The relationship between cloud distribution characteristics and meteorological elements over China.

The meteorological elements in the cloud background field influence and change with the cloud macro and micro characteristics, so it is of great significance to study the relationship between them. Using CALIOP Level 2 VFM products and ERA5 reanalysis data, this paper studies and analyzes the relationship between the distribution characteristics of different types and phases clouds and meteorological elements over China through statistical methods. The results show that: In the two-dimensional probability density function distribution of cloud occurrence probability and relative humidity-temperature, there are two significant high value regions, which can be divided into tropical clouds and temperate clouds.

Decimeter-length elastic organic crystals capable of mechanical post-processing and optical waveguide modulation at 77 K.

The development of decimeter-length organic crystals that remain elastic, functional, and machinable at extremely low temperatures, such as in liquid nitrogen (LN) environments, is a great challenge. Here, we report two novel elastic organic crystals, 1 and 2, derived from mono-benzene compounds. Crystals 1 are elastically bendable with decimeter-scale length (>10 cm) and exhibit better elastic bending ability at LN temperature compared to room temperature.

Ultra-Wide Modulation and Reversible Reconfiguration of a Flexible Organic Crystalline Optical Waveguide Between 645 and 731 nm.

Flexible organic crystalline optical waveguides, which deliver input or self-emit light through various dynamic organic crystals, have attracted increasing attention in the past decade. However, the modulation of the waveguide output relies on chemical design and substituent modification, being time-consuming and laborious. Here we report an elastic organic crystal that displays long-distance light transduction up to 2.

Elastic Organic Crystals Exhibiting Amplified Spontaneous Emission Waveguides with Standard Red Chromaticity of the Rec.2020 Gamut.

The use of mechanically flexible molecular crystals as optical transuding media is demonstrated for a plethora of applications; however, the spectral peaks of optical outputs located mainly in the range of 400-600 nm are insufficient for practical telecommunication and full-color display applications. Herein, two elastically bendable organic crystals are reported that show red emission of the rec.709 gamut under 365 nm UV light irradiation yet generate rec.

Pd/Co Catalyst with High Pd Atom Utilization Efficiency for Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation at Room Temperature: Experimental and DFT Studies.

Enhancing catalytic performance as well as reducing catalyst cost are the eternal pursuit for the catalysis community. Herein, a simple and effective palladium-doped cobalt (Pd/Co) catalyst with high Pd atom utilization efficiency was synthesized via galvanic replacement reaction for the selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene with H at room temperature, delivering >99 % yield of aniline with up to 158 times higher catalytic activity than commercial palladium powder. Detailed characterizations and DFT calculations revealed that Co-Pd interaction leads to a decrease in electron density of Pd and the distance between Pd atoms that results in the enhanced catalytic performance.

Water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols along the transport pathway of Asian dust: Optical properties, chemical compositions, and potential sources.

As an important type of light-absorbing aerosol, brown carbon (BrC) has the potential to affect the atmospheric photochemistry and Earth's energy budget. A comprehensive field campaign was carried out along the transport pathway of Asian dust during the spring of 2016, including a desert site (Erenhot), a rural site (Zhangbei), and an urban site (Jinan), in northern China. Optical properties, bulk chemical compositions, and potential sources of water-soluble brown carbon (WS-BrC) were investigated in atmospheric total suspended particulate (TSP) samples.

Nonlinear response of Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex to the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) Niño.

Variations in tropical sea surface temperatures (SST) have pronounced impacts on the stratospheric polar vortex, with the role of El Niño being the focus of much research interest. However, the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP), which is the warmest body of seawater in the world, has received less attention. The IPWP has been warming in recent years.

Spatial and temporal distribution of the cloud optical depth over China based on MODIS satellite data during 2003-2016.

The cloud optical depth (COD) is one of the important parameters used to characterize atmospheric clouds. We analyzed the seasonal variations in the COD over East Asia in 2011 using cloud mode data from the AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) ground-based observational network. The applicability of the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) COD product was verified and compared with the AERONET cloud mode dataset.

Synthesis, spectral, and structural characterizations of imidazole oxalato molybdenum(IV/V/VI) complexes.

Substitutions of trans-Na(Him)[Mo(2)O(4)(ox)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O (1) and trans-(Him)(2)[Mo(2)O(4)(ox)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] (2) with imidazole result in the formation of the mixed-ligand molybdenum complexes cis-Na(2)[Mo(2)O(4)(ox)(2)(im)(2)]·4.5H(2)O (3), cis-K(2)[Mo(2)O(4)(ox)(2)(im)(2)]·3H(2)O (4), respectively (H(2)ox = oxalic acid; im = imidazole). Further reduction of cis-K(2)[Mo(2)O(4)(ox)(2)(im)(2)]·3H(2)O (4) gives a trinuclear molybdenum(IV) complex K(Him)[Mo(3)O(4)(ox)(3)(im)(3)]·3H(2)O (5), which contains an incomplete cubane cluster [Mo(IV)(3)O(4)](4+).