HIV-Tat and vascular endothelium: implications in the HIV associated brain, heart, and lung complications.

Following the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), neurological, cardiovascular, and pulmonary comorbidities emerged as major challenges in treating non-infectious complications in people living with HIV. Despite effective ART, HIV viral proteins can persist in circulation even in individuals with negligible viral loads, potentially contributing to cellular and tissue-level stress, inflammation, and related health complications. Most of the HIV protein: Tat (Trans activator of Transcription), expressed in HIV-infected cells, is actively secreted and exerts its pathological effects on non-infected cells, particularly impacting the vascular endothelium.

Biochemical, functional, and molecular profiling of three bacterial isolates with bioremediation potential for imidacloprid.

The primary focus of the current research was to isolate and characterize imidacloprid (IM) degrading bacteria found in maize field soils. The characterization encompassed various aspects, including morphological, biochemical, functional, and sequencing analyses of these bacterial cultures. Furthermore, the study assessed the potential of these bacterial cultures to bioremediate IM contaminated soil, comparing their efficacy with untreated soil.

Comparative genomic analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from the chicken production chain and table egg livestock in New South Wales, Australia.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) is a globally prevalent pathogen, causing foodborne illnesses in humans through contaminated food products. Poultry products are known reservoirs of STm. This study performed a comparative genomic analysis of STm isolates from different stages of the Australian broiler chicken production chain and table egg livestock, to investigate their transmission dynamics within the production chain.

Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) for Cardiorenal Disease: Mechanistic Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Studies.

Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) is a class of double-stranded, noncoding RNA that silences pathogenic mRNA through the process of RNA interference (RNAi). Its medical application is extensive, particularly in targeting genes associated with cardiorenal diseases, including atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and cardiac failure. The pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome is intricate, involving a network of neurohormonal, metabolic, hemodynamic, and inflammatory interactions.

Four-month clofazimine regimen for susceptible pulmonary TB: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Clofazimine, an antimycobacterial agent, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing the treatment duration for MDR TB.

Objectives: To determine whether a 16 week clofazimine-based regimen is non-inferior to the standard 24 week regimen for drug-susceptible pulmonary TB.

Methods: CORTAIL was a multicentric, investigator-initiated, randomized controlled trial designed to assess the non-inferiority of a 16 week clofazimine-based regimen compared with the standard 24 week regimen for drug-susceptible pulmonary TB (Clinical Trials Registry of India no.

Codon usage analysis in selected virulence genes of Staphylococcal species.

The Staphylococcus genus, composed of Gram-positive bacteria, includes several pathogenic species such as Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S.

Method Validation for Estimation of Imidacloprid and its Metabolites in Maize and Soil by LCMS-MS.

Validation of Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method was performed for estimation of imidacloprid (IM) and its metabolites in maize leaves, immature kernels, mature kernels, stalk, and soil using liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry, coupled with electrospray ionization. The extraction in different matrices of maize and soil was performed using acetonitrile +0.1% formic acid followed by clean-up with primary secondary amine sorbent and anhydrous magnesium sulfate.

Nutritional assessment of adolescents: A cross-sectional study from public schools of North India.

Background: Technological advancements and globalization have shifted dietary behaviours, contributing to increased chronic disease prevalence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) like India. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable due to these changes, which can impact their lifelong health. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of adolescents in public schools in Chandigarh, India.

Genomic diversity of serovar Typhimurium isolated from chicken processing facilities in New South Wales, Australia.

Contamination of poultry products by serovar Typhimurium (STm) is a major cause of foodborne infections and outbreaks. This study aimed to assess the diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) carriage of STm in three chicken processing plants using genomic sequencing. It also aimed to investigate whether any particular strain types were associated with cases of human illness.

Comparative genome wise analysis of codon usage of Staphylococcus Genus.

The genus Staphylococcus encompasses a diverse array of bacteria with significant implications for human health, including disreputable pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Understanding the genetic composition and codon usage patterns of Staphylococcus species is crucial for unraveling their evolutionary dynamics, adaptive strategies, and pathogenic potential. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of codon usage patterns across 48 species within the Staphylococcus genus.

Reinforcement of the Maxillary First Premolar With Bayonet-Shaped Radicular Anatomy: A Challenging Case.

This is a unique case of a single-rooted maxillary premolar with two separate canals in bayonet or S-shaped radicular anatomy undergoing post-endodontic reinforcement prior to crown placement. Bayonet-shaped canals present challenges in canal negotiation, cleaning, shaping, and obturation. The complexity of these canals heightens the risk of accidental file breakage and other iatrogenic errors, posing significant challenges.

Bluff Indicators in Medical and Dental Tele-Consultation: A Review.

The global lockdowns have resulted in the popularisation of tele-consultation. Also the anxiety about dental visits and hospital-acquired infections in patients and incidences of dishonesty are increased. Tele-consultation includes patient data collected on phone calls, text messages, and video calls.

Aberrant glycosylation of secretory mucin from the oral cavity in tobacco consumers: a pilot study.

Mucins are a family of high-molecular-weight O-linked glycoproteins which are the primary structural components of mucus and maintain homeostasis in the oral cavity. The present study was conducted as the first step towards establishing a correlation of aberrant mucin glycosylation with tobacco-associated clinical conditions. Tobacco habituates for the study were identified on the basis of type, duration, amount, and frequency of using tobacco products.

Effectiveness of a school-based behavioural change intervention in reducing chronic disease risk factors in Chandigarh, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background: Early behavioural risk factors such as unbalanced diets, physical inactivity and tobacco and alcohol consumption lead to chronic diseases in later life. We conducted a cluster-randomised controlled trial to measure the effect of a school-based health-promotion intervention in reducing the behavioural risk factors of chronic diseases.

Methods: Twelve public schools in the Chandigarh, India were randomised to the intervention and control arm.

Structural, luminescent and in vitro studies of europium-doped soda lime phosphate glasses.

In this article, we have reported the effect of varying concentration of europium (Eu) in (50 - x)% P O -25% Na O-24% CaO-% Eu O , where x = 1, 3, 5. The glass samples were synthesised via conventional melt-quench method. The impact of europium ion (Eu ) on the structural, optical and luminescent properties of phosphate soda lime glasses has been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy and photoluminescent techniques.

Emergence and genomic insights of non-pandemic O1 in Zhejiang, China.

It is well recognized that only O1 causes cholera pandemics. However, not all O1 strains cause pandemic-level disease. In this study, we analyzed non-pandemic O1 isolates from the 1960s to the 1990s from China and found that they fell into three lineages, one of which shared the most recent common ancestor with pandemic O1 strains.

Genomic epidemiology and multilevel genome typing of .

causes pertussis (or whooping cough), a severe respiratory infectious disease in infants, although it can be prevented by whole cell and acellular vaccines. The recent pertussis resurgence in industrialised countries is partly attributed to pathogen adaptation to vaccines, while emergence of antimicrobial resistance, specifically to macrolides in China, has become a concern. Surveillance of current circulating and emerging strains is therefore vital to understand the risks they pose to public health.