Minimal impact of COVID-19 on one-year mortality on U.S. cancer patients diagnosed early in the pandemic.

Cancer patients diagnosed early in the COVD-19 pandemic may have been particularly vulnerable due to immunosuppression caused by their cancer. The objective was to assess cause of death due to COVID-19, cancer and other causes among cancer patients during the pandemic. We thus examined causes of death (cancer, COVID-19, other causes) among cancer patients diagnosed in 2020 (N=503,128) compared to 2018 (N=537,006) in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-22.

Age-specific incidence and five-year relative survival of endometrial cancer histotypes by race and ethnicity among US women, 2000 to 2019.

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is now recognized as a heterogeneous disease with distinct clinicopathologic and molecular features; however, population-based studies have traditionally focused on two broad histological groups (endometrioid and non-endometrioid). This study aims to delineate the epidemiology of individual endometrial cancer histotypes by analyzing age-specific incidence and five-year relative survival by race and ethnicity.

Methods: We estimated hysterectomy-corrected, age-specific incidence rates of endometrial cancer histotypes by race and ethnicity among women aged 30+ years, diagnosed from 2000 to 2019 in the Surveillance and Epidemiology and End Results database (SEER22; N = 390,805).

U.S. cancer deaths prevented due to survival improvements stratified by extent of disease, 2010-2019.

Background: Progress against cancer mortality has been driven by primary prevention, early detection, and cancer treatment. We estimated the number of cancer deaths that were avoided due to stage-specific improvements in cancer survival among patients diagnosed in 2010-2019 followed through 2020.

Methods: We utilized cancer incidence data from 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registries during 2004-2019.

A genome-wide association study identifies an African-specific locus on chromosome 21q22.12 associated with Burkitt lymphoma risk and survival.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a B-cell malignancy that disproportionately affects children in sub-Saharan Africa. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a combined set of 800 childhood cases and 3865 controls in East Africa, controlling for age, sex, country, population-specific principal components, and a genetic relationship matrix. This analysis identified a BL-protective region within chromosome 21q22.

Incidence of rare cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a US population-based study.

Introduction: Recent media reporting has suggested an increase in the incidence of rare cancers in 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, raising concern for possible carcinogenic effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We aimed to identify cancers that increased in incidence in the United States during 2021 compared with 2018-2019.

Methods: We analyzed data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER-22) using a systematic classification schema including rare cancers.

Cancer Incidence and Trends in US Adults With HIV.

Importance: People with HIV are living longer due to improvements in antiretroviral therapy over the last 2 decades. Current age-specific estimates of cancer risk among people with HIV may inform cancer prevention and clinical guidelines for this population.

Objective: To estimate cancer incidence rates (IRs) using a population-based linkage of HIV and cancer registries.

Inflammatory diseases and risk of lung cancer among individuals who have never smoked.

Lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS) is a leading cause of cancer death globally, but no screening programs for LCINS exist. To identify medical conditions that could serve as markers of LCINS risk, we conducted a nested case-control study within the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD-GOLD), consisting of 1581 LCINS cases and 14,318 never-smoking controls. Conditions significantly associated with LCINS 1-10 years before the index date were validated in an independent dataset, CPRD-Aurum (2188 LCINS cases, 19,597 never-smoking controls).

Clinicopathologic Features, Management, and Outcomes Of Pediatric CRTC1::TRIM11 and MED15::ATF1 Tumors With Spitzoid Morphology: A Case Series.

Limited information is available on the clinicopathologic features and management of pediatric CRTC1::TRIM11 (CTRTs) and MED15::ATF1-rearranged tumors (MARTs). In this series of pediatric CTRTs (n = 5) and MARTs (n = 2), all tumors exhibited spitzoid morphology and expressed melanocytic markers. Metastatic progression occurred in one CTRT and two MARTs: all three received immunotherapy, resulting in disease control in two patients and one death due to progressive disease.

A population-based case-control study of COVID-19: methodological considerations on the role of testing bias.

Introduction: Targeting people at risk of COVID-19 infection has been critical to containing the pandemic. Using only differences in cumulative incidence by sociodemographic groups can be misleading, as it reflects both factors related to infection risk and those related to testing for infection. The aim of this analysis was to disentangle the determinants of both mechanisms.

Unraveling the role of stromal disruption in aggressive breast cancer etiology and outcomes.

Background: Aggressive (typically high-grade) breast cancers (BCs) remain major contributors to BC-related mortality globally. The tissue changes underpinning their etiology and outcomes, however, remain poorly characterized.

Methods: Spatially resolved machine-learning algorithms were used to characterize "stromal disruption" as a morphological metric of reduced/altered extracellular matrix and increased immune, inflammatory, and/or wound response-related processes in normal, benign breast disease (BBD), and invasive hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained breast tissues.

Sex differences in cancer mortality among solid organ transplant recipients.

Males have increased mortality after a cancer diagnosis than females, possibly due to poorer immunosurveillance. We tested whether the female survival advantage is lost with immunosuppression by evaluating 17,048 cancer patients (68% male) with a prior solid organ transplant using data from the US Transplant Cancer Match Study and 1,221,914 cancer patients (58% male) from the general population using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. We evaluated 13 solid cancers that occur in both sexes.

Spatially Resolved Single-Cell Morphometry of Benign Breast Disease Biopsy Images Uncovers Quantitative Cytomorphometric Features Predictive of Subsequent Invasive Breast Cancer Risk.

Currently, benign breast disease (BBD) pathologic classification and invasive breast cancer (BC) risk assessment are based on qualitative epithelial changes, with limited utility for BC risk stratification for women with lower-risk category BBD (ie, nonproliferative disease [NPD] and proliferative disease without atypia [PDWA]). Here, machine learning-based single-cell morphometry was used to characterize quantitative changes in epithelial nuclear morphology that reflect functional/structural decline (ie, increasing nuclear size, assessed as epithelial nuclear area and nuclear perimeter), altered DNA chromatin content (ie, increasing nuclear chromasia), and increased cellular crowding/proliferation (ie, increasing nuclear contour irregularity). Cytomorphologic changes reflecting chronic stromal inflammation were assessed using stromal cellular density.

Deep learning analysis of hematoxylin and eosin-stained benign breast biopsies to predict future invasive breast cancer.

Background: Benign breast disease is an important risk factor for breast cancer development. In this study, we analyzed hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole-slide images from diagnostic benign breast disease biopsies using different deep learning approaches to predict which individuals would subsequently developed breast cancer (cases) or would not (controls).

Methods: We randomly divided cases and controls from a nested case-control study of 946 women with benign breast disease into training (331 cases, 331 control individuals) and test (142 cases, 142 control individuals) groups.

Cancer Incidence and Survival after Emergency Department Care in the U.S. Midwest: An Opportunity for Cancer Interception.

Unlabelled: Historically, cancers diagnosed via the emergency department (ED) portend a poor prognosis. Recent data from the United States are sparse, and analyses of cancers detected in the years following ED visits are lacking. Thus, we analyzed data from nine rural U.

Racial disparities in cancer risk among MSM with HIV in the United States.

Background: Greater immunosuppression is associated with an elevated risk of virus-associated cancers among people with HIV. We investigated racial and ethnic disparities in cancer risk among MSM with HIV (MSMWH).

Methods: Among MSMWH from 2001 to 2019 in the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study, we examined Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), liver cancer, anal cancer, and Hodgkin lymphoma.

Time course and determinants of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in Costa Rica: the RESPIRA study.

Background: Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 are essential for protection or reduction in severity of subsequent disease. We studied antibody responses to spike protein receptor-binding domain (S1-RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) in a population-based sample of COVID-19 cases in Costa Rica.

Methods: As part of the RESPIRA study, we selected an age-stratified random sample of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases diagnosed from March 2020 to July 2021.

Building absolute breast cancer risk prediction models for women treated with chest radiation for Hodgkin lymphoma.

We built models to predict absolute breast cancer (BC) risk in women treated with radiotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We first estimated relative risks (RRs) for risk factors, including radiation dose to 10 breast segments to accommodate heterogeneity of treatment effects, using a case-control sample nested in an HL survivor cohort. To estimate RRs of case-control matching factors we developed novel weighting approaches.

HLA-DQB1*03:01 and risk of HBV-related HCC.

Background And Aims: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus is implicated in HCC among chronic HBV carriers. We investigated associations of HLA variants, amino acid polymorphisms, zygosity, and evolutionary divergence with HBV-related HCC in Han Chinese and explored biological mechanisms.

Approach And Results: We examined the associations of HLA variants (imputed 4-digit classical alleles and amino acid polymorphisms), zygosity, and evolutionary divergence with HBV-related HCC in a discovery set (706 HBV-related HCC cases, 6197 chronic HBV carriers in Taiwan).

Circulating Inflammation Biomarkers and the Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Nested Case-Control Study in the Department of Defense Serum Repository.

Background: We previously identified associations of esophageal adenocarcinoma risk with four inflammation-related candidate biomarkers: TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), IL17A, VEGFR3, and resistin.

Methods: We aimed to replicate these candidates and discover novel associations with additional proteins. We conducted a nested case-control study of men with prediagnostic biospecimens stored at the US Department of Defense Serum Repository, including 203 incident esophageal adenocarcinoma cases.

Real-world evidence regarding cancer, mortality, and graft failure risk with de novo belatacept use among kidney transplant recipients in the United States.

Belatacept is a selective T cell costimulation blocker used in maintenance immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), but evidence on cancer risk and other outcomes is limited. This retrospective cohort study used linked US transplant and cancer registry data on KTRs treated with belatacept (N = 1514) or tacrolimus (N = 7570) as initial maintenance therapy. We used multivariable Cox regression models to compare the incidence of invasive cancer, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), death, and graft failure/retransplantation (GF/RT) between belatacept and tacrolimus users.

Sex differences in anti-EBV antibody responses.

We investigated anti-EBV IgA and IgG responses by sex among 387 cancer-free individuals in Asia. Antibody responses were measured using an EBV proteome array to assess age-adjusted sex-specific associations with 404 EBV-antigens in 86 protein sequences via meta-analysis and pathway analysis by EBV stage. Males were more likely to have elevated IgA responses (P=0.

Cancer risk of Janus kinase inhibitors and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs among older Americans with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To examine cancer risk associated with Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) and biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) in patients with RA.

Methods: Case-control study of patients with RA age 65 years or older in the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database during 2014-2019. Cases were individuals with a first cancer diagnosed in SEER registries (N = 12 463).

Radiation Doses to the Breast and Predicted Breast Cancer Risk Among Patients Treated for Hodgkin Lymphoma With Modern Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: To contrast breast radiation exposure from chest radiation therapy (RT) between 2006 and 2021 with those given between 1965 and 1997, and to compare breast cancer (BC) risk 25 years after treatment predicted using 2 models.

Methods And Materials: Radiation dose distributions to the breast from 101 chest RTs given from 2006 until 2021 for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or other lymphoma in 1 German and 2 Dutch hospitals were compared with doses received by 505 Dutch patients with HL treated from 1965 until 1997 and sampled into a nested case-control study, weighted to represent a cohort of patients with HL. Dose-volume histograms, mean dose, and doses to 10 breast segments were evaluated.

Mortality Trends and Causes of Death in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Patients From the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Introduction/aim: Patients with myotonic dystrophy type1 (DM1) have reduced lifespan. This study aimed to quantify mortality risks, and evaluate causes and time trends in DM1.

Methods: We identified 1021 DM1 patients and 15,104 matched DM1-free controls from the United Kingdom (UK) Clinical Practice Research Datalink.