Inhibition of BRD4 prevents peribronchial fibrosis in mice with cutaneous lewisite exposure.

Introduction: Arsenicals like lewisite are highly toxic vesicant chemical warfare agents that cause severe skin damage and systemic inflammation. Exposure activates cytokine release, leading to pulmonary injury, including edema, hemorrhage, and in severe cases, Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS), marked by airway fibrosis and narrowing. The only approved treatment, British anti-lewisite (BAL), has limitations due to toxicity and field administration challenges.

Estimation of Tear Film Concentration of Oral Ciprofloxacin in Patients With Bacterial Keratitis.

Aims: To estimate the tear film concentration of oral ciprofloxacin in patients with bacterial keratitis and evaluate its correlation with various clinical factors.

Method: This prospective intraindividual study enrolled 52 patients (104 eyes), each with unilateral, microbiologically confirmed bacterial keratitis (n=52 eyes); the fellow eye (n=52 eyes) served as the healthy control. The etiology of keratitis was confirmed by corneal scraping followed by detection of bacteria on Gram stain and bacterial culture.

Cadmium exposure triggers vimentin phosphorylation via SIRT6-regulated AKT/PI3K signaling pathway in COPD.

Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health concern affecting over 300 million individuals worldwide, with airway fibrosis and subsequent small airway narrowing identified as the primary mechanism driving disease progression. This pathological process is characterized by accelerating lung aging, manifesting as reduced cellular growth and increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in fibroblasts, which we have demonstrated in our previous study utilizing a cadmium-induced COPD mouse model. Cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, penetrates deep into the lung airways inducing oxidative stress, promoting extracellular matrix deposition, and triggering inflammatory reactions.

Comparative Evaluation of 26-Gauge Needle Versus Kimura Spatula for Corneal Scraping in Infective Keratitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Microbial keratitis accounts for significant proportion of corneal blindness. To know the underlying etiological micro-organism, performing corneal scraping is important for initiating the correct antibiotic therapy. A study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of 26-gauge needle and Kimura spatula for the same.

Scleral-fixated IOLs - A comprehensive review of current practices and emerging trends.

Scleral-fixated intraocular lenses (SFIOLs) have emerged as a vital option for visual rehabilitation of aphakia in cases where capsular support is inadequate or absent. Although alternative methods such as anterior chamber IOLs (ACIOLs) and iris-claw lenses may also be employed in such scenarios, SFIOLs are particularly suitable for eyes with low endothelial cell counts, shallow anterior chambers, iris abnormalities, or aniridia. First introduced by Malbran et al.

Outcomes of Intralenticular lens aspiration with glued Scleral fixated intraocular lens for Ectopia lentis in Marfan's Syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate visual and anatomical outcomes of intralenticular lens aspiration (ILLA) with fibrin-glue assisted intrascleral haptic fixation of intraocular lens (glued-SFIOL) in Marfan syndrome patients with Ectopia lentis.

Setting: Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

Design: Ambispective observational case series.

Intrastromal Keratoplasty Using Biosynthetic Corneas Versus Human Donor Corneas in Advanced Keratoconus.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of intrastromal keratoplasty using biosynthetic corneas with human donor corneas in cases of advanced keratoconus.

Methods: A prospective nonblinded randomized controlled study was conducted at a tertiary eye center in India. Treatment-naïve patients with advanced keratoconus aged 18 years or older were included.

Role of oral bio-enhanced curcumin in dry eye disease.

Purpose: To assess the role of oral bio-enhanced curcumin in dry eye disease (DED).

Design: Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical study conducted at a tertiary eye center.

Methods: Forty patients of bilateral mild to moderate DED were randomized in two groups - group A (topical carboxy methyl cellulose QID + oral placebo) and group B (topical carboxy methyl cellulose QID + oral bio-enhanced curcumin).

To study the anatomic and intraoperative factors responsible for gas bubble migration in the anterior chamber during femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) flap creation.

Purpose: This study investigates the factors responsible for gas bubble migration into the anterior chamber during femtosecond-assisted laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) flap creation.

Methods: A retrospective data analysis was conducted on 20 eyes of 12 patients undergoing bilateral laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery, where intraoperative gas bubble migration was observed. Data from age-matched controls without gas bubble migration were also analyzed.

Contact lenses for visual rehabilitation in post-keratoplasty eyes: A review.

To assess the role of various types of contact lenses (CL) after penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty, we reviewed all studies that were related to CL fitting in post-keratoplasty (full-thickness and lamellar) eyes between 1990 and 2024 by using relevant search keywords. The demographic data, indications for CL fitting, duration between keratoplasty and CL fitting, CL design and fitting methodologies, refractive outcomes, topographic and biomechanical changes, aberrometry, specular microscopy, corneal thickness, graft survival, and complications were analyzed. A total of 32 original studies and seven case reports were evaluated.

Femtosecond laser-assisted corneal intrastromal negative meniscus lenticule implantation with accelerated collagen crosslinking (FILAC) in advanced keratoconus in Indian eyes: A prospective interventional study.

Purpose: To study the outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted intrastromal negative meniscus lenticule implantation with accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking (FILAC) in advanced keratoconus.

Methods: A prospective, interventional study evaluated the outcomes of FILAC in eyes with progressive keratoconus of Amsler-Krumeich stage 4 with thinnest pachymetry of 320-400 microns. A total of 10 eyes of 10 patients were enrolled.

Optical performance of enhanced monofocal intraocular lens in presence of low degree of corneal astigmatism.

Purpose: To evaluate the optical performance of an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) in the presence of cataract and a low degree of corneal astigmatism.

Methods: A prospective, comparative, nonrandomized study was conducted to compare the results of an enhanced monofocal IOL with a standard monofocal IOL in cases of cataract with corneal astigmatism ≥0.75 D and <1.

Mi-OCT assisted endothelial keratoplasty in buphthalmic eyes- 2 year outcomes.

Objective: To describe long-term outcomes of posterior lamellar [Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and non-Descemet stripping (n-DSAEK)] and the role of microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (Mi-OCT) in buphthalmic eyes.

Design: Retrospective study.

Methods: The medical records of all patients who were diagnosed with buphthalmos and underwent Mi-OCT-guided standard DSAEK/n-DSAEK since 2015 were evaluated.

Harnessing the Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Yoga Therapy.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into yoga therapy represents a transformative paradigm shift in holistic health management. This article explores the evolving landscape of AI in yoga therapy, encompassing recent advancements, potential applications, ethical considerations, and implications for well-being. Recent advancements in AI have enabled real-time monitoring and personalized interventions during yoga practice, offering unprecedented customization and efficacy.

Quantifying natural higher order aberration(s) in emmetropic human eyes and objectively evaluating retinal image quality.

Aim: This study aimed to quantify the internal, corneal and total higher order aberrations (HOAs) in the healthy human eye using ray tracing technology in bright and dim light conditions. The study also aimed to evaluate the retinal image quality and contrast modulation at different spatial frequencies, objectively using image-quality metrics derived from wavefront aberrations.

Methodology: A cross-sectional prospective observational study was conducted on 521 emmetropic young adults.

Trans-iris vertical intrascleral haptic fixation of IOL: The bypass technique in eyes with megalocornea.

Intrascleral haptic fixation of intraocular lens (IOL) is an extremely useful technique to provide visual rehabilitation in eyes with inadequate capsular support. It requires exteriorization of haptics along with tucking of haptics in the scleral groove preferably and conventionally in the horizontal meridian. In eyes with large corneal diameter, there is difficulty in tucking enough length of the haptics into the intrascleral groove, carrying the risk of slippage of haptics and decentration of IOL.

Crescentic Autograft-Graft Salvage Technique for Undersized Donor Lenticules in Superficial Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty.

Purpose: To describe the use of crescentic autograft as a graft salvage technique for inadvertently undersized donor lenticules in superficial anterior lamellar keratoplasty (SALK).

Methods: A prospective interventional study included 5 eyes of 4 patients who underwent SALK and had an inadvertently undersized donor lenticule. The described technique involves the preparation of a crescent-shaped graft from the host lenticule itself that is matched to fit into the remaining bare recipient stromal bed.

The visual outcomes and corneal biomechanical properties after PRK and SMILE in low to moderate myopia.

Purpose: To compare the corneal biomechanical parameters, visual outcome, and epithelial remodeling after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for low to moderate myopia.

Design: Prospective, interventional, randomized, comparative study.

Methods: Eighty eyes of 40 patients undergoing bilateral SMILE or PRK for low to moderate myopia (<-5 D SE) were included.

Comparative Evaluation of Topical Monotherapy (Natamycin or Natasol) and Combination Therapy (Natamycin and Voriconazole) in Mild-Moderate Fungal Keratitis.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of monotherapy (natamycin 5% or Natasol 1%) versus combination therapy (natamycin 5% and voriconazole 1%) in the treatment of mild-moderate fungal keratitis.

Methods: In a prospective, comparative, interventional study, 60 eyes of 60 patients with mild-moderate fungal keratitis were included and randomized in 3 groups based on the topical antifungal therapy received: group 1, natamycin 5%; group 2, Natasol 1% (1% w/v aqueous natamycin); and group 3, combination of natamycin 5% and voriconazole 1%.

Results: 51 of 60 cases (85%) resolved with medical management only.

Vogt striae: Demystified.

Background: To study the correlation of different variables of Vogt striae to other attributes of keratoconus and to suggest a new grading system for Vogt striae to exactly represent the configuration and extent in each individual keratoconic cornea.

Methods: The study was an observational and data review study. A total of 386 eyes of 207 keratoconus patients were screened from February 2016 to August 2018.

Visual outcomes with implantable Collamer lens versus small incision lenticule extraction in moderate-high myopia: A pilot study.

Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes of implantable Collamer lens (ICL) with small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in cases of moderate-high myopia.

Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted on 60 eyes of 30 patients with moderate-high myopia (-3D to -8D with astigmatism ≤1 D) at a tertiary eye care center. Patients underwent either SMILE or ICL in both eyes and had a postoperative follow-up of 1 year.