Modulating metabolism to improve the therapeutic outcomes of CAR cell therapies: From bench to bedside.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapies have emerged as a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment, offering new hope for patients with refractory tumors. Despite their success, the therapeutic efficacy of CAR cell therapies is often undermined by metabolic factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which impede CAR cell function and lead to treatment resistance. Current literature has not fully explored how these metabolic processes contribute to CAR cell therapy failure, particularly in the context of solid tumors, where the TME presents unique challenges.

Advances in nanomaterials for enhancing cGAS-STING pathway mediated anti-tumor treatment.

The cGAS-STING pathway is a crucial component of innate immunity, playing a dual role in tumor biology by promoting pro-inflammatory responses and anti-tumor immunity. Nanomaterials have emerged as transformative tools to enhance the activation and therapeutic efficacy of this pathway in cancer immunotherapy. This review targets recent advancements in nanomaterials of enhancing cGAS-STING-mediated anti-tumor immune responses.

Biomimetic nanovaccines in cancer therapy: mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical translation.

Biomimetic nanovaccines have emerged as a promising strategy in cancer therapy, utilizing nanoscale materials that mimic biological systems to elicit robust immune responses. This review delves into the mechanisms by which biomimetic nanovaccines activate the immune system, focusing on their ability to present tumor antigens and stimulate dendritic cells. Various types of biomimetic nanovaccines, including those based on virus-like particles, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, and peptide-based nanovaccines, are examined.

Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies PLAG1 as a key regulator of tumor immune microenvironment and prognostic biomarker.

Background: The literature on the role of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) in malignant tumors is limited. This study aimed to perform pan-cancer analysis of PLAG1.

Methods: The expression of PLAG1 was analyzed by Human Protein Atlas (HPA).

Decoding the crossroads of aging and cancer through single-cell analysis: Implications for precision oncology.

Single-cell analysis is a transformative approach to understanding cellular heterogeneity in aging and cancer, interconnected processes driven by mechanisms like senescence and immune modulation. This review explores how aging influences cancer initiation, progression, and treatment resistance within the tumor microenvironment (TME). By examining recent studies using single-cell technologies, we reveal the nuanced roles of aging in tumorigenesis, immune interactions, and therapeutic outcomes.

Incidence of major urological cancers in patients on dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Studies have demonstrated an elevated risk of urological malignancies in individuals undergoing dialysis, which consequently leads to unfavorable prognoses and diminished quality of life for patients with end-stage kidney disease. Nevertheless, the absence of standardized recommendations for cancer screening and limited utilization of conventional screening methods within the dialysis population remain prevalent issues.

Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted on cohort studies published prior to June 2024, aiming to quantify the cancer risk among individuals undergoing dialysis.

Interactions between radiotherapy resistance mechanisms and the tumor microenvironment.

Background: Resistance to radiotherapy (RT) presents a significant clinical challenge in management of cancer. Recent evidence points to specific mechanisms of resistance within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which we aim to discuss, with the aim of overcoming the clinical challenge.

Methods: We performed the narrative review using PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify studies that reported the regulative network and treatments of RT resistance from TME perspectives.

Cutting-Edge Advancements in the Antibiotics-Gut Microbiota-Urinary Tumour Axis.

Gut microbiota regulates urological tumors. Antibiotics induce dysbiosis, altering tumor progression/therapy: reducing carcinogen metabolism but impairing immunity. Specific bacteria enhance immune responses and combat endocrine resistance.

The Common Hallmarks and Interconnected Pathways of Aging, Circadian Rhythms, and Cancer: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies.

The intricate relationship between cancer, circadian rhythms, and aging is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in understanding the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Aging is a well-established primary risk factor for cancer, while disruptions in circadian rhythms are intricately associated with the tumorigenesis and progression of various tumors. Moreover, aging itself disrupts circadian rhythms, leading to physiological changes that may accelerate cancer development.

Expanding horizons in theragnostics: from oncology to multidisciplinary applications.

Theragnostics is the integration of treatment and diagnosis, involving a drug or technology that combines diagnostic imaging with targeted therapy. This approach utilizes imaging to identify specific biological targets, which are then used to deliver therapeutic effects for the benefit of patients. The effectiveness and potential of theragnostics in improving patient outcomes are supported by significant clinical trials and technological innovations.

Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor-Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease.

The bladder and prostate originate from the urogenital sinus. However, bladder cancer (BC) is usually classified as an immune "hot" tumor, whereas prostate cancer (PCa) is deemed as an immune "cold" tumor according to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcomes. To investigate the immune differences between BC and PCa, studies are compared focusing on immune regulation mediated by sex hormones and receptors to identify key genes and pathways responsible for the immune differences.

Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of immune-related diseases.

The circadian clock is an internal timekeeper system that regulates biological processes through a central circadian clock and peripheral clocks controlling various genes. Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like 1 (), also known as aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (), is a key component of the circadian clock. The deletion of alone can abolish the circadian rhythms of the human body.

Advancements and challenges of R-loops in cancers: Biological insights and future directions.

R-loops involve in various biological processes under human normal physiological conditions. Disruption of R-loops can lead to disease onset and affect the progression of illnesses, particularly in cancers. Herein, we summarized and discussed the regulative networks, phenotypes and future directions of R-loops in cancers.

Role of repeat transurethral resection in no-muscle-invasive bladder tumour: an umbrella review.

Background: Repeat transurethral resection of bladder tumour (reTURB) is a conventional treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to enhance prognosis. However, the necessity of reTURB in NMIBC remains controversial owing to upstaging of treatments and new evidence.

Objectives: We performed an umbrella review to determine the need for reTURB in patients with NMIBC.

Identification of circadian clock-related immunological prognostic index and molecular subtypes in prostate cancer.

Background: Evidence suggests that the circadian clock (CIC) is among the important factors for tumorigenesis. We aimed to provide new insights into CIC-mediated molecular subtypes and gene prognostic indexes for prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) or radical radiotherapy (RT).

Methods: PCa data from TCGA was analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with significant fold changes and p-values.

Telemedicine-medical "snack community"-PHS ecosystem: Insights into the double-edged sword role of telemedicine in clinical practice and medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

Telemedicine has gained tremendous development during the COVID-19 pandemic. With deblocking and opening, telemedicine accelerates the evolvution of the medical "snack community" and undermines the perception of medical students and staff, which promotes the incidence of psychosocial-related disorders. Moreover, the inconsistent telemedicine adaptability between medical workers and patients aggravates the doctor-patient conflict due to the aging population and COVID-19 squeal.

The complex interplay of tumor-infiltrating cells in driving therapeutic resistance pathways.

Drug resistance remains a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Recently, the interactions among various cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) have deepened our understanding of the mechanisms behind treatment resistance. Therefore, this review aims to synthesize current research focusing on infiltrating cells and drug resistance suggesting that targeting the TME could be a viable strategy to combat this issue.

Relationship between clonal evolution and drug resistance in bladder cancer: A genomic research review.

Bladder cancer stands as a prevalent global malignancy, exhibiting notable sex-based variations in both incidence and prognosis. Despite substantial strides in therapeutic approaches, the formidable challenge of drug resistance persists. The genomic landscape of bladder cancer, characterized by intricate clonal heterogeneity, emerges as a pivotal determinant in fostering this resistance.

Unraveling links between aging, circadian rhythm and cancer: Insights from evidence-based analysis.

Aging and circadian rhythms have been connected for decades, but their molecular interaction has remained unknown, especially for cancers. In this situation, we summarized the current research actuality and problems in this field using the bibliometric analysis. Publications in the PubMed and Web of Science databases were retrieved.

Interactions between oxidative stress and senescence in cancer: Mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives.

Background: Recently, numerous studies have reported the interaction between senescence and oxidative stress in cancer. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the precise mechanisms involved.

Aim: Therefore, our review aims to summarize the current findings and elucidate by presenting specific mechanisms that encompass functional pathways, target genes, and related aspects.

Efficiency of transurethral en-bloc resection vs. conventional transurethral resection for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: An umbrella review.

Background: En-Bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor (ERBT) was clinically used to resect non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, discrepancies persist regarding the comparisons between ERBT and conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumor (cTURBT).

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and performed manual searches of reference lists to collect and extract data.