Molecular approaches for enhancing fermented bamboo-derived feed additives: A sustainable nutritional innovation for poultry.

The function of fermented and non fermented bamboo-derived feed additives in poultry nutrition is critically assessed in this review, with emphasis on the effects on growth performance, immunity, intestinal health, egg and meat quality. Fermented bamboo feeds have become a promising nutritional innovation in poultry production. The use of bamboo leaves and tender shoots in chicken feed is limited due to the presence of lignin and cellulose.

Integrated Classification of Cortical Cells and Quantitative Projectomic Mapping Unveil Organizational Principles of Brain-Wide Connectomes at Single Cell Level.

Molecularly defined cortical cell types have recently been linked to whole neuronal morphology (WNM), particularly those characterized by whole-brain-wide projections, such as intratelencephalic (IT), extratelencephalic (ET), and corticothalamic (CT) neurons. In contrast, classical morphological classifications (e.g.

A Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis Based on Functional Studies of MEF-2 Family in NSCLC.

Lung cancer remains the malignancy with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are no effective guiding therapies and prognosis biomarkers, and the overall prognosis of lung cancer remains poor. The cardiomyocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF-2) family is a highly evolutionarily conserved transcription factor that plays important roles in a variety of diseases, including tumors.

Modular strategies for spatial mapping of diverse cell type data of the mouse brain.

Large-scale, international collaborative efforts by members of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) consortium are aggregating the most comprehensive reference database to date for diverse cell type profiling of the mouse brain, which encompasses over 40 different multi-modal profiling techniques from more than 30 research groups. One central challenge for this integrative effort has been the need to map these unique datasets into common reference spaces such that the spatial, structural, and functional information from different cell types can be jointly analyzed. However, significant variation in the acquisition, tissue processing, and imaging techniques across data types makes mapping such diverse data a multifarious problem.

Cytidinyl/Cationic Lipid Encapsulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor siRNA for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of invasive liver cancer, representing over 90% of all liver cancer cases. Currently, there is a lack of targeted therapy for HCC. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is abnormally expressed in HCC, leading to the malignant proliferation and contributing to the antiapoptosis mechanisms in tumor cells.

Correlation Between Free Thyroxine Levels and Mortality in Hypertensive Patients.

To study the link between free thyroxine (FT4) levels and mortality in hypertensive patients. Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey performed in the United States from 2007 to 2012. This study included 3365 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012.

Biologically Active Peptides from Corn Gluten Meal Improve Microbiota Disorders Caused by Infection in Mice.

This study investigated the potential effects of corn protein activity peptides (CPAPs) on inflammation response levels and gastrointestinal microbiota in () infection mice. CPAPs significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and down-regulated the mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory factors TGF-β, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB, indicating that CPAPs may antagonize -induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways. Through the intervention of CPAPs, colonization in the stomach was significantly reduced.

Four novel anti-adhesive activity peptides against derived from rice bran protein: release, identification and anti-adhesive mechanisms elucidation.

is a highly pathogenic and prevalent pathogen that is a class I carcinogen. More than 50% of the world's population is infected with . An anti-adhesive strategy is an effective way to antagonize infection, which does not cause resistance and is safer compared to antibiotic therapy.

The ANTsX Ecosystem for Mapping the Mouse Brain.

Precision mapping techniques coupled with high resolution image acquisition of the mouse brain permit the study of the spatial organization of gene expression and their mutual interaction for a comprehensive view of salient structural/functional relationships. Such research is facilitated by standardized anatomical coordinate systems, such as the well-known Allen Common Coordinate Framework (AllenCCFv3), and the ability to spatially map to such standardized spaces. The Advanced Normalization Tools Ecosystem is a comprehensive open-source software toolkit for generalized quantitative imaging with applicability to multiple organ systems, modalities, and animal species.

Bis-2'-F-cGAMP isomers encapsulated in cytidinyl/cationic lipids act as potent in situ autologous tumor vaccines.

Cancer immunotherapy has greatly improved the prognosis of tumor-bearing patients. Nevertheless, cancer patients exhibit low response rates to current immunotherapy drugs, such as PD1 and PDL1 antibodies. Cyclic dinucleotide analogs are a promising class of immunotherapeutic agents.

Taraxasterol enhanced bladder cancer cells radiosensitivity via inhibiting the COX-2/PGE2/JAK2/STAT3/MMP pathway.

Purpose: Radiotherapy with bladder preservation is highly acceptable among patients bearing bladder cancer (BCa), but the occurrence of secondary tolerance (ARR) during treatment is one of the important reasons for the failure of clinical radiotherapy. COX-2 has been frequently reported to be highly expressed and associated with radio-resistance in various cancers. In this study, the feasibility of Taraxasterol (Tara) as a radiosensitizer was investigated, and the target effect of Tara on COX-2 and its underlying mechanism were explored.

A guide to the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network data ecosystem.

Characterizing cellular diversity at different levels of biological organization and across data modalities is a prerequisite to understanding the function of cell types in the brain. Classification of neurons is also essential to manipulate cell types in controlled ways and to understand their variation and vulnerability in brain disorders. The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) is an integrated network of data-generating centers, data archives, and data standards developers, with the goal of systematic multimodal brain cell type profiling and characterization.

DAB2IP-knocking down resulted in radio-resistance of breast cancer cells is associated with increased hypoxia and vasculogenic mimicry formation.

Purpose: As a part of breast-conserving therapy (BCT), postoperative radiotherapy is one of the main means to improve the clinical efficacy of breast cancer (BCa). However, ionizing radiation (IR) may induce BCa cells to develop radioresistance, which causes tumor recurrence and metastasis after treatment. Recently, DOC-2/DAB2 interactive protein (DAB2IP) has been reported often down-regulated in a variety of cancers and is related to tumor tolerance to radiotherapy.

Cyclic diguanylate analogues: Facile synthesis, STING binding mode and anti-tumor immunity delivered by cytidinyl/cationic lipid.

Herein 2-cyanoethoxy-N,N,N',N'-tetraisopropyl-phosphorodiamidite(10, P, 3.5 eq.) could synergistically react with 3',5'-dihydroxyl groups in a dinucleotide(P) at the cyclization step for the synthesis of cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) (c-di-GMP, cGAMP etc.

A whole-brain monosynaptic input connectome to neuron classes in mouse visual cortex.

Identification of structural connections between neurons is a prerequisite to understanding brain function. Here we developed a pipeline to systematically map brain-wide monosynaptic input connections to genetically defined neuronal populations using an optimized rabies tracing system. We used mouse visual cortex as the exemplar system and revealed quantitative target-specific, layer-specific and cell-class-specific differences in its presynaptic connectomes.

Hierarchical and nonhierarchical features of the mouse visual cortical network.

Neocortical computations underlying vision are performed by a distributed network of functionally specialized areas. Mouse visual cortex, a dense interareal network that exhibits hierarchical properties, comprises subnetworks interconnecting distinct processing streams. To determine the layout of the mouse visual hierarchy, we have evaluated the laminar patterns formed by interareal axonal projections originating in each of ten areas.

EZH2 targeting to improve the sensitivity of acquired radio-resistance bladder cancer cells.

Among the many treatments for Bladder cancer (BCa) patients, radiotherapy is an effective way to preserve the bladder. However, as the frequency of irradiation increases, the tumor cells appear "acquired radio-resistance" (ARR) and loss the sensitivity to radiotherapy. To explore the molecular mechanism of ARR, two BCa cell lines, 5637 and T24, were enrolled here and their ARR counterparts, 5637R and T24R, were obtained by exposure to γ-ray of 2 Gy for 30 times.

Morphological diversity of single neurons in molecularly defined cell types.

Dendritic and axonal morphology reflects the input and output of neurons and is a defining feature of neuronal types, yet our knowledge of its diversity remains limited. Here, to systematically examine complete single-neuron morphologies on a brain-wide scale, we established a pipeline encompassing sparse labelling, whole-brain imaging, reconstruction, registration and analysis. We fully reconstructed 1,741 neurons from cortex, claustrum, thalamus, striatum and other brain regions in mice.

Cellular anatomy of the mouse primary motor cortex.

An essential step toward understanding brain function is to establish a structural framework with cellular resolution on which multi-scale datasets spanning molecules, cells, circuits and systems can be integrated and interpreted. Here, as part of the collaborative Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN), we derive a comprehensive cell type-based anatomical description of one exemplar brain structure, the mouse primary motor cortex, upper limb area (MOp-ul). Using genetic and viral labelling, barcoded anatomy resolved by sequencing, single-neuron reconstruction, whole-brain imaging and cloud-based neuroinformatics tools, we delineated the MOp-ul in 3D and refined its sublaminar organization.

Modular Network between Postrhinal Visual Cortex, Amygdala, and Entorhinal Cortex.

The postrhinal area (POR) is a known center for integrating spatial with nonspatial visual information and a possible hub for influencing landmark navigation by affective input from the amygdala. This may involve specific circuits within muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 (M2)-positive (M2) or M2 modules of POR that associate inputs from the thalamus, cortex, and amygdala, and send outputs to the entorhinal cortex. Using anterograde and retrograde labeling with conventional and viral tracers in male and female mice, we found that all higher visual areas of the ventral cortical stream project to the amygdala, while such inputs are absent from primary visual cortex and dorsal stream areas.

Direct Current Stimulation for Improved Osteogenesis of MC3T3 Cells Using Mineralized Conductive Polyaniline.

Hydroxyapatites (HAPs) are usually coated on the surface of an implant to improve the osseointegration with defect bone tissue. Besides, conducting polymers have the advantages of good conductivity, reasonable biocompatibility, and easy of modification, which endow them applicable to electrical stimulation therapy. However, it still remains a great challenge to fabricate hybrid coating combing HAP with conducting polymer on implant surface efficiently.

The Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework: A 3D Reference Atlas.

Recent large-scale collaborations are generating major surveys of cell types and connections in the mouse brain, collecting large amounts of data across modalities, spatial scales, and brain areas. Successful integration of these data requires a standard 3D reference atlas. Here, we present the Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework (CCFv3) as such a resource.

Hierarchical organization of cortical and thalamic connectivity.

The mammalian cortex is a laminar structure containing many areas and cell types that are densely interconnected in complex ways, and for which generalizable principles of organization remain mostly unknown. Here we describe a major expansion of the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas resource, involving around a thousand new tracer experiments in the cortex and its main satellite structure, the thalamus. We used Cre driver lines (mice expressing Cre recombinase) to comprehensively and selectively label brain-wide connections by layer and class of projection neuron.

Automatic navigation system for the mouse brain.

Identification and delineation of brain regions in histologic mouse brain sections is especially pivotal for many neurogenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and connectomics studies, yet this process is prone to observer error and bias. Here we present a novel brain navigation system, named NeuroInfo, whose general principle is similar to that of a global positioning system (GPS) in a car. NeuroInfo automatically navigates an investigator through the complex microscopic anatomy of histologic sections of mouse brains (thereafter: "experimental mouse brain sections").