A novel extrafascial subscalene brachial plexus block in dogs: reducing hemidiaphragmatic paresis compared with the intrafascial technique.

Objective: To assess dye solution spread of an ultrasound-guided extrafascial subscalene approach (Esub) to the brachial plexus (BP) in canine cadavers and to compare the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis between the Esub and intrafascial subscalene (Isub) approaches in Beagle dogs.

Study Design: Descriptive anatomical study (Phase I) and prospective, randomized, blinded, experimental crossover trial (Phase II).

Animals: A total of six canine cadavers and seven adult Beagle dogs.

Preoperative septic peritonitis, hypotension, and reason for surgery are risk factors for small intestine dehiscence in dogs: a directed acyclic graph approach.

Objective: To evaluate risk factors for postoperative intestinal dehiscence, adjusting for potential confounders identified through directed acyclic graphs (DAGs).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of dogs undergoing small intestinal surgery at a private referral center between July 2011 and July 2024. Directed acyclic graphs were used to identify risk factors, confounders, and mediators, with regression models developed to adjust for these confounders.

Evaluation of oesophageal Doppler-derived variables and plethysmographic variability index to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated healthy dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the plethysmography variability index (PVI) and oesophageal Doppler (OD)-derived dynamic variables [stroke distance variation (StDV) and aortic flow peak velocity variation (PVV)] as predictors of fluid responsiveness.

Study Design: A prospective cohort, diagnostic test study.

Animals: A group of 30 client-owned dogs undergoing general anaesthesia.

Splenic Doppler Resistance Index for Detection of Circulatory Shock in Dogs.

Objective: To assess the splenic flow resistance index (RI) and its response to a fluid bolus in dogs showing circulatory abnormalities upon hospital admission.

Design: Prospective clinical study.

Setting: Veterinary referral hospital.

Assessment of change in end-tidal CO after fluid challenge as a marker of fluid responsiveness as measured by the aortic velocity time integral in healthy anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs.

Objective: To evaluate if variation in the end-tidal CO partial pressure (∆Petco) after a fluid challenge could predict fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 70% in healthy anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs.

Design: Diagnostic accuracy study.

Setting: University hospital.

Evaluation of cerebral autoregulation in dogs via transcranial color-coded duplex sonography and transient hyperemia testing.

Objective: To evaluate the changes in flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery before and after a carotid compression maneuver using transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) in healthy anesthetized dogs under mechanical ventilation.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Greater ischiatic notch plane versus parasacral block in dogs undergoing pelvic limb surgery: a retrospective noninferiority cohort study on perioperative opioid consumption.

Objective: To compare perioperative opioid consumption in dogs undergoing pelvic limb surgeries and receiving a lumbosacral plexus block by combining a lumbar [lateral pre-iliac (LPI)] block with a lumbosacral trunk [i.e. parasacral (PS group) or greater ischiatic notch plane (GIN group)] block.

Ultrasound-Guided Greater Ischiatic Notch Plane Block Combined with the Caudal Quadratus Lumborum Block (GIN-TONIC Block) in Dogs Undergoing Pelvic Limb Surgery: Preliminary Results.

This study assessed the analgesic and motor effects of the GIN-TONIC block, a combination of the greater ischiatic notch plane block and the caudal lateral quadratus lumborum block, in 24 dogs undergoing pelvic limb surgery. Dogs were randomly divided into two equal groups: G received acepromazine [(20 µg kg intravenously (IV)] as premedication, and G received dexmedetomidine (2 µg kg IV). General anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane, and both groups received a GIN-TONIC block using 2% lidocaine.

Tidal volume selection in volume-controlled ventilation guided by driving pressure versus actual body weight in healthy anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs: A randomized crossover trial.

Objective: To compare static compliance of the respiratory system (C) and the ratio of partial pressure of end-tidal to arterial carbon dioxide (Pe'CO/PaCO), in healthy dogs using two approaches for tidal volume (V) selection during volume-controlled ventilation: body mass based and driving pressure (ΔPaw) guided.

Study Design: Randomized, nonblinded, crossover, clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 19 client-owned dogs anesthetized for castration and ovariohysterectomy.

Ultrasound-guided caudal quadratus lumborum block combined with the greater ischiatic notch plane block as motor-protective analgesia for the pelvic limb in dogs.

Objective: To develop an ultrasound-guided caudal quadratus lumborum block (C-QLB) technique in canine cadavers and to compare sensory and motor blockade resulting from the combination of ultrasound-guided greater ischiatic notch (GIN) plane and C-QLB approaches (GIN-CQLB group) versus a lumbosacral plexus (LSP group) approach [combination of lateral pre-iliac (LPI) and parasacral (PS) techniques] in dogs.

Study Design: Descriptive anatomical study and prospective randomized, blinded, experimental crossover trial.

Animals: A total of six canine cadavers and six adult Beagle dogs.

Haemodynamic Effects of Pimobendan during General Anaesthesia in Healthy Senior Dogs: A Prospective, Randomised, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study.

Pimobendan is an inotropic and vasodilator drug with no sympathomimetic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the haemodynamic effects of pimobendan during anaesthesia in healthy senior dogs. A prospective, randomised, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted.

Caudal vena cava measurements and fluid responsiveness in hospitalized cats with compromised hemodynamics and tissue hypoperfusion.

Objective: To evaluate the use of the caudal vena cava collapsibility index (CVCCI) and the inspiratory/minimum and expiratory/maximum diameters of the vena cava to predict fluid responsiveness in hospitalized, critically ill cats with hemodynamic and tissue perfusion abnormalities.

Design: Diagnostic test study in a prospective cohort of hospitalized cats.

Setting: Private practice referral hospital.

Echocardiographic indicators of fluid responsiveness in hospitalized dogs with compromised hemodynamics and tissue hypoperfusion.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of selected echocardiographic variables used to predict fluid responsiveness in hospitalized dogs with compromised hemodynamics and tissue hypoperfusion.

Design: Diagnostic test study in a prospective cohort of hospitalized dogs.

Setting: Veterinary referral clinics.

Left-dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in a Fila Brasileiro dog.

Background: In human medicine, arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy was described as a primary disease of the heart characterized by fibroadipose replacement of the myocardium..

Case Description: We report the case of a dog, with history of syncope and irregular cardiac rhythm.

Retrospective evaluation of jugular venous blood variables and mortality in critically ill hospitalized cats.

Objective: To evaluate clinicopathological variables associated with hospital mortality in critically ill cats with compromised hemodynamics and tissue hypoperfusion.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: Private referral center.

Agreement between transthoracic echocardiography and esophageal Doppler on aortic flow variables in anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs.

The use of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and esophageal Doppler (ED) for the measurement of hemodynamic variables in anesthetized dogs was studied. Fourteen mixed-breed dogs, without cardiac disease, undergoing general anesthesia for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures were included in this prospective preliminary study. Dogs were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (3 μg/kg) and methadone (0.

[Lung ultrasound as predictor of intensive therapy in COVID-19 pneumonia].

Lung ultrasound (LUS) has shown to be a useful tool to detect the degree of pulmonary involvement in patients with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The present study evaluates the association of the 12-region lung ultrasound score and the requirements of intensive care unit, in patients with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to intermediate care in a specialized hospital; 115 patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia confirmed by chest radiography secondary to SARS-CoV-2 were included, LUS was performed together with the laboratory evaluation that included the measurement of inflammatory biomarkers (lymphocytes, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, procalcitonin, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and pro B-type natriuretic peptide). Lung ultrasound score was used, characterizing the degree of lung involvement as mild, moderate, and severe, and the results were compared with inflammatory biomarkers.

Findings suggestive of coronary microvascular dysfunction in cats with myocardial ischemia.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is an important cause of death and disability among humans worldwide. Few studies have reported the occurrence of MI in small animals as well. Reports in human medicine indicate that up to 30% of patients with clinical signs compatible with myocardial ischemia suggestive of coronary disease exhibit normal epicardial arteries at angiography.

Development of highly sensitive one step-PCR tests for improved detection of B. bigemina and B. bovis.

Bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia bigemina and B. bovis is an economically relevant tick-borne disease distributed over tropical and subtropical world regions. Animals that recover from the clinical disease can remain persistently infected, and those carriers are epidemiologically relevant since they can act as a source of infection to other animals through the tick bite.

Efficacy of tramadol for postoperative pain management in dogs: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the evidence of analgesic efficacy of tramadol for the management of postoperative pain and the presence of associated adverse events in dogs.

Databases Used: A comprehensive search using PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Google Scholar and CAB databases with no restrictions on language and following a prespecified protocol was performed from June 2019 to July 2020. Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in dogs that had undergone general anesthesia for any type of surgery.

Caudal vena cava collapsibility index as a tool to predict fluid responsiveness in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the use of the caudal vena cava collapsibility index (CVCCI) as a predictor of fluid responsiveness in hospitalized, critically ill dogs with hemodynamic or tissue perfusion abnormalities.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: Private referral center.

Tidal volume in mechanically ventilated dogs: can human strategies be extrapolated to veterinary patients?

This paper compares and describes the tidal volume (Vt) used in mechanically ventilated dogs under a range of clinical conditions. Twenty-eight dogs requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) were classified into 3 groups: healthy dogs mechanically ventilated during surgery (group I, n = 10), dogs requiring MV due to extra-pulmonary reasons (group II, n = 7), and dogs that required MV due to pulmonary pathologies (group III, n = 11). The median used in each group was 16 mL/kg (interquartile range [IQR], 15.