Lag time for diagnosis and treatment in 1120 retinoblastoma children: Analysis from InPOG-RB-19-01.

Setting: Increased lag time for diagnosis and treatment is a key determinant of adverse retinoblastoma (RB) outcomes. Analysis from INPHOG-RB-19-01, a prospective, multicentric study of newly diagnosed RB with regard to lag time and its correlation with various variables, is presented.

Patient Or Study Population: All newly diagnosed RB patients treated at the participating centers during the study period were enrolled.

Acquired capillary haemangioma of the eyelid in a late adolescent girl.

Adult capillary haemangiomas of the eyelid are rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We report the case of a late adolescent girl with an acquired capillary haemangioma of the right upper eyelid preseptal region. The differential diagnoses considered were folliculitis and pyogenic granuloma, but the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of capillary haemangioma.

Bioinspired Silk and Human Amniotic Membrane-Based MSC-sEV-Functionalized Wound Dressing Enhances Skin Regeneration: A Cell-Free Therapeutic Modality for Wound Care.

Full-thickness wounds pose significant healing challenges due to their impaired regenerative capacity, persistent inflammation, and oxidative stress. Enhancing the bioactivity of silk fibroin (SF) and the mechanical strength of the human amniotic membrane (hAM) can improve wound healing outcomes. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) offer promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits, but their poor retention and painful application limits their clinical utility.

Exploring metabolic biomarkers in primary and chemoreduced retinoblastoma with patient outcome.

Aims: The goal of this study is to identify the pathological findings and expression of metabolic markers (GLUT-1, PDK-1 and PGC1α) in the tumour microenvironment of both primary and chemoreduced retinoblastoma (Rb) and to correlate with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome.

Methods: 81 prospective cases were included, in which 53 cases underwent primary enucleation and 28 cases received chemotherapy before enucleation. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression pattern of metabolic markers in primary and chemoreduced Rb.

Topical low-dose heparin in ocular Stevens Johnson Syndrome and associated molecular correlations: A randomized controlled pilot study.

Purpose: To elucidate the efficacy of topical low dose heparin (LDH) as an adjuvant therapy in of sub -chronic and chronic ocular Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and its effect on Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) associated markers.

Design: A prospective randomized controlled pilot trial.

Methods: 72 clinically diagnosed SJS cases were recruited into sub-chronic and chronic groups.

Relevance of mitochondrial morphological changes in keratoconus patients undergoing collagen cross-linking and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty.

Keratoconus (KC) is characterised by corneal stromal thinning and irregular astigmatism, resulting in diminution of vision. Underlying aetiology remains poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests dysregulation of oxidative balance and mitochondrial function in KC corneas.

Prognostic significance of pigmentation and stem cell markers in Indian population of uveal melanoma.

Background: Increased pigmentation has been associated with cancer stem-cell-like behaviour and chemoresistance in uveal melanoma (UM) and cutaneous melanoma. Therefore, our present study determines the correlation between pigmentation and cancer stem cell markers in UM patients.

Methods: Expression of PAX3, CD133, ABCG2, TRYP1, TRYP2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was assessed by immunohistochemistry along with mRNA expression level of PAX3 using quantitative real-time PCR in 70 prospective UM cases.

Deciphering the Intricate Relationship Between Macrophages, Pigmentation, and Prognosis in Uveal Melanoma.

High pigmentation and the abundance of M2 macrophages have been identified as negative predictors in uveal melanoma (UM). Risk factors associated with UM that are prevalent in high-risk White populations are still present, although less common, in relatively low-risk Asian populations. Research indicates that proangiogenic M2 macrophages and monosomy 3 play significant roles in UM progression.

Clinicopathological presentations of eyelid malignancy in COVID era versus pre-COVID era.

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to overall interrupted medical care, resulting in disease progression and morbidity. The study aimed to evaluate clinicopathological presentations and severity of eyelid malignancy during the COVID era, comparing the results with patients presented during pre-COVID era and evaluating the reasons for delayed presentation in patients with advanced eyelid malignancy in the COVID-era.

Methods: This was a comparative, ambispective observational study.

Orbital Sarcoma with Genetic Alterations in the Pediatric Age Group.

Pediatric orbital tumors encompass a wide spectrum of neoplasms, many of which are malignant small round cell tumors with overlapping histology. Sarcomas with genetic alterations are undifferentiated round cell sarcomas (URCS) characterized by rearrangements or internal tandem duplications, having distinct clinical features. Being previously unrecognized in the orbit, they have potential for misdiagnosis.

Tumor DNA sampling from aqueous humor in retinoblastoma - A report from South Asia.

Purpose: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular tumor in pediatric age group. The role of genetics has been explored in predicting survival prognosis, but its role in predicting globe salvage remains largely unexplored. We hereby aim to isolate cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from aqueous humor (AH) in RB eyes and validate its use for genetic studies.

Clinical and diagnostic imaging profile of three anterior segment dysgenesis disorders presenting with infantile corneal opacities.

Purpose: To describe three anterior segment dysgenesis disorders with infantile corneal opacities, namely, congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED), primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), and Peters anomaly (PA) in terms of clinical characteristics, histopathology, genetic association, and diagnostic imaging profiles using imaging modalities such as ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and microscope-integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography (i-OCT).

Materials And Methods: Seventy-four eyes with 22 eyes of CHED, 28 eyes of PA, and 24 eyes of PCG were clinically evaluated and underwent imaging using UBM and i-OCT. Corneal buttons of 16 operated patients underwent histopathological analysis, while genetic analysis was done in 23 patients using whole-exome sequencing.

Receptor tyrosine kinase gene expression profiling of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma unveils MET as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) serve as molecular targets for the development of novel personalized therapies in many malignancies. In the present study, expression pattern of receptor tyrosine kinases and its clinical significance in orbital RMS has been explored. Eighteen patients with histopathologically confirmed orbital RMS formed part of this study.

Can Enhancement Pattern in Normal-Sized Optic Nerves on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Better Predict Tumor Invasion in Retinoblastoma Eyes?

Introduction: Optic nerve (ON) enhancement alone without ON thickening on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) can be associated with post-laminar optic nerve invasion (PLONI) in eyes with group E retinoblastoma. A few case reports and retrospective studies in the literature show a poor correlation between ON enhancement on MRI and ON invasion on histopathological examination (HPE). There is no universal consensus on the management of such cases.

HPV-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Eyelid: Diagnostic Utility of p16 Immunohistochemistry and mRNA In Situ Hybridization.

Background: High-risk (HR) Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) at several sites with mucocutaneous junctions, including the head and neck. SCC is the second most common eyelid malignancy. However, its association with transcriptionally active HR-HPV has not been adequately studied.

Comparative evaluation of isoflurane and desflurane for postoperative cognitive decline in elderly patients: A prospective observational pilot study.

Background: Approximately 16%-62% of patients undergoing non cardiac surgeries develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction. We compared the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older adults aged 60-80 years who underwent open abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia using isoflurane or desflurane and correlated it with the serum concentration of interleukin 1, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, amyloid β and S100 on postoperative day 3.

Method: Forty American Association of Anesthesiologists Physical Classification I or II patients were included after acquiring institutional ethics committee approval, registering in the Clinical Trials Registry - India, and informed written consent.

Baseline and Post-NACT Imaging in Retinoblastoma With Optic Nerve Involvement: Can MRI Predict Prognosis?

Purpose: To describe a staging system for optic nerve invasion using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and report any correlation with survival outcome.

Methods: This was a ambispective study. Twenty-one patients with retinoblastoma who had optic nerve involvement on MRI were staged at baseline based on contrast enhancement and/or thickening and length of involvement.