Gut microbiota metabolic axis dysfunction in estrogen deficient stressed rats.

Gut dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiota (GM), has emerged as a key factor contributing to metabolic dysfunction following estrogen deficiency in menopause. Disruptions in gut microbial composition, triggered by hormonal imbalances and chronic stress, can exacerbate metabolic disturbances, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes etc. Thus strategies, which modulates gut dysbiosis may proves important for the treatment of metabolic dysfunctions in postmenopausal state.

Correlation of Gastroduodenoscopic Findings With Histopathological Diagnosis of Gastroduodenal Biopsy.

Background Endoscopic biopsies, which are performed for the diagnosis of gastric and duodenal lesions, are not pathognomonic and require histopathological confirmation. The aim of the present study was to determine the morphological spectrum of gastroduodenal lesions on histology and to find out the association between endoscopic and histopathological diagnosis. Methods This was a prospective observational study carried out at the department of pathology of a tertiary-care teaching hospital in northern India.

Elucidating the potential mechanism and therapeutic targets of chronic stress-induced muscle atrophy.

Skeletal muscle atrophy, while a long-standing health issue, is becoming more pressing concern in light of changing socioeconomic trends and current healthcare challenges. This shift reflects growing awareness of its widespread prevalence and significant impact on individual health. Demographic shifts like aging populations with rising sarcopenia rates, chronic diseases and sedentary lifestyles are major contributors.

Red Clover Supplementation Alleviates Neurological Deficits in Estrogen Deficient Rats Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress.

Estrogen deficiency after menopause contributes to various neurological disorders, including stress, anxiety, depression, and memory impairment. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is commonly used to mitigate menopausal symptoms, but its use is associated with significant adverse effects. As a result, phytoestrogens, plant-derived estrogens structurally similar to HRTs, are preferred alternatives due to their lack of side effects associated with synthetic HRTs.

VEXAS syndrome: A newly identified X-Linked hematoinflammatory disorder - A comprehensive overview of its genetic, molecular, inflammatory, and clinical landscape.

VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 Enzyme, X-linked, Auto-inflammatory, Somatic) syndrome is a recently identified auto-inflammatory disorder predominantly affecting males over the age of 50. It arises due to somatic mutations in the UBA1 gene, an X-linked gene essential for initiating the ubiquitin-proteasome system, leading to dysregulated protein degradation and immune dysfunction. Clinically, VEXAS presents with a diverse array of inflammatory manifestations, including persistent fever, neutrophilic dermatosis, auricular and nasal chondritis, pulmonary infiltrates, ocular inflammation, and venous thrombosis, along with significant haematological abnormalities such as macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, myeloid and erythroid precursor vacuolization, and bone marrow dysplasia.

Probiotics as a Treatment of Chronic Stress Associated Abnormalities.

Chronic stress is a widespread problem that significantly affects both physical and mental health, leading to numerous complications such as mood disorders, cognitive impairments, gastrointestinal issues, and chronic diseases. The dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and the gut-brain axis underlies several stress related disorders, leading to systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, dysbiosis, and impaired gut barrier integrity. This review emphasizes the growing significance of probiotics as a potential treatment strategy for addressing chronic stress.

Vitamin D alleviates chronic stress-induced testicular steroidogenesis disruption in Wistar rats.

Stress is associated with various health issues. Research has highlighted the relationship between chronic stress and male reproductive health. One of the primary mechanisms underlying stress-induced male reproductive dysfunction is impaired steroidogenesis.

Potentials of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, β/δ, and γ: An in-depth and comprehensive review of their molecular mechanisms, cellular Signalling, immune responses and therapeutic implications in multiple diseases.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), ligand-activated transcription factors, have emerged as a key regulator of various biological processes, underscoring their relevance in the pathophysiology and treatment of numerous diseases. PPARs are primarily recognized for their critical role in lipid and glucose metabolism, which underpins their therapeutic applications in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Beyond metabolic disorders, they have gained attention for their involvement in immune modulation, making them potential targets for autoimmune-related inflammatory diseases.

Stimulation of auricular vagus nerve ameliorates chronic stress induced metabolic syndrome via activation of Sirtuin-6.

Chronic stress is one of the potential causes of the progression of metabolic syndrome (MS). Chronic stress decreases the release of Sirtuin-6 (SIRT6), which regulates MS by controlling glucose, insulin, lipids, and hypertension. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) activates SIRT6 via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP).

Variation of Ambient Illumination Across Different Locations: An Impact on Antimyopia Strategy.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the level of ambient illumination in winter at different locations, time of a day, sun protection, and source position remains optimum (≥1000 lux) for controlling myopia progression.

Methods: Illuminance level was recorded for 6 outdoor and 5 indoor locations using factory calibrated digital lux meter and under different measurement conditions. Outdoor locations included "open playground," "between two buildings," "between three buildings," "under a porch facing east," "under a big tree," and "under a porch facing west.

Erdheim-Chester disease: Comprehensive insights from genetic mutations to clinical manifestations and therapeutic advances.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is an extremely rare non-Langerhans cell disorder that is believed to include both inflammatory and neoplastic characteristics. It is caused due to genetic mutations in proto-oncogenes like BRAF and MEK, while immunological pathways have an essential role in the onset and progression of the disease. Despite its rarity, ECD poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its heterogeneous clinical presentation and limited understanding of its underlying pathophysiology.

Nitric oxide: Potential therapeutic target in Heat Stress-induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction.

As climate change intensifies, urgent action is needed to address global warming and its associated health risks, particularly in vulnerable regions. Rising global temperature and increasing frequency of heatwaves present a hidden health risk, disrupting the body's temperature regulation and leading to severe consequences such as heat stress-induced multiple organ dysfunction (HS-MOD). Multiple organ injury triggered by heat stress involves complex molecular pathways such as nitric oxide dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium homeostasis disruption, and autophagy impairment that contribute to cellular damage.

Personalized treatment approach for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is a leading global concern for women, with 30% being HER2-positive cases linked to poorer outcomes. Targeted therapies like trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and T-DM1 have revolutionized HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treatment. Although these therapies have improved MBC management and patient outcomes, resistance can develop, reducing effectiveness.

Evidence-based neuroprotective potential of nonfeminizing estrogens: In vitro and in vivo studies.

Menopause weakens the brain's structural integrity and increases its susceptibility to a range of degenerative and mental illnesses. 17β estradiol (17βE2) exhibits potent neuroprotective properties. Exogenous estrogen supplementation provides neuroprotection, but the findings presented by the Million Women Study (MWS) and the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), as well as the increased risk of endometrial cancer, breast cancer and venous thromboembolism associated with estrogen use, have cast doubt on its clinical use for neurological disorders.

Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Derived Compounds and Plant Extracts in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Comprehensive Review.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent autoimmune disorder that is characterized by joint inflammation, discomfort, and impairment. Despite the existence of several therapeutic approaches, their effectiveness is often restricted and may be linked to unfavorable side effects. Consequently, there has been growing interest in investigating naturally derived compounds as plausible therapeutic agents for RA disease.

Current Insights into Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Clinical Strategies for Prevention and Treatment.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition that is caused by medial nerve compression, resulting in symptoms such as numbness, tightness, or weakness in the hand.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the genetic modulation, mechanism, available treatment, and recommendation for carpal tunnel syndrome at its specific stage.

Methods: Almost 200 papers were searched for this review article, and 145 articles were selected.

The pandemic's unseen wounds: COVID-19's profound effects on mental health.

Objective: This review aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, with a focus on the physiological and psychological consequences, including comorbidities. The goal is to understand the direct and indirect populations affected by mental distress and identify potential interventions.

Methodology: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, PubMed, PLoS One, and Web of Science.

Investigation of Pancreatic-beta Cells Role in the Biological Process of Ageing.

Background: Cellular senescence is associated with the formation and progression of a range of illnesses, including ageing and metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Ageing and reduced glucose tolerance are interconnected. Often, Diabetes is becoming more common, which is concerning since it raises the risk of a variety of age-dependent disorders such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease.

Therapeutic Viewpoint on Rat Models of Locomotion Abnormalities and Neurobiological Indicators in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Locomotion problems in Parkinson's syndrome are still a research and treatment difficulty. With the recent introduction of brain stimulation or neuromodulation equipment that is sufficient to monitor activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp, new locomotion investigations in patients having the capacity to move freely have sprung up.

Objective: This study aimed to find rat models and locomotion-connected neuronal indicators and use them all over a closed-loop system to enhance the future and present treatment options available for Parkinson's disease.