, bio-sample tracking, iPSC expansion, cryopreservation, qualification and distribution to the research community. These were implemented to create a quality managed foundational collection of lines and associated data made available for distribution.

Studies of the macroscopic and microscopic morphology (hippocampus) of brain in Vencobb broiler.

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the anatomy of different parts of brain and histology of hippocampus of Vencobb broiler chicken.

Materials And Methods: A 12 adult experimental birds were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. After separation of the brain, gross anatomy features were studied.

Five-Year Outcomes of Ranibizumab With Prompt or Deferred Laser Versus Laser or Triamcinolone Plus Deferred Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema.

Purpose: To compare long-term vision and anatomic effects of ranibizumab with prompt or deferred laser vs laser or triamcinolone + laser with very deferred ranibizumab in diabetic macular edema (DME).

Design: Randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Eight hundred and twenty-eight study eyes (558 [67%] completed the 5-year visit), at 52 sites, with visual acuity 20/32 to 20/320 and DME involving the central macula were randomly assigned to intravitreous ranibizumab (0.