SARS-CoV-2 antibody and neutralization dynamics among persons with natural- and vaccine-induced exposures.

Previous SARS-CoV-2 research indicates that antibody levels and corresponding neutralization potential increase with additional exposures (comprising vaccination or infection), and that hybrid immunity resulting from combined vaccination and natural infection is more robust than either alone. However, it is unclear whether or how antibody levels increase or eventually plateau with repeated exposures and how SARS-CoV-2 exposure differs by sex or other demographic factors. Research regarding the association of antibody production with neutralization potential is also limited.

Factors predicting incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in an era of climate change and altered ecosystems in the United States.

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental bacteria that cause chronic pulmonary disease. Incidence patterns have risen globally over the last several decades. Prior studies suggest that climate change may have a role in increasing incidence patterns.

A population-based case-control study of COVID-19: methodological considerations on the role of testing bias.

Introduction: Targeting people at risk of COVID-19 infection has been critical to containing the pandemic. Using only differences in cumulative incidence by sociodemographic groups can be misleading, as it reflects both factors related to infection risk and those related to testing for infection. The aim of this analysis was to disentangle the determinants of both mechanisms.

Time course and determinants of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in Costa Rica: the RESPIRA study.

Background: Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 are essential for protection or reduction in severity of subsequent disease. We studied antibody responses to spike protein receptor-binding domain (S1-RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) in a population-based sample of COVID-19 cases in Costa Rica.

Methods: As part of the RESPIRA study, we selected an age-stratified random sample of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases diagnosed from March 2020 to July 2021.

Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections among women with cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous, opportunistic pathogens that can cause lung disease in people with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) and cystic fibrosis (CF). The incidence of NTM pulmonary infections and lung disease has continued to increase worldwide over the last decade among both groups. Notably, women with NCFB NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) bear a disproportionate burden with NTM rates increasing in this population as well as having consistently higher incidence of NTM-PD compared to men.