Very deep prostate-specific antigen decline is associated with longer rPFS in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used in the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. The prognostic relevance of very low PSA levels has not been clearly established in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). More sensitive PSA assays may provide more accurate estimates of clinical outcomes.

Real-World Outcomes in BRAF-Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Analysis From the Turkish Oncology Group.

Background: Real-world data on BRAF-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain limited, particularly regarding outcomes with dabrafenib plus trametinib (D + T).

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 88 patients with advanced BRAF-mutant NSCLC treated across 30 centers. Clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment outcomes, and safety data were collected and analyzed.

Perioperative Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Era of Immunotherapy.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Nonetheless, deeper molecular understanding of NSCLC has resulted in novel therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which have improved patient prognosis and outcomes in recent years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), with or without chemotherapy, are now considered valuable components of treatment for NSCLC cases that do not have specific actionable genetic mutations.

Cemiplimab monotherapy as first-line treatment of patients with brain metastases from advanced non-small cell lung cancer with programmed cell death-ligand 1 ≥50.

Background: In the phase 3 EMPOWER-Lung 1 study, first-line cemiplimab monotherapy provided significant survival benefit versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) ≥50%. This exploratory subgroup analysis investigated the clinical outcomes of cemiplimab treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC with brain metastases.

Methods: Patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized (1:1) to cemiplimab 350 mg every 3 weeks or four cycles of platinum doublet chemotherapy (NCT03088540).

Efficacy of Immunotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in Advanced Pleural Mesothelioma: A Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy compared to chemotherapy across different treatment lines in patients with pleural mesothelioma. It also sought to identify factors influencing the success of immunotherapy, such as histological subtype, PD-L1 expression, type of asbestos exposure, and metastatic status. A retrospective analysis was conducted with 60 patients diagnosed with pleural mesothelioma.

Cemiplimab Monotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Patients with Advanced NSCLC With PD-L1 Expression of 50% or Higher: Five-Year Outcomes of EMPOWER-Lung 1.

Introduction: Earlier results from the phase 3 EMPOWER-Lung 1 trial indicated significant survival benefits and a generally acceptable safety profile of first-line cemiplimab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for patients with advanced NSCLC with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in 50% or more tumor cells and no EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 aberrations. Here, we report the five-year outcomes.

Methods: Patients were randomized 1:1 to cemiplimab 350 mg intravenously every three weeks for two years or the investigator's choice of chemotherapy.

Understanding of Clinical Trials Among Patients With Cancer and Their Relatives.

Importance: Clinical trials are vital for advancing cancer treatments and improving patient outcomes. Understanding the factors that influence participants' decision-making is critical for enhancing trial recruitment.

Objective: To evaluate the attitudes of patients with cancer and their relatives toward clinical trial participation, identifying key barriers and motivators that affect their willingness to engage in such trials.

Enhancing Treatment Decisions for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations: A Reinforcement Learning Approach.

Background: Although higher-generation TKIs are associated with improved progression-free survival in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations, the optimal selection of TKI treatment remains uncertain. To address this gap, we developed a web application powered by a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to assist in guiding initial TKI treatment decisions.

Methods: Clinical and mutational data from advanced NSCLC patients were retrospectively collected from 14 medical centers.

Association Between Body Mass Index and Survival in Patients with De Novo Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND This retrospective study from a single center included 289 patients diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between 2010 to 2017 and aimed to evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) on overall survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study involved 289 patients diagnosed with metastatic-stage NSCLC at a single institution between January 2010 and December 2017. Patients were categorized into 2 groups based on their BMI at diagnosis: those with a BMI <25 kg/m² and those with a BMI ≥25 kg/m².

Prognostic Significance of the Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index in Metastatic Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of 96 Patients.

BACKGROUND The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) is regarded as a potential indicator of systemic inflammation. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of the ALI in 96 patients with advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC). MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included 96 patients who were diagnosed with extensive stage SCLC in a single institution between 2016 and 2022.

Impact of opioid analgesics on survival in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effects of concurrent opioid analgesic (OA) use with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods: In this observational retrospective study, we included advanced cancer patients who received ICIs at Hacettepe University Hospital's Department of Medical Oncology between June 2018 and January 2023.

Results: Our study included 375 recurrent or metastatic cancer patients treated with ICIs in the first, second line, or beyond.

Entrectinib in ROS1-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the phase 2/3 BFAST trial.

Although comprehensive biomarker testing is recommended for all patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before initiation of first-line treatment, tissue availability can limit testing. Genomic testing in liquid biopsies can be utilized to overcome the inherent limitations of tissue sampling and identify the most appropriate biomarker-informed treatment option for patients. The Blood First Assay Screening Trial is a global, open-label, multicohort trial that evaluates the efficacy and safety of multiple therapies in patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC and targetable alterations identified by liquid biopsy.

Prevalence of EGFR Mutations in Patients With Resected Stages I to III NSCLC: Results From the EARLY-EGFR Study.

Introduction: There is limited literature on the prevalence of EGFR mutations in early stage NSCLC. EARLY-EGFR (NCT04742192), a cross-sectional study, determined the prevalence of EGFR mutations in early stage NSCLC.

Methods: This noninterventional, real-world study enrolled consecutive patients with resected stages IA to IIIB (American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition) NSCLC from 14 countries across Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in the second- or later-line treatment of patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in Türkiye: a retrospective multicenter non-interventional registry study.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in the second-line (2L) or later-line (LL) treatment of patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in real-life setting in Türkiye.

Methods: This study was designed as a national, multi-center, retrospective study. The study population was evaluated in two groups for the line of nivolumab therapy: those receiving nivolumab in the 2L (Group 2L) and third-line (3L) or LL (Group 3L/LL).

A multicenter, retrospective archive study of radiological and clinical features of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients and crizotinib efficacy.

To evaluate radiological and clinical features in metastatic anaplastic lymphoma kinase+ non-small cell lung cancer patients and crizotinib efficacy in different lines. This national, non-interventional, multicenter, retrospective archive screening study evaluated demographic, clinical, and radiological imaging features, and treatment approaches in patients treated between 2013-2017. Totally 367 patients (54.

Adrenocortical Cancer in the Real World: A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Features and Management from the Turkish Oncology Group (TOG).

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare yet highly malignant tumor associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to delineate the clinical features, survival patterns, and treatment modalities of ACC, providing insights into the disease's prognosis.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 157 ACC patients was performed to assess treatment methodologies, demographic patterns, pathological and clinical attributes, and laboratory results.

Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with driver mutant non-small cell lung cancer and de novo brain metastases.

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases can be seen at a rate of 30% in advanced stages for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Growing evidence indicates the predictive roles of driver gene mutations in the development of brain metastases (BM) in recent years, meaning that oncogene-driven NSCLC have a high incidence of BM at diagnosis. Today, 3rd generation targeted drugs with high intracranial efficacy, which can cross the blood-brain barrier, have made a positive contribution to survival for these patients with an increased propensity to BM.

The Effectiveness of Adjuvant PD-1 Inhibitors in Patients With Surgically Resected Stage III/IV Acral Melanoma.

Our aim was to assess the efficacy of adjuvant programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors and compare the other adjuvant treatments in patients with surgically resected stage III or IV acral melanoma. This study is a multicenter, retrospective analysis. We included 114 patients with stage III or IV acral malignant melanoma who underwent surgery within the past 10 years.

The efficacy of palbociclib and ribociclib in the first-line treatment of metastatic hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer in male patients: a Turkish oncology group (TOG) study.

Introduction: Male breast cancer, comprising approximately 1% of all breast cancer cases, often leads to the exclusion of male patients as a criterion in clinical trials. While the efficacy of Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors has been established in metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR +) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2 -) breast cancer in women, limited data exist on their effectiveness in male patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of palbociclib or ribociclib in male patients with breast cancer.

The prognostic factors in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: impact of treatment sequencing.

The prognosis of patients with advanced HCC can vary widely depending on factors such as the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and treatment regimens. This study aimed to investigate survival outcomes and associated factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this retrospective study, data from 23 medical oncology clinics were analyzed.

The Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: After the success of immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the benefit of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy was compared with chemotherapy for localized NSCLC in several trials. However, the available studies had variable study designs, and study cohorts had limited follow-up times. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the benefit of adding immunotherapy to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with localized NSCLC.