Lysozyme/Alginate Interactions: Structural and Thermodynamic Insights through ITC and SAXS.

Coacervation and aggregation are distinct phase separation phenomena influenced by molecular properties and physicochemical conditions, such as pH and ionic strength. We investigate lysozyme (LYS)-alginate (ALG) mixtures at pH 7, focusing on the role of ionic strength in determining whether liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) or liquid-solid phase separation (LSPS) occurs. Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), we find that a low salt (0-50 mM NaCl) induces compact fractal aggregates, while the intermediate salt (100-150 mM) yields coexisting or pure coacervates composed of larger swollen primary globules.

Protein-Protein Interactions and Structure of Heat-Set Gels Based on Pea Protein and Egg White Mixtures.

The substitution of animal proteins with plant-based ones to fit environmental and economic demands is a challenge in gel applications. This study examined the thermal elation of mixtures of pea protein isolate (PPI) and egg white proteins (EWPs) at different PPI/EWP weight ratios (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100) at pH 7.5 and 9.

The effects of Thymus capitatus essential oil topical application on milk quality: a systems biology approach.

Essential oils (EO) are known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as an alternative to reduce the reliance on antimicrobials in dairy cattle. While many studies have explored the beneficial properties of EO in vitro, their effects on milk quality and milk microbiota, when applied directly to the udder skin, remain relatively unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Thymus capitatus essential oil (TCEO), known for its high antibacterial and antioxidant properties, on milk microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing, the lipidomic profile via liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, udder skin microbiota, and inflammatory biomarkers of dairy cows at the end of lactation.

Viscoelastic and flow behaviour of β-lactoglobulin/lactoferrin coacervates: Influence of temperature and ionic strength.

Heteroprotein complex coacervation has potential for a wide range of applications. However, the sensitivity of coacervates to slight changes in physico-chemical conditions may constitute a technological barrier for their development and deserves to be better understood. In this study, the rheological properties of β-lactoglobulin/lactoferrin (βLG/LF) heteroprotein complex coacervates were investigated with respect to narrow changes of temperature (5-40 °C) and ionic strength (0 to 10 mM added NaCl).

Strong electrostatic attraction drives milk heteroprotein complex coacervation.

Coacervates of oppositely charged milk proteins are used in functional food development, mainly to encapsulate bioactives. To uncover the driving forces behind coacervates formation, we study the association of lactoferrin and β-lactoglobulin at amino-acid level detail, using molecular simulations. Our findings show that inter-protein electrostatic interactions dominate and are, surprisingly, equally divided between an isotropic part, due to monopole-monopole attraction of the oppositely charged proteins, and an anisotropic part due to uneven surface charge distributions.

Plant and animal protein mixed systems as wall material for microencapsulation of Mānuka essential Oil: Characterization and in vitro release kinetics.

Combination of plant and animal protein diet is becoming a valuable source of nutrition in the modern diet due to the synergistic functional properties inherent in these protein complexes. Moreover, the synergy between animal and plant proteins can contribute to the high stability and improved solubility of the encapsulated bioactive ingredients (e.g.

Anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils from Tunisian aromatic and medicinal plants and their major constituents in THP-1 macrophages.

In this study, the capacity of eight essential oils (EOs), sage (Salvia officinalis), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), black cumin (Nigella sativa), prickly juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus), geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), oregano (Origanum vulgare) and wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba), on the inhibition of NF-κB activation was screened at concentrations up to 0.25 µL/mL using THP-1 human macrophages bearing a NF-κB reporter. This screening selected coriander, geranium, and wormwood EOs as the most active, which later evidenced the ability to decrease over 50 % IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2 mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages.

Ionic Strength Dependence of the Complex Coacervation between Lactoferrin and β-Lactoglobulin.

Heteroprotein complex coacervation is an assembly formed by oppositely charged proteins in aqueous solution that leads to liquid-liquid phase separation. The ability of lactoferrin and β-lactoglobulin to form complex coacervates at pH 5.5 under optimal protein stoichiometry has been studied in a previous work.

Essential Oil Stabilisation by Response Surface Methodology (RSM): Nanoemulsion Formulation, Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Investigations.

This manuscript aimed to optimise the encapsulation of essential oil into nanoemulsion. Response Surface Methodology results were best fitted into polynomial models with regression coefficient values of more than 0.95.

Recent trends in design of healthier plant-based alternatives: nutritional profile, gastrointestinal digestion, and consumer perception.

In recent years, various types of plant-based meat, dairy, and seafood alternatives merged in the health-conscious consumer market. However, plant-based alternatives present complexity in terms of nutritional profile and absorption of nutrients after food ingestion. Thus, this review summarizes current strategies of plant-based alternatives and their nutritional analysis along with gastrointestinal digestion and bioavailability.

Essential Oils in Livestock: From Health to Food Quality.

Using plant essential oils (EOs) contributes to the growing number of natural plants' applications in livestock. Scientific data supporting the efficacy of EOs as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant molecules accumulates over time; however, the cumulative evidence is not always sufficient. EOs antioxidant properties have been investigated mainly from human perspectives.

Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions between caseins and lutein.

Understanding the food protein binding to bioactive compounds is of utmost importance for the development of efficient protein-based delivery systems. The binding of lutein to sodium caseinate (NaCas) or native casein micelle (PPCN) was investigated at pH 7 to evaluate the effect of casein supramolecular structures on the interaction. Fluorescence quenching, UV-vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering were carried out.

Aroma-retention capacities of functional whey protein aggregates: Study of a strawberry aroma in solutions and in fat-free yogurts.

The aroma-retention capacity of functional whey protein aggregates (WPA) was compared to that of native whey protein isolate (WPI) in aqueous solutions and in fat-free yogurts. The retention of aroma compounds, constituting a model strawberry aroma, was evaluated by calculating gas-matrix partition coefficients using headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC). The retention capacity of WPA differed from the one of WPI for three out of seven aroma compounds detected in HS-GC.

Modification of protein structures by altering the whey protein profile and heat treatment affects in vitro static digestion of model infant milk formulas.

Heat treatments induce changes in the protein structure in infant milk formulas (IMFs). The present study aims to investigate whether these structural modifications affect protein digestion. Model IMFs (1.

Physico-chemical behaviors of human and bovine milk membrane extracts and their influence on gastric lipase adsorption.

Milk fat globule membrane conditions the reactivity and enzymatic susceptibility of milk lipids. The use of bovine membrane extracts to make infant formulas more biomimetic of human milk has been suggested recently. A comparison of the physico-chemical behavior of human and bovine milk membrane extracts and their interaction with gastric lipase is here undertaken using biophysical tools.

Kinetics of heat-induced denaturation of proteins in model infant milk formulas as a function of whey protein composition.

The process of manufacturing infant milk formulas (IMFs) involves heat treatments that can lead to whey protein denaturation. The objective of the study was to determine how protein composition affects the denaturation kinetics of the whey proteins within IMFs. Three model IMFs (1.

Contrasting Assemblies of Oppositely Charged Proteins.

Oppositely charged proteins can form soluble assemblies that under specific physical chemical conditions lead to liquid-liquid phase separation, also called heteroprotein coacervation. Increasing evidence suggests that surface charge anisotropy plays a key role in heteroprotein complexation, and coacervation. Here, we investigated complexation of an acidic protein, β-lactoglobulin (BLG), with two basic proteins, rapeseed napin (NAP) and lysozyme (LYS), of similar net charge and size but differing in surface charge distribution.

Soft-Matter Approaches for Controlling Food Protein Interactions and Assembly.

Animal- and plant-based proteins are present in a wide variety of raw and processed foods. They play an important role in determining the final structure of food matrices. Food proteins are diverse in terms of their biological origin, molecular structure, and supramolecular assembly.

pH- and ionic strength-dependent interaction between cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and sodium caseinate.

Understanding the mechanism of interaction between food proteins and bioactives constitutes the preliminary step to design food grade nanocarriers. We investigated the interaction between cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), and 20nm-sized sodium caseinate nanoparticles (NaCas) at pH 7 and pH 2 by fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The characterization of the C3G-NaCas interaction indicated that the fluorescence quenching mechanism was predominantly static.

Polar lipid composition of bioactive dairy co-products buttermilk and butterserum: Emphasis on sphingolipid and ceramide isoforms.

Bioactive lipids of the milk fat globule membrane become concentrated in two co-products of the butter industry, buttermilk and butterserum. Their lipid composition is detailed here with special emphasis on sphingolipid composition of nutritional interest, determined using GC, HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry. Butterserum was 2.

How the presence of a small molecule affects the complex coacervation between lactoferrin and β-lactoglobulin.

Heteroprotein complex coacervation corresponds to the formation of two liquid phases in equilibrium induced by the interaction of two oppositely charged proteins. The more concentrated phase known as coacervate phase, has attracted interest from several fields of science due to its potential applications for example for encapsulation and delivery of bioactives. Prior such application, it is necessary to understand how the presence of small ligands affects the complex coacervation.

Dietary bioactive peptides: Human studies.

Current opinion strongly links nutrition and health. Among nutrients, proteins, and peptides which are encrypted in their sequences and released during digestion could play a key role in improving health. These peptides have been claimed to be active on a wide spectrum of biological functions or diseases, including blood pressure and metabolic risk factors (coagulation, obesity, lipoprotein metabolism, and peroxidation), gut and neurological functions, immunity, cancer, dental health, and mineral metabolism.

Heteroprotein complex coacervation: A generic process.

Proteins exhibit a rich diversity of functional, physico-chemical and biodegradable properties which makes them appealing for various applications in the food and non-food sectors. Such properties are attributed to their ability to interact and assemble into a diversity of supramolecular structures. The present review addresses the updated research progress in the recent field of complex coacervation made from mixtures of oppositely charged proteins (i.

Structure and Dynamics of Heteroprotein Coacervates.

Under specific conditions, mixing two oppositely charged proteins induces liquid-liquid phase separation. The denser phase, or coacervate phase, can be potentially applied as a system to protect or encapsulate different bioactive molecules with a broad range of food and/or medical applications. The optimization of the design and efficiency of such systems requires a precise understanding of the structure and the equilibrium of the nanocomplexes formed within the coacervate.