Pembrolizumab-Induced Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Detected on 68Ga-FAPi PET/CT.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have improved progression and overall survival in patients progressing on sorafenib therapy. But activation of the immune system can lead to numerous immune-related adverse events.

Efficacy and safety of [F]NaF PET/CT guided intraarticular block for lumbar facet joint and sacroiliac joint arthropathy: a single-arm phase 2 trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of robotic-arm-assisted [F]NaF-PET/CT-guided intra-articular block for lumbar facet joint (LFJ) or sacroiliac joint (SIJ) arthropathy.

Materials And Methods: In this single-centre, non-randomized, prospective phase 2 clinical-trial, participants with chronic low back pain (CLBP) were recruited from August 2022 to June 2024. Participants having NaF-avid LFJ or SIJ on [F]NaF-PET/CT underwent robotic-arm-assisted intra-articular block with steroids and local anaesthesia.

Machine Learning-Powered Smart Healthcare Systems in the Era of Big Data: Applications, Diagnostic Insights, Challenges, and Ethical Implications.

Healthcare data rapidly increases, and patients seek customized, effective healthcare services. Big data and machine learning (ML) enabled smart healthcare systems hold revolutionary potential. Unlike previous reviews that separately address AI or big data, this work synthesizes their convergence through real-world case studies, cross-domain ML applications, and a critical discussion on ethical integration in smart diagnostics.

Shifting Paradigms: Imidocarb dipropionate as an alternative chemotherapeutic strategy for Trypanosoma evansi infection in animals.

We report on the in vitro and in vivo success of Imidocarb dipropionate (IDP), an aromatic diamidine compound, as an effective drug against Surra-causing organism, Trypanosoma evansi. IDP is a clinically acclaimed drug for the treatment of babesiosis and anaplasmosis. We have also investigated cytotoxic effect of IDP on equine Peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Vero cell line.

Bacteriophage-based strategies for biocontrol and treatment of infectious diseases.

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, which are essential for controlling bacterial diversity. Among the novel aspects, phage display-based strategies are used for epitope mapping and the development of immunotherapy. A recent classification system has been developed based on the recent sequencing methods and bioinformatic tools.

Sarcoidosis on 18F-FDG PET/CT: Typical and Atypical Imaging Patterns.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous inflammatory disease that typically involves the lungs and lymph nodes, but can involve any organ in the body, including (but not limited to) the liver, spleen, myocardium, and nervous system, leading to diverse clinical presentations and imaging findings. We hereby present a pictorial review of typical and atypical 18F-FDG PET/CT findings in histopathologically confirmed sarcoidosis patients with varied clinical presentations.

Extended field chemoradiation in M1a bladder carcinoma: A case report.

Currently, the recommended management in stage IVA bladder cancer is platinum-based chemotherapy followed by maintenance immunotherapy in those with no evidence of disease progression. Consolidative surgery may be considered in selected cases after chemotherapy. However, consolidative radiotherapy and consolidative local treatment after second-line systemic therapy are rarely reported.

Biocatalysis in Transforming Biofuel Technologies.

Recently, the importance of biocatalysis in bioenergy has been noted, with policymakers and regulatory authorities intervening at the technological level to establish more efficient, varied, and vast-scale exploitations of biocatalysis. These approaches leverage natural catalysts, primarily enzymes, to facilitate the breakdown of larger organic compounds into simpler molecules, which can be further biochemically transformed into biofuels, such as ethanol, biodiesel, and biogas, using improved versions of metabolic enzymes. Advances in enzyme engineering have significantly enhanced the stability, specificity, and activity of key enzymes involved in biofuel synthesis, such as cellulases, oxidoreductases, xylanases, glucose isomerases, butanol dehydrogenase, acetoacetate decarboxylase, ferredoxin oxidoreductases, etc.

Pembrolizumab-Induced Acalculous Cholecystitis Mimicking Gallbladder Carcinoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the survival of patients with metastatic lung cancer. But, by activating the immune system, they can lead to immune-mediated adverse events.

Arginine-Conjugated Bioinspired Polydopamine Surface for the Enhanced Antibacterial and Antifouling Performance of Surgical Sutures.

Sutures play a crucial role in tissue repair and wound healing, however, the formation of bacterial biofilms on their surfaces can lead to surgical site infections. This bacterial accumulation compromises their effectiveness and reduces biocidal activity. Zwitterionic amino acid coatings offer promising antibacterial and antifouling surfaces that prevent bacterial adhesion and proliferation.

Comparison of prostate-specific membrane antigen intraprostatic radiological yield score, prostate-specific membrane antigen expression score, and lesion standardized uptake value and their combination with multiparametric MRI for evaluation of clinically significant prostate cancer: a single-center retrospective study.

Objective: To compare the prostate-specific membrane antigen intraprostatic radiological yield (PRIMARY)-score, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-expression score, and lesion standardized uptake value (SUV)max and their combination with multiparametric MRI (MpMRI) for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC).

Materials And Methods: Our retrospective study analyzed 381 patients with suspicion of prostate cancer who underwent 68 Ga-PSMA PET/computed tomography (CT) between January 2021 and December 2022. Among these, 170 patients also underwent MpMRI.

Prognostic Significance of Immunohistochemical Surrogate Molecular Sub-Typing of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) was considered a homogenous tumor both morphologically and genetically. Gene expression profiling of SCLC has revealed existence of four distinct subtypes within the SCLC which may impact the prognosis and therapeutic outcome. In the present study, surrogate molecular subtyping of SCLC was done using immunohistochemistry.

Bifunctional chelator-plerixafor complex for targeting CXCR4 receptors: radiolabeling, in-vitro, and preclinical study.

Objective: Overexpression of chemokine receptor subtype 4 (CXCR4) receptors is the root cause of the metastatic spread of various cancers. The use of CXCR4 antagonists as specific ligands to inhibit the CXCR4 interaction with its only natural ligand stromal cell derived factor-1α would benefit. Plerixafor is one such Food and Drug Administration approved CXCR4 antagonist used for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in patients.

Computational theranostics strategy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a formidable challenge in modern medicine, characterized by its insidious progression, early systemic metastasis, and alarmingly low survival rates. Given its clinical challenges, improving detection strategies for PDAC remains a critical area of research. This study has used advanced computational approaches to predict pancreatic adenocarcinoma-associated target genes using transcriptomics datasets.

Novel framework for response evaluation criteria in grade 1/2 neuroendocrine tumors (RECIN) following [Lu]Lu-DOTATATE therapy: post-hoc analysis of the phase 2 LuCAP trial.

Purpose: Treatment response assessment in grade 1/2 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has been a key challenge due to their indolent nature. Here, we propose the novel response evaluation criteria with [Ga]Ga-somatostatin analogue (SSA)-PET/CT in grade 1/2 NETs (RECIN) following [Lu]Lu-DOTATATE therapy and evaluate its survival impact vis-à-vis conventional radiographic response assessment.

Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of the phase 2 LuCAP trial, wherein somatostatin receptor-positive, advanced grade 1/2 gastroenteropancreatic NET patients were treated with [Lu]Lu-DOTATATE ± capecitabine.

Lu-PSMA-617 Consolidation Therapy After Docetaxel in Patients with Synchronous High-Volume Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Randomized, Phase 2 Trial.

Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen-617 (Lu-PSMA-617) has shown positive survival outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, there are limited data in the hormone-sensitive setting. Here, in the CONSOLIDATE trial (Lu-PSMA-617 Consolidation Therapy After Docetaxel in Patients with Synchronous High-Volume Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer), we intended to evaluate the role of Lu-PSMA-617 as consolidation therapy for residual disease after chemohormonal treatment in patients with synchronous high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).

Primary autoimmune hypothalamitis: management strategies and long-term outcomes in a tertiary care setting with a focused review of literature.

Background: Primary autoimmune hypothalamitis is an exceptionally rare inflammatory condition of the hypothalamus. Its etiology, clinical presentation, and management are not well established, with significant overlap and distinctions from hypophysitis.

Material And Methods: This study presents management and outcomes of patients with autoimmune hypothalamitis managed at a tertiary care centre.

Ga FAPI PET in a Renal Transplant Patient with Disseminated Nocardiosis-A Worthwhile Imaging Modality for Infection Imaging.

Nocardiosis, an opportunistic infection occurs in immunodeficient population commonly in organ transplant recipients. Patients with risk factors likely chronic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants consumption usually have a higher tendency for disseminated infections with formation of deep abscesses at various sites in the body. Functional imaging with PET, being a whole body imaging offers information about the various sites of disease, thereby assisting the treatment planning, treatment response and also to identify the sites of biopsy.

Exceptional Response to Rechallenge Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Metastatic Carotid Body Tumor.

Carotid body tumor (CBT) is the most common head and neck paraganglioma with the very rare occurrence of distant metastases. The widespread distant metastases in head and neck paraganglioma have limited treatment options, with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) being an effective treatment in somatostatin receptor-expressing lesions. Here is a case of a 45-year-old woman with metastatic CBT who showed excellent response initially to 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT, but presented later in wheel-chair bound condition with metastatic lesions and spinal cord compression at multiple levels, which again showed exceptional response to rechallenge PRRT.

A novel molecular imaging technique using [Ga]Ga-mDesmo PET-CT for localizing tumors in Cushing's disease.

Introduction: Localizing the source of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS) poses significant challenges. There is a pressing need for novel imaging modalities that provide both anatomical delineation and functional confirmation of corticotropinomas.

Methods: This study utilized a modified form of desmopressin (mDesmo), an agonist of the V1b receptor, which is overexpressed in tumoral corticotrophs.

Metastatic Mimicker in Thyroid Cancer with Thyroglobulin Elevation and an FDG-Avid Recurrent Aneurysmal Bone Cyst.

Many benign bone lesions mimic skeletal metastases from thyroid cancer on imaging and even may have high metabolic uptake on F-FDG PET/CT. It becomes crucial to distinguish these hypermetabolic lesions (benign vs. metastasis), especially in patients with thyroglobulin elevation and negative iodine scan.