Hydrogen sulfide in the brain as a silent neuroprotector in Alzheimer's disease.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an endogenously produced gasotransmitter that has garnered growing attention for its critical roles in cellular signalling and brain function. It regulates NMDA receptors during long-term potentiation, a fundamental mechanism underlying memory consolidation and influences neurotransmission and essential neurophysiological functions. HS is synthesized by three enzymes: cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) within the cell.

Biomechanical characterization of cadaveric thigh skin for development of biofidelic simulants.

Background: Simulants that accurately replicate the mechanical properties of human skin are essential for biomechanical testing, especially for skin prosthetics and grafting. Although there has been a plethora of research related to the testing of skin samples of several locations, particularly the thigh region remains yet to be extensively explored. Previous studies involving thigh skin lack the testing at varying strain rates which could be helpful to develop simulants and improve high-expansion skin grafts.

Mathematical model for analysing the interplay between income, nutrition, and tuberculosis dynamics.

This paper presents a mathematical framework to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors, specifically income and nutrition on the transmission dynamics of TB. Inadequate nutrition, driven by the unaffordability of a healthy diet in low and middle income countries, is a major barrier to achieve the WHO's End Tuberculosis (TB) strategy. To address this issue, the authors have developed a compartmental model by incorporating transmission rate β̃(M), recovery rate γ̃(N), and TB-related mortality rate μ̃(N), as functions of income and nutrition levels.

Biomedical simulations of electroosmotic non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid (blood) with hematocrit viscosity through a porous overlapping irregular stenosed artery.

Inspired by the therapeutic possibilities of drug delivery in cardiovascular disease management, the authors' objective is to investigate the hemodynamic phenomenon during the electroosmotic flow of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid through an artery featuring two types of stenosis (i) irregular and (ii) overlapping. In the present work, the authors have incorporated Ag-TiO as the hybrid nanoparticles in the blood and the Sutterby fluid is utilized to represent the non-Newtonian nature of the blood. Here, the authors' objective is to make the model more realistic for real life situation by considering a hematocrit-dependent blood viscosity which is due to the presence of RBCs in the blood.

Oral health disparities in the elderly: A study on access to dental care and its implications.

Elderly people encounter important dental health effects on their general well-being even though their access to dental services remains unequal. Seniors living in rural areas showed more tooth decay on dental examination with DMFT scores at 14.2 for of 300 seniors while urban seniors had scores at 9.

GC-MS/MS and HR-LCMS-QTOF analysis of various extracts of Saraswata Ghrita: A comprehensive dataset on phytochemical compounds.

This dataset provides a comprehensive phytochemical profile of , a classical Ayurvedic formulation traditionally used for cognitive enhancement. To capture its diverse bioactive constituents, three different extracts-methanol, hexane, and hexane-ethanol-were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (HR-LCMS/MS-QTOF). The dataset includes volatile and semi-volatile compounds identified through GC-MS/MS, while HR-LCMS/MS-QTOF facilitates the characterization of non-volatile and polar metabolites.

Interface Engineering and Band Alignment Studies of Cu Doped NiO as a Hole Transport Layer for Triple Cationic Perovskite Solar Cells.

Hole selective inorganic transport layer plays an important role for higher stability of p-i-n perovskite solar cell. Here, this study investigates optimized Cu doping in NiO hole transport layer (HTL) and studied its interface with triple cation perovskite (Cs(FAMA)Pb(IBr)) absorbing layer. The optimized Cu doped NiO shows optical band gap of 3.

Deep learning-based classification of dementia using image representation of subcortical signals.

Background: Dementia is a neurological syndrome marked by cognitive decline. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the common forms of dementia, each with distinct progression patterns. Early and accurate diagnosis of dementia cases (AD and FTD) is crucial for effective medical care, as both conditions have similar early-symptoms.

Alzheimer's disease: A case study involving EEG-based fE/I ratio and pTau-181 protein analysis through nasal administration of .

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory, language, and cognitive functions and currently has no definitive cure. (SG), a traditional Ayurvedic remedy administered nasally, offers a holistic approach and is believed to directly affect brain functions through its unique delivery route.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SG in improving cognitive function and neurochemical biomarkers in a patient with AD.

Gelatin Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite 3D Printed Semi Biological Mesh for Abdominal Hernia Treatment.

Hernia is characterized by the protrusion of organs or tissue through weakened areas in the abdominal cavity wall. A common treatment for hernia involves the implantation of a mesh which promotes the growth of new tissue around or within the implanted material in the damaged area. The mesh is typically made from synthetic materials like polypropylene.

Development of Biofidelic Skin Simulants Based on Fresh Cadaveric Skin Tests.

The development of artificial skin that accurately mimics the mechanical properties of human skin is crucial for a wide range of applications, including surgical training for burn injuries, biomechanical testing, and research in sports injuries and ballistics. While traditional materials like gelatin, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and animal skins (such as porcine and bovine skins) have been used for these purposes, they have inherent limitations in replicating the intricate properties of human skin. In this work, we conducted uniaxial tensile tests on freshly obtained cadaveric skin to analyze its mechanical properties under various loading conditions.

Damage mechanisms of bisphenols on the quality of mammalian oocytes.

The extensive use of bisphenols in the plastics industry globally is a major growing concern for human health. Bisphenol compounds are easily leached out from plastic containers to food, beverages, and drinking water and contaminate the natural environment. Daily exposure of bisphenol compounds increases their load and impairs various organs, including the reproductive system.

Exposure to Various Degrees and Durations of Hypobaric Hypoxia Causes a Reduction in Body Weight of Female Adult Rats.

Background: Hypobaric hypoxia refers to a condition where there is a decreased oxygen partial pressure in the air due to low atmospheric pressure. It is known to affect the metabolism, leading to increased basal metabolic rate, alterations in appetite, and changes in cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. The effects of hypoxia on metabolism and weight loss are influenced by genetic factors, gender, and the duration and severity of exposure to hypoxia.

Follicular oocyte as a potential target for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in December 2019 and rapidly became a pandemic as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apart from other organs, presence of specific receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) and corresponding proteases such as transmembrane serine protease 2, basigin and cysteine protease cathepsin L make follicular somatic cells as well as oocyte as potential targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 causes inflammation and hypoxia that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in critically ill patients.

In Silico Approaches to Polyherbal Synergy: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, more than 80% of the world's population relies on traditional medicine. Traditional medicine is typically based on the use of single herbal drugs or polyherbal formulations (PHFs) to manage diseases. However, the probable mode of action of these formulations is not well studied or documented.

Exploring Anticancer Properties of Medicinal Plants against Breast Cancer by Downregulating Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2.

Plants have a history of being employed in managing breast cancer. However, no scientific evidence supports the idea that these plants can effectively reduce the level of HER2 expression. In this study, extracts from 10 medicinal plants were evaluated for their anticancer properties against HER2-positive breast cancer cells through various methods, including the SRB assay, comet assay, annexin V-FITC dual staining, and immunoblotting.

Molecular Prediction and Correlation of the Structure and Function of Universal Stress Protein A (UspA) from Salmonella Typhimurium.

Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause gastroenteritis in humans when they consume contaminated food or water. When exposed to various stressors, both from living organisms (biotic) and the environment (abiotic), Salmonella Typhimurium produces Universal Stress Proteins (USPs). These proteins are gaining recognition for their crucial role in bacterial stress resistance and the ability to enter a prolonged state of growth arrest.

Reactive oxygen species signalling in the deterioration of quality of mammalian oocytes cultured in vitro: Protective effect of antioxidants.

The in vitro fertilization (IVF) is the first choice of infertile couples worldwide to plan for conception. Besides having a significant advancement in IVF procedure, the success rate is still poor. Although several approaches have been tested to improve IVF protocol, minor changes in culture conditions, physical factors and/or drug treatment generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oocytes.

Realizing avalanche criticality in neuromorphic networks on a 2D hBN platform.

Networks and systems which exhibit brain-like behavior can analyze information from intrinsically noisy and unstructured data with very low power consumption. Such characteristics arise due to the critical nature and complex interconnectivity of the brain and its neuronal network. We demonstrate a system comprising of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) films contacted with silver (Ag), which can uniquely host two different self-assembled networks, which are self-organized at criticality (SOC).

Emergence of field-induced memory effect in spin ices.

Out-of-equilibrium investigation of strongly correlated materials deciphers the hidden equilibrium properties. Herein, we have investigated the out-of-equilibrium magnetic properties of polycrystalline DyTiOand HoTiOspin ices. Our experimental findings reveal the emergence of magnetic field-induced anomalous hysteresis observed solely in temperature-and magnetic field-dependent AC susceptibility measurements.

Interferon production by Viral, Bacterial & Yeast system: A comparative overview in 2023.

Interferons play a critical role in the innate immune response against several infections and play a key role in the control of a variety of viral and bacterial infectious diseases such as hepatitis, covid-19, cancer, and multiple sclerosis. Therefore, natural or synthetic IFN production is important and had three common methods, including bacterial fermentation, animal cell culture, and recombinant nucleic acid technology. However, the safety, purity, and accuracy of the most preferred INF production systems have not been extensively studied.

Challenges & Solutions for Recent Advancements in Multi-Drugs Resistance Tuberculosis: A Review.

In MDR-TB, mycobacterium is resistant to battlefront drugs like rifampicin and isoniazid. Now it's an urgent global challenge for treatment & diagnosis because more than 50% of drugs are resistant. Till today's information, 5 reasons are liable for MDR: (1) Errors of physicians/patients in therapy management, (2) Complexity and poor vascularization of granulomatous lesions, which obstruct drug distribution to some sites, leading to resistance development, (3) Intrinsic drug resistance of tubercle bacilli, (4) Formation of non-replicating, drug-tolerant bacilli inside the granulomas, (5) Development of mutations in Mtb genes, which are the foremost important molecular mechanisms of resistance.

In silico prediction of COVID-19 cytokine storm in lung cancer types.

Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumors and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Mainly, Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for more than eighty-five percent of all lung cancers, consists of two major subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) affected millions of people caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) around the globe.