Polydopamine Modified Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Nanocarrier for Targeted Prostate Cancer Treatment.

Polydopamine (pDA)-modified iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles (IONPs) are developed and designed as nanovectors of drugs. Reactive quinone of pDA enhances the binding efficiency of various biomolecules for targeted delivery. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG), an abundant thiol species in the cytoplasm, was immobilized on the pDA-IONP surface.

Teriparatide (recombinant human parathyroid hormone [1-34]) increases foot bone remodeling in diabetic chronic Charcot neuroarthropathy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Background: Currently, there is no consensus regarding the medical treatment of chronic Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) of foot, except for effective off-loading. Because tarsal bones are predominantly trabecular, teriparatide may improve the macroarchitecture of foot bones in chronic CN.

Methods: People with diabetes and chronic CN were randomized to receive either 20 μg teriparatide or placebo subcutaneous daily for 12 months.

F-FDG PET/CT detects Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Masquerading as Primary Breast Malignancy.

We present the case of a 36-year-old woman who underwent F-FDG PET/CT with suspicion of a primary breast malignancy. However, PET/CT detected an occult renal cell carcinoma with metastases to the thyroid, breast, lungs and lymph nodes. Thyroid and breast metastases are atypical metastatic sites of renal cell carcinoma.

Groove Pancreatitis Masquerading as Pancreatic Carcinoma-Detected on F-FDG PET/CT.

Groove pancreatitis is a rare form of chronic pancreatitis that affects the groove area adjacent to the second part of the duodenum. Clinical and biochemical features often overlap with other subsets of chronic pancreatitis, while the imaging features resemble that of carcinoma of the head of pancreas. We present a 38-year-old man with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of weight who underwent F-FDG PET/CT to rule out a pancreatic malignancy.

Two Cases of 188Re Microspheres for Inoperable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Often, patients present with inoperable and advanced disease. Selective internal radionuclide therapy offers prolonged survival and improved quality of life by delivering high radiation dose to the tumor with minimal complications.

Management of Primary Lymph Nodal Gastrinoma With Liver Metastases Resulting in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

Primary lymph node gastrinoma has been defined as gastrin-producing tumor present in lymph nodes and predominantly found in well-defined anatomical region known as gastrinoma triangle. They are usually localized preoperatively with imaging, and their surgical resection results in long-term relief. The authors report a case of unresectable primary lymph nodal gastrinoma with liver metastases in a 14-year-old adolescent boy with proven histopathology detected on Ga-DOTANOC whole-body PET/CT scan followed by preoperative multiple Lu-DOTATATE cycles for cytoreduction.

F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron-Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in a Case of Extensive Multi-Organal Extranodal Lymphoma with Cardiac Involvement Mimicking Apical Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Staging and Response Evaluation.

18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) is a standard imaging tool in staging as well as response evaluation for lymphoma. Here, we present a young male with extensive extranodal lymphoma with cardiac involvement which presented as diffuse myocardial lesion mimicking hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. F-FDG PET/CT helped in the staging by revealing multiple systemic involvements.

F-FDG PET/CT-Guided Real-Time Automated Robotic Arm-Assisted Needle Navigation for Percutaneous Biopsy of Hypermetabolic Bone Lesions: Diagnostic Performance and Clinical Impact.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to establish the feasibility, safety, diagnostic performance, and clinical impact of real-time intraprocedural F-FDG PET/CT-guided automated robotic arm-assisted biopsy of hypermetabolic marrow or bone lesions.

Subjects And Methods: This prospective study included 73 patients (47 male patients and 26 female patients) who underwent PET/CT-guided biopsy of accessible hypermetabolic marrow or bone lesions. The biopsy needle was inserted into the target lesion with automated robotic arm assistance, and tissue sampling was performed at the site with the highest metabolic activity, after the needle position was confirmed using PET/CT.

Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis Masquerading as Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer on F-18 FDG PET/CT: Diagnostic Dilemma Solved by PET/CT-Guided Biopsy.

We present a case of papillary thyroid cancer (post-thyroidectomy status) on regular treatment with suppressive Levothyroxine therapy. On follow-up at 6 months after radioactive iodine ablation for remnant thyroid tissue, her thyroglobulin, and anti-thyroglobulin levels were 0.06 ng/ml and 670 IU/ml, respectively.

Incremental Role of FDG PET/CT in Assessment of Testicular Viability.

Testicular torsion is a common differential diagnosis of acute scrotal pain along with acute epididymo-orchitis, which may lead to testicular non-viability. Doppler ultrasound and testicular scintigraphy are two routinely used modalities for the assessment of testicular viability. However, in some cases, these investigations may prove inadequate in differentiating between the two entities with widely differing management.

Detection of Hepatic Encephalopathy on 18F-FDG PET/CT Brain Images in a Patient With Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis.

We present a case of decompensated liver cirrhosis with ascites, which had history of asterixis, impaired balance with swaying gait along with mild irritability since 1 month. F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (FDG-PET/CT) performed to rule out malignancy did not reveal any abnormal FDG avid lesion suspicious for malignancy but showed hypermetabolism in the bilateral basal ganglia and thalamus with reduced metabolism in cerebral cortices and cerebellum, suggesting hepatic encephalopathy.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals a new mechanism based on competitive binding between Tris and protein on a conductive biomimetic polydopamine surface.

A novel mechanism was developed to study the interaction of mussel inspired polydopamine surfaces with bovine serum albumin using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy supplemented with XPS, IR spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The polydopamine surfaces reveal different mechanisms that give a new insight into understanding the interaction with BSA under the variable conditions used for PDA preparation and BSA adsorption. The study provides an in-depth analysis of the orientations and interactions of BSA with polydopamine surfaces.

18F-FDG PET/CT in Isolated Primary Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare, high-grade soft tissue malignancy, accounting for approximately 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Despite the histologic resemblance to osteogenic osteosarcoma, it is considered as a distinct entity because of the differences in clinical behavior and response to treatment. Hence, imaging plays a vital role in establishing the nonskeletal origin of the tumor, differentiating it from osteogenic osteosarcoma.

Diagnostic performance of real-time robotic arm-assisted F-FDG PET/CT-guided percutaneous biopsy in metabolically active abdominal and pelvic lesions.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic performance of F-FDG PET/CT-guided biopsy of abdominal and pelvic lesions with automated robotic arm (ARA) assistance.

Methods: This prospective study included 114 patients (75 men, 39 women; mean age 51.3 ± 14.

Demonstration of Tubercular "Abdominal Cocoon" (Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis) in 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis also called as abdominal cocoon is a less understood condition mostly due to idiopathic causes and sometimes secondary to tuberculosis or peritoneal dialysis. This report describes the typical features of "abdominal cocoon" on F-FDG PET/CT in a young woman, which was later diagnosed to be secondary to tuberculosis. Because the early features of this unusual entity are often nonspecific, high clinical suspicion along with understanding of the typical radiological/PET/CT features of this intriguing entity may guide the physician in ruling out the secondary treatable causes like tuberculosis, as noted in the index case.

Biocompatibility and Targeting Efficiency of Encapsulated Quinapyramine Sulfate-Loaded Chitosan-Mannitol Nanoparticles in a Rabbit Model of Surra.

Quinapyramine sulfate (QS) produces trypanocidal effects against the parasite but is often poorly tolerated and causes serious reactions in animals. The encapsulation of QS in chitosan-mannitol to provide sustained release would improve both the therapeutic effect of QS and the quality of life of animals treated with this formulation. QS was encapsulated into a nanoformulation prepared from chitosan, tripolyphosphate, and mannitol nanomatrix (ChQS-NPs).

Unusual Presentation of Hurthle Cell Carcinoma With TENIS Syndrome as Left Atrial Thrombus on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with thyroglobulin elevation and negative I scintigraphy (TENIS) syndrome is a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer has an excellent outcome, but treatment options in TENIS are limited with the exception of surgically amenable disease. We present a case of TENIS syndrome with incidental detection of tumor thrombus in right pulmonary vein extending to the left atrium on F-FDG PET/CT and subsequently complicating as an occipital bleed.

Incidental Detection of Tracer Avidity in Liposarcoma on 68Ga-Labeled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT.

Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT is emerging as new reference standard for imaging of prostate cancer because of superb diagnostic performance in disease staging and recurrence detection. However, a number of isolated reports have been published recently regarding the nonspecific uptake of Ga-PSMA in nonprostatic benign or malignant pathologies. We describe the case of a 76-year-old man who underwent Ga-labeled PSMA PET/CT for suspicion of prostate cancer.

18F-FDG PET/CT in an Atypical Case of Relapsed IgG4-Related Disease Presenting as Inflammatory Pseudotumor in Gall Bladder Fossa With Extensive Disease Involvement.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) with multisystem involvement is known to mimic various malignancies and can be diagnosed with high clinical suspicion. We hereby report an atypical case of IgG4-RD, who presented as an inflammatory pseudotumor resembling gall bladder malignancy with hepatic, omental, and subcutaneous involvement. The characteristic tracer uptake pattern described on FDG PET/CT may not be always present in IgG4-RD, especially in the setting of postabdominal surgery.

68Ga-Labeled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Uptake in Pheochromocytoma: An Incidental Finding in PET/CT Scan.

We report a case of adenocarcinoma prostate treated previously with radical prostatectomy and hormonal therapy who underwent Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT for recurrence evaluation. In addition to radiotracer uptake in the prostate bed, unusual intense prostate-specific membrane antigen uptake was also noted in the left adrenal gland. With a clinical suspicion of pheochromocytoma, Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT was done, which revealed tracer-avid left adrenal lesion.

Multifarious Ga-68 Labeled PET Radiopharmaceuticals in Imaging Various Malignancies.

The gamut of gallium labeled radiopharmaceuticals contributes to augmented variety in molecular imaging approach for identification of tumor characteristics. The spectrum ranges from somatostatin receptor based target-specific imaging agents, to those used for tumor imaging based on specific receptor types extending into ones used for therapeutic monitoring. The versatility of gallium chemistry provides the needed advantage for imaging which is further exploited in clinical practice influences the specificity of tumor imaging.

Radiation Exposure to the Personnel Performing Robotic Arm-Assisted Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography-Guided Biopsies.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to estimate the radiation burden to personnel performing robotic arm-assisted positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-guided metabolic biopsies and to staff assisting the procedure in a PET/CT facility.

Materials And Methods: We estimated the whole-body exposures to physicians and staff based on the dose rate measurement with an ionization chamber-based calibrated survey monitor and pocket dosimeters during the robotic arm-assisted 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET/CT-guided biopsies from September 2016 to February 2017. In addition, we also noted the time to biopsy after injection and total biopsy time during which the staff was exposed to the radiation.

Demonstration of Treatment Response to Trans-arterial Radio-embolization (TARE) on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT in a Patient With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Here we report a 31-year-old man with a peri-ampullary neuroendocrine tumor (NET), who underwent Ga DOTANOC-PET/CT for recurrence evaluation, which revealed isolated metastatic lesion in liver segment V. He underwent trans-arterial radio-embolization (TARE) of the isolated hepatic metastasis with Rhenium-microspheres in a lipiodol matrix. The second Ga DOTANOC-PET/CT was performed one month after the TARE therapy revealed resolution of the tracer uptake with good retention of the lipiodol complex replacing the metastasis suggesting a complete response.

68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC-Avid Synchronous Urinary Bladder Paraganglioma in a Patient With Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma.

Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT has proven to be a useful modality in patients with prostate carcinoma, especially in those with suspected recurrence and in detection of locoregional and distant metastases. However, with expanding use of this tracer, several recent reports of in vivo expression of PSMA in nonprostatic benign and malignant entities have been published. We report a patient with PSMA-avid synchronous urinary bladder paraganglioma and metastatic prostate carcinoma.