A novel extrafascial subscalene brachial plexus block in dogs: reducing hemidiaphragmatic paresis compared with the intrafascial technique.

Objective: To assess dye solution spread of an ultrasound-guided extrafascial subscalene approach (Esub) to the brachial plexus (BP) in canine cadavers and to compare the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis between the Esub and intrafascial subscalene (Isub) approaches in Beagle dogs.

Study Design: Descriptive anatomical study (Phase I) and prospective, randomized, blinded, experimental crossover trial (Phase II).

Animals: A total of six canine cadavers and seven adult Beagle dogs.

Development of a Pericapsular Knee Desensitization Technique in Dogs: An Anatomical Cadaveric Study.

Regional anesthesia techniques targeting articular nerve branches offer promising avenues for managing articular pain. This study developed and compared the success rates of an ultrasound-guided versus a blind pericapsular knee desensitization (PKD) technique in canine cadavers. In Phase I, gross dissection and ultrasound evaluations were performed in eight limbs to characterize the anatomy of the medial (MAN), lateral (LAN), and posterior (PAN) articular branches of the saphenous, common fibular, and tibial nerves, respectively, and to identify suitable anatomical and ultrasonographic landmarks.

Prolonged pharmacokinetic simulator-assisted propofol total intravenous infusion in a cat undergoing thoracic duct ligation.

This case report describes the use of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and dexmedetomidine for 5 hours in a cat undergoing thoracic duct ligation revision surgery for persistent chylothorax. Following intravenous (IV) premedication with methadone (0.2 mg kg), general anesthesia was induced with IV propofol (2 mg kg) and ketamine (2 mg kg).

Ultrasound-guided subscalene approach for the brachial plexus in dogs: a descriptive cadaveric study.

Objective: To describe the ultrasound anatomy of the subscalene groove, evaluate the feasibility of an in-plane subscalene approach to the brachial plexus (BP) and compare one- and two-point injection techniques for BP staining in canine cadavers.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, descriptive anatomical study.

Animals: Nineteen thawed male and female adult canine cadavers [mass 3-40 kg, body condition scores 4-6/9 (range)].

Development of a Pericapsular Elbow Desensitization Technique in Dogs-A Canine Cadaveric Study.

Peripheral nerve blocks play a critical role in pain management; however, no technique has been described to specifically target the articular nerve branches of the elbow in dogs. This study aimed to develop and compare the success rate of an ultrasound-guided versus a blind pericapsular elbow desensitization (PED) technique in canine cadavers. Phase I involved gross and ultrasonographic evaluations of the elbow joint in four cadavers to identify landmarks for the PED technique.

Preoperative septic peritonitis, hypotension, and reason for surgery are risk factors for small intestine dehiscence in dogs: a directed acyclic graph approach.

Objective: To evaluate risk factors for postoperative intestinal dehiscence, adjusting for potential confounders identified through directed acyclic graphs (DAGs).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of dogs undergoing small intestinal surgery at a private referral center between July 2011 and July 2024. Directed acyclic graphs were used to identify risk factors, confounders, and mediators, with regression models developed to adjust for these confounders.

Spinal cord injury in a 5 month old cat after single-shot lumbosacral epidural injection.

This report presents the anatomical and histopathological findings observed in a 5 month old Domestic Short Hair cat euthanized owing to long-lasting pelvic limb paralysis. Paralysis occurred after a lumbosacral epidural injection for perioperative pain management during femoral fracture repair. A lumbosacral epidural injection was performed according to established veterinary recommendations, with no immediate complications noted during surgery.

Ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve injection in rabbit cadavers: Technique description and comparison with blind approach.

Objective: To develop an ultrasound-guided technique for intercostal nerve blocks in rabbit cadavers and to compare the success rate and potential complications of this technique to blind injection.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, descriptive experimental cadaveric study.

Animals: A group of nine adult domestic rabbit cadavers (body mass 1.

Automated acute pain prediction in domestic goats using deep learning-based models on video-recordings.

Facial expressions are essential in animal communication, and facial expression-based pain scales have been developed for different species. Automated pain recognition offers a valid alternative to manual annotation with growing evidence across species. This study applied machine learning (ML) methods, using a pre-trained VGG-16 base and a Support Vector Machine classifier to automate pain recognition in caprine patients in hospital settings, evaluating different frame extraction rates and validation techniques.

Greater ischiatic notch plane versus parasacral block in dogs undergoing pelvic limb surgery: a retrospective noninferiority cohort study on perioperative opioid consumption.

Objective: To compare perioperative opioid consumption in dogs undergoing pelvic limb surgeries and receiving a lumbosacral plexus block by combining a lumbar [lateral pre-iliac (LPI)] block with a lumbosacral trunk [i.e. parasacral (PS group) or greater ischiatic notch plane (GIN group)] block.

Ultrasound-guided retromammillary injections in dogs: a feasibility, descriptive and anatomical study.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of an ultrasound-guided technique targeting the medial branches of the dorsal ramus of the spinal nerves (DRSN) by injecting a dye solution at the caudal aspect of the base of lumbar mammillary processes [i.e. the retromammillary (RM) space].

Ultrasound-Guided Greater Ischiatic Notch Plane Block Combined with the Caudal Quadratus Lumborum Block (GIN-TONIC Block) in Dogs Undergoing Pelvic Limb Surgery: Preliminary Results.

This study assessed the analgesic and motor effects of the GIN-TONIC block, a combination of the greater ischiatic notch plane block and the caudal lateral quadratus lumborum block, in 24 dogs undergoing pelvic limb surgery. Dogs were randomly divided into two equal groups: G received acepromazine [(20 µg kg intravenously (IV)] as premedication, and G received dexmedetomidine (2 µg kg IV). General anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane, and both groups received a GIN-TONIC block using 2% lidocaine.

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of single-dose enteral cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid rich hemp in horses ().

The pharmacokinetics and tolerability of cannabinoids and their metabolites were determined in eight horses after enteral administration of a commercial CBD/CBDA-rich hemp oil product. Each horse was administered 2 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg CBD/CBDA or no treatment in a randomized cross-over design. Serial serum samples collected over 48 h were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

Erector spinae plane block in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy: A prospective randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To compare the perioperative cumulative opioid consumption and the incidence of cardiovascular complications in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy in which either an erector spinae plane (ESP) block or systemic opioids were administered.

Study Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 60 client-owned dogs.

Ultrasound-guided and 'blind' sciatic nerve injection techniques: Comparison in rat cadavers.

Objective: To compare the success rate and extent of sciatic nerve staining with a bupivacaine-dye solution using two injection techniques: 'blind' or ultrasound-guided approach.

Study Design: Prospective, experimental, randomized, cadaveric study.

Animals: Adult female Wistar rat cadavers [n = 24, mass 352 g (323-374)].

Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block in Wistar rat cadavers: Relevant anatomy and injection distribution.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of an ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block by describing the sonoanatomy and comparing the distribution of two volumes of bupivacaine dye solution for nerve staining.

Study Design: Randomized, experimental, assessor-blinded cadaveric study.

Animals: A total of 40 adult female Wistar rat cadavers.

Haemodynamic effects of labetalol in isoflurane-anaesthetized dogs that received dexmedetomidine: A randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To test whether labetalol improved cardiovascular function in anaesthetized dogs injected with dexmedetomidine.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial.

Animals: A group of 20 healthy client-owned dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Ultrasound-guided caudal quadratus lumborum block combined with the greater ischiatic notch plane block as motor-protective analgesia for the pelvic limb in dogs.

Objective: To develop an ultrasound-guided caudal quadratus lumborum block (C-QLB) technique in canine cadavers and to compare sensory and motor blockade resulting from the combination of ultrasound-guided greater ischiatic notch (GIN) plane and C-QLB approaches (GIN-CQLB group) versus a lumbosacral plexus (LSP group) approach [combination of lateral pre-iliac (LPI) and parasacral (PS) techniques] in dogs.

Study Design: Descriptive anatomical study and prospective randomized, blinded, experimental crossover trial.

Animals: A total of six canine cadavers and six adult Beagle dogs.

Ultrasound-guided lateral pericapsular hip desensitization of the articular branches of the cranial gluteal nerve: A canine cadaveric study and feasibility study in dogs.

Objective: To develop and assess the feasibility, as a diagnostic block, of an ultrasound-guided lateral pericapsular hip desensitization (L-PHD) technique in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, anatomical and feasibility study.

Animals: A total of 11 canine cadavers and eight adult dogs scheduled for acetabular surgical denervation.