A multicenter cross-sectional study on nurses' attitudes toward end-of-life care and influencing factors: a latent profile analysis.

Background: Nurses' attitudes and beliefs regarding end-of-life issues significantly impact the quality of care provided to dying patients. While several studies have explored medical students' attitudes toward end-of-life care, there is a lack of in-depth analysis of the internal variations and factors influencing clinical nurses' attitudes toward death. This study aimed to identify different profiles of attitude toward care for dying patients and explore the factors influencing each profile.

The Impact of Conjugation Mode and Site on Tubulysin Antibody-Drug-Conjugate Efficacy and Stability.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a prominent class of biotherapeutics engineered to selectively deliver cytotoxic payloads to tumors, thereby facilitating targeted cell killing. While first-generation ADCs, created by conjugating payloads to surface-accessible lysine or hinge-cysteine residues, have achieved clinical success, several site-specific ADCs with defined drug-to-antibody ratios are currently under clinical investigation. Herein, the efficacy, stability, and pharmacokinetics of ADCs generated by attaching the drug linker to surface-exposed lysine residues, hinge-cysteine residues, and the C'E loop in the CH2 domain (mediated by bacterial transglutaminase) using a tubulysin payload are compared.

Discovery and Characterization of a First-in-Class LIV1-TLR7/8 Immunomodulatory Conjugate with Robust Myeloid Activation and Antitumor Activity.

Herein, we describe the discovery of a novel immunostimulatory drug conjugate (IMC) that employs TLR7/8 agonists conjugated to a tumor-targeting LIV1 antibody. Targeting TLR7/8 agonists to LIV1-expressing tumors enables localized delivery, thereby minimizing systemic toxicity while promoting inflammation and T cell recruitment within the tumor microenvironment (TME) for enhanced antitumor efficacy. Dual activation of TLR7 and TLR8 within the TME facilitates the recruitment of diverse immune cells and induces a broad spectrum of pro-inflammatory cytokines, effectively reshaping the immunosuppressive TME by upregulating costimulatory molecules.

Antibody-Drug Conjugates of NLRP3 Agonists: How Overcoming Lysosomal Accumulation Necessitated Noncanonical Linker Attachments.

An initial series of NLRP3 agonist antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) failed to induce IL-1β in vitro due to lysosomal trapping of the payload. To address this, we developed assays and computational tools to identify a new payload that could diffuse out of the lysosomes. ADCs derived from this payload were active, emphasizing the need to avoid payload lysosomal accumulation for nonlysosomal targets.

What factors influence thriving in adolescent and young adult cancer patients? A focus on psychological health, biological markers, and quality of life.

Purpose: This study explores the role of psychological health, biological markers, and quality of life (QoL) in influencing thriving - defined as resilience and enhanced well-being - among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients.

Methods: A total of 148 AYA cancer patients were assessed for psychological health indicators (anxiety, depression, character strengths), physiological markers (cortisol awakening response [CAR], melatonin), and QoL. Thriving levels were evaluated using ordinary least squares regression and quantile regression to identify predictors across different thriving percentiles.

Targeted Delivery of TLR7 Agonists to the Tumor Microenvironment Enhances Tumor Immunity via Activation of Tumor-Resident Myeloid Cells.

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are phylogenetically conserved mediators of innate immunity that are essential for establishing adaptive immune responses against invading pathogens. TLR7 is an endosomal receptor expressed predominantly in myeloid and B cells. Activation of TLR7 induces Type I interferon and proinflammatory responses; therefore, targeting TLR7 is a promising strategy for antitumor therapy.

Genetically reprogrammed exosomes for immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia.

Current treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain challenging and are characterized by poor clinical outcomes. Exosomes, cell-derived membranous vesicles, have been emerging as a new modality of therapy. Here, we designed and generated genetically reprogrammed exosomes with surface-displayed antibodies and immunoregulatory proteins, namely programmed immune-engaging exosomes (PRIME Exos).

Current status and influencing factors of nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards clinical research ethical in China: a province-wide cross-sectional survey.

Background: Nurses' competence in clinical research is a key element in promoting high quality in the discipline of nursing, and the ethical aspects of research are of paramount importance. Therefore, nurses need to have a comprehensive understanding of the ethics associated with clinical research, which is an integral part of safeguarding the safety of subjects, ensuring the quality of nursing clinical research, and improving the ethical standardization of clinical research.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 304 nurses in a province of China between April 2023 and September 2023, utilizing convenience sampling.

Correction: Oral delivery of a platinum anticancer drug using lipid assisted polymeric nanoparticles.

Correction for 'Oral delivery of a platinum anticancer drug using lipid assisted polymeric nanoparticles' by Qinqin Cheng , , 2015, , 17536-17539, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC07853A.

Collimation principles of a hollow X-ray microbeam for high-contrast cytoplasm irradiation.

A Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess the performance of a collimated hollow X-ray microbeam for subcellular cytoplasm irradiation. A high-Z coaxial collimation structure with an inner core for nucleus shielding was investigated. Two key performances, the extraction efficiency (cytoplasm dose per unit incident fluence) and the dose contrast (cytoplasm-to-nucleus dose ratio), were evaluated regarding the influences of the material, geometry and physical arrangements of the collimator, target dish and incident beam source.

The psychological distress of gastrointestinal cancer patients and its association with quality of life among different genders.

Background: Psychological distress is a prevalent unpleasant experience faced by many cancer patients. However, the psychological distress among gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients is scarcely explored. Moreover, the association between psychological distress and quality of life in different genders has yet to be explored.

A Mobile Instant Messaging-Delivered Psychoeducational Intervention for Cancer Caregivers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Psychoeducational interventions (PEIs), which provide both information and emotional and psychosocial support, may address the unmet needs of the caregivers of adolescent and young adult patients with cancer.

Objective: To explore the effects of an instant messaging-delivered PEI on anxiety, depression, quality of life (QOL), and coping and determine whether the intervention reduces caregivers' unmet needs.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial using an intention-to-treat protocol was conducted from April 1 to September 14, 2022, in a tertiary cancer hospital in China and included caregivers of patients diagnosed with cancer at age 15 to 39 years recruited using convenience sampling.

Exploring the spiritual needs of patients with advanced cancer in China: a qualitative study.

This qualitative study aimed to gain a deep understanding of the spiritual needs of patients with advanced cancer. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to thematic analysis.

Development of care quality indicators for palliative care in China: A modified Delphi method study.

Objective: While there are limited studies addressing palliative care quality in China, the availability of an effective set of care quality indicators is scarce. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive set of quality indicators for palliative care in China.

Methods: Conducting a systematic literature search across databases and guideline websites from inception to October 2020, combined with qualitative interviews, we established a preliminary pool of indicators.

The relationship of exercise and cancer-related fatigue in patients with advanced liver cancer: a cross-sectional study.

There is increasing interest in understanding exercise as a potential treatment for cancer-related fatigue (CRF); however, rarely research has been conducted on more aggressive cancers with short survival, such as liver cancer. The purpose of this study was to provide educational ideas for insufficient exercise and provide clues for the design of effective and safe exercise intervention programs with high compliance in patients of advanced liver cancer in the future. Participants were recruited from a tertiary cancer hospital using convenience sampling.

Willingness of advanced cancer patients to receive palliative care and its determinants: A cross-sectional study in Northern Tanzania.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess willingness of advanced cancer patients to receive palliative care and its determinants at Cancer Care Centre in Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Northern Tanzania.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess willingness of advanced cancer patients to receive palliative care and its determinants at Cancer Care Centre in Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Northern Tanzania.

Methods: This was an institution-based cross-sectional study and the target population was all advanced cancer patients attending care at Cancer care Centre in Northern Tanzania.

Roles and activities of nurses in cancer prevention and early detection in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review.

Objective: Nurses play a crucial role in cancer control. Prior reviews presented the effectiveness of nursing interventions such as tobacco cessation counseling and cervical cancer screening but did not focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This scoping review addresses a gap in the literature by describing the roles and activities of nurses in cancer prevention and early detection in LMICs.

TGase-induced Cd tolerance by boosting polyamine, nitric oxide, cell wall composition and phytochelatin synthesis in tomato.

In highly intensive greenhouse vegetable production, soil acidification was caused by excessive fertilization, increasing cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the vegetables, which bears environmental hazards and is a negative influence on vegetables and humans. Transglutaminases (TGases), a central mediator for certain physiological effects of polyamines (PAs) in the plant kingdom, play important roles in plant development and stress response. Despite increased research on the crucial role of TGase in protecting against environmental stresses, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of Cd tolerance.

Spiritual well-being and its association with hope and meaning in life among gastrointestinal cancer patients: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Spiritual well-being is a critical element of individuals' quality of life and is overestimated by healthcare providers. A body of evidence is conducted on the spiritual well-being of cancer patients, but few on gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients, which constitute a great proportion of the cancer burden. This study aimed to investigate the spiritual well-being of GI cancer patients and its association with hope and meaning in life.

The Feasibility and Acceptability of a Needs-Oriented Psychoeducational Intervention Among Caregivers of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Little is known about the psychoeducational interventions for caregivers of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a needs-oriented psychoeducational intervention among caregivers of AYA cancer patients.

Methods: In this 2-arm (parallel-group), pilot randomized controlled trial, participants were randomized to the intervention or control group.

Synthesis of Bispecific Antibody Conjugates Using Functionalized Poly-ADP-ribose Polymers.

Poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) is a natural type of polymer derived from enzymatic reactions catalyzed by cellular poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Given its notable solubility and biocompatibility, the PAR polymer may function as effective carriers for therapeutics in addition to modulating biomolecular interactions in cells. To explore its therapeutic potential, we herein developed a PAR polymer-based bispecific antibody targeting both human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and T-cell CD3 antigens.

A Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymer-GCSF Conjugate.

Poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) is a naturally occurring form of polymers synthesized through enzymatic reactions catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). It is known for regulating various important cellular signaling pathways and processes. As a water soluble and biocompatible type of polymer, PAR may hold promise for safe and efficient delivery of therapeutics.