Towards ultra-sensitive and rapid near-source wastewater-based epidemiology.

Wastewater-based epidemiology is emerging as a powerful early-warning public health surveillance tool. However, gold-standard PCR necessitates transporting samples to laboratories, with significant reporting delays (24-72 h), prompting growing interest in rapid, near-source tests for resource-limited settings. Research has focused on gold nanoparticle dipsticks, but these typically lack sensitivity in wastewater.

Metabolomics using anion-exchange chromatography mass spectrometry for the analysis of cells, tissues and biofluids.

The direct coupling of ion-exchange chromatography with mass spectrometry using electrochemical ion suppression creates a hyphenated technique with selectivity and specificity for the analysis of highly polar and ionic compounds. The technique has enabled new applications in environmental chemistry, food chemistry, forensics, cell biology and, more recently, metabolomics. Robust, reproducible and quantitative methods for the analysis of highly polar and ionic metabolites help meet a longstanding analytical need in metabolomics.

The clinical approach to child and adolescent patients with lipodystrophy: a series of international case discussions.

Introduction: Lipodystrophy syndromes comprise a group of rare endocrine disorders characterized by the generalized or partial loss of adipose tissue. Affected individuals frequently display absolute or relative reductions in leptin, a key adipokine regulator of hunger-satiety signaling, and are predisposed to a range of metabolic and end-organ complications, often from a young age. The presentation and severity of lipodystrophy syndromes is largely dependent on the extent of adipose tissue loss while comorbidities often deteriorate with age.

Rural and Urban Disparities in Access to Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large Vessel Occlusions in Colorado.

Background: Rural-urban disparities in access to acute stroke care exist and have widened over time. We sought to quantify the rural-urban disparities that may exist in access to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients experiencing strokes with large vessel occlusions in Colorado.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study looking at all Colorado residents aged ≥18 years with large vessel occlusions undergoing EVT, between January 1, 2015, and November 30, 2022.

Minimally invasive treatment and short-term outcomes of a caudal mediastinal paraesophageal abscess (CMPA) in two dogs.

Objective: To describe the presentation, diagnostic findings, surgical treatment via video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), and short-term outcomes of two dogs with caudal mediastinal paraesophageal abscesses (CMPA).

Animals: Two client-owned dogs.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Little Loopers: A Case Series of Automated Insulin Delivery Usage with Standard and Diluted Insulin in Very Young Children with Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Management of diabetes mellitus in very young children presents challenges due to variable insulin sensitivity, unpredictable carbohydrate intake, and low insulin requirements. An automated insulin delivery (AID) system addresses some of these challenges and can be used with diluted insulin where indicated.

Methods: Retrospective case series of children aged <6 years with diabetes starting CamAPS FX AID with standard (U100) or diluted (U5 or U10) insulin at a single UK clinical centre between October 2020 and April 2022.

Monitoring the emergence of resistance with sotrovimab in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19: LUNAR study.

Objectives: To assess outcomes in sotrovimab-treated immunocompromised patients in the United Kingdom.

Methods: Multicenter, prospective, observational, descriptive study in immunocompromised, non-hospitalized adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 who received intravenous sotrovimab 500 mg as standard-of-care (July 1, 2022-June 30, 2023; Omicron predominance). Virology analyses included determination of SARS-CoV-2 viral load, spike sequencing, and determination of amino-acid substitutions in the spike protein and sotrovimab epitope.

Development of Next-Generation Antimalarial Acridones with Radical Cure Potential.

Building from our previous lead compound T111 () possessing activity against both asexual blood-stage (ABS) and liver-stage (LS) parasites, next-generation antimalarial acridones were systematically designed and synthesized. A large number of newly generated acridones displayed excellent antimalarial activities against both ABS and LS parasites, with feasible safety and metabolic profiles. In a high-throughput hypnozoitocidal assay using , a number of these acridones significantly inhibited schizont and hypnozoite formation in both prophylactic and radical cure-dosing modes.

Cytologic Evaluation as a Diagnostic Tool to Differentiate Adrenocortical Tumors and Pheochromocytomas.

Background: The utility of cytologic evaluation to distinguish adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytomas in dogs has not been thoroughly investigated, partly because of the perceived risks of the procedure.

Objectives: Report test characteristics of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and cytologic evaluation for differentiation of adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytomas in dogs. Complications associated with FNA also were recorded.

Laparoscopic ultrasonography identifies more liver lesions in dogs compared to transabdominal ultrasonography.

Objective: To describe the use of laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) for evaluation of the liver in dogs with clinical liver disease and to compare the findings of LUS to transabdominal ultrasound (TUS).

Methods: 8 client-owned dogs presenting for laparoscopic liver biopsies due to clinical liver disease were enrolled. All dogs underwent TUS, and liver lesions were identified, localized, and quantified per presumed liver lobe.

Enhancing the experience and outcomes of children with complex care needs in acute paediatric settings: a realist review protocol.

Introduction: The number of babies, children and young people with complex care needs (henceforth children with complex care needs (CCCN)) in England has increased in recent decades, and this has also been recognised globally. CCCN may have frequent and lengthy hospital admissions, but during these episodes, their needs are not always met, potentially resulting in suboptimal experiences and outcomes. Despite increased numbers of CCCN accessing acute care and displaying greater complexity, much of the contemporary literature has focused on primary care coordination between health, education and social care.

Cultural Adaptation of Patient-Reported Indicator Surveys (PaRIS) Patient and Primary Care Practice Questionnaires to the Slovenian Context.

Introduction: The objective of the study is to describe the adaptation process (with emphasis on cognitive testing) of the Slovenian version of the PaRIS international survey, including two questionnaires to assess patient-reported health outcomes and the experiences of adults living with one or more chronic conditions managed in primary care settings: (1) Patient questionnaire (targets patients aged 45 and older) and (2) Provider questionnaire (targets health care providers working in primary care).

Methods: The translation process of both PaRIS questionnaires followed a team-based double translation and reconciliation approach. Cognitive interviewing with 29 participants was performed.

Comparison of bacteria cultured during a total ear canal ablation and subsequent incisional dehiscence in 12 dogs.

Objective: To compare bacteria cultured at the time of total ear canal ablation (TECA) to bacteria cultured from post-TECA incisional dehiscence.

Study Design: Multicenter retrospective case series.

Animal Population: Dogs (n = 12) with incisional dehiscence following TECA.

Resection via carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of canine urethral prolapse is associated with a higher rate of complications.

Objective: To document and evaluate postoperative complications associated with 3 urethral prolapse surgical techniques: urethropexy (UP), resection and anastomosis (RA), and resection via carbon dioxide (CO2) laser.

Animals: 20 male dogs that underwent surgical treatment for urethral prolapse.

Clinical Presentation: Medical records were reviewed retrospectively.

The tumour microenvironment of pilocytic astrocytoma evolves over time via enrichment for microglia.

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the commonest low-grade tumour affecting children and is frequently experienced as a chronic disease associated with extended treatment, periods of regrowth, and long-term disability. This contrasts with the view of PA as a benign tumour with positive clinical outcomes and raises the fundamental question of biologically driven change over time within these tumours, which will impact diagnosis, stratification, and management. To investigate the molecular, cellular, and pathological stability of PA we performed RNA sequencing, methylation array profiling, immunohistochemistry, and targeted panel DNA sequencing on a cohort of 15 PA patients with matched primary/longitudinal samples at a mean sampling interval of 2.

Endoscopic evaluation of the feline tympanic bulla is feasible for detection of epithelial remnants following ventral bulla osteotomy in a cadaveric model.

Objective: To evaluate endoscopy for detection of epithelial remnants within the feline tympanic bulla following ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) and to report the most likely locations within the bulla for epithelial remnants to occur.

Methods: This was a single-center experimental cadaveric study. 10 VBO procedures were performed by 5 board-certified surgeons in 5 feline cadavers.

Barcode medication administration system use and safety implications: a data-driven longitudinal study supported by clinical observation.

Objectives: Barcode medication administration (BCMA) systems may improve patient safety with successful integration and use. This study aimed to explore the barriers and enablers for the successful use of a BCMA system by examining the patterns of medication and patient scanning over time and potential safety implications.

Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study informed by prospective clinical observations using data extracted from five hospital wards over the first 16 months after implementation to determine trends in medication and patient scanning rates, reasons for non-compliance and scanning mismatch alerts.

Taking a partnership approach to embed physical activity in local policy and practice: a Bradford District case study.

Background: Supportive policy is an important component of a whole-systems approach to increasing physical activity and reducing inequalities. There is a growing body of literature surrounding the design and effectiveness of national policy approaches to physical activity, but evidence related to local-level approaches is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine 'what works', and identify factors underpinning change, focused on work to embed physical activity in local policy and practice in Bradford, UK.

Genetic counseling workforce diversity, inclusion, and capacity in Australia and New Zealand.

Purpose: To understand diversity, inclusion, and capacity of genetic counselors (GCs) in Australasia (Australia and New Zealand).

Methods: Individuals with or working toward a GC qualification in Australasia were invited to complete an online survey, between November 2022 and March 2023. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, 1-sample proportion -tests, 2-sample -tests, and χ tests.

Inhibition of matrix metalloproteases by a chemical cross-linker to halt the corneal degradation in keratoconus.

The need for better and simpler alternative crosslinking strategies to treat keratoconus (KC) is becoming essential as there is only a single approved way to treat it. Recently, conventional UV-A Riboflavin crosslinking is proven to have some disadvantages such as causing damage to the corneal endothelium and inducing keratocyte apoptosis. A chemical cross-linker (CXL) using carbodiimide chemistry and an octanedioic acid spacer is found effective in stiffening the cornea and has the potential to be developed as an alternative therapy to halt KC progression.

Biofabrication and biomanufacturing in Ireland and the UK.

As we navigate the transition from the Fourth to the Fifth Industrial Revolution, the emerging fields of biomanufacturing and biofabrication are transforming life sciences and healthcare. These sectors are benefiting from a synergy of synthetic and engineering biology, sustainable manufacturing, and integrated design principles. Advanced techniques such as 3D bioprinting, tissue engineering, directed assembly, and self-assembly are instrumental in creating biomimetic scaffolds, tissues, organoids, medical devices, and biohybrid systems.

Evaluation of wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in a prison population: a mixed-methods approach.

Background: Prisons are high-risk settings for the transmission of communicable disease. Robust surveillance systems are required to identify and control outbreaks. Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 was introduced in four prisons in Wales in March 2022.